On the occasion of ‘World Sight Day,’ a leading ophthalmologist is highlighting two major but often overlooked eye conditions: age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). These conditions pose a serious risk to vision, particularly among individuals aged 50 and older and those living with diabetes. With new treatments that make care more convenient and less frequent, early diagnosis remains the best defence against preventable blindness.
To raise awareness, Bayer Thai Co., Ltd. hosted a seminar titled ‘Understanding Eye Diseases: Preserving Vision for a Better Quality of Life,’ featuring Dr Thanapong Somkijrungroj, retina specialist at Chulalongkorn Hospital.
‘The retina lets us see clearly and recognise details. When it’s damaged by diseases like nAMD or DME, central vision loss can severely affect daily life,’ said Dr Thanapong.
The Situation of Eye Diseases in Thailand
Thailand’s ageing population and rising diabetes rates are driving an increase in retinal diseases. A study involving more than 10,788 participants estimates that approximately 25,500 cases of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) affect individuals aged 50 and older. The overall prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly is 3.0%, with wet AMD accounting for 74.1% of late-stage cases. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is also a growing concern, with an estimated 750,000 cases nationwide. This figure is based on findings that approximately 34.78% of diabetic retinopathy patients are affected by DME, combined with Thailand’s estimated 6.4 million diabetes patients (1,2,3).
Understanding DME and nAMD
Diabetic macular edema (DME) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are two leading causes of central vision loss, especially among older adults and people with diabetes. DME results from fluid leaking into the macula due to damaged retinal blood vessels-a complication of diabetic retinopathy. nAMD, common in those over 50, involves abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina, leading to rapid and severe vision loss if untreated.
Dr Thanapong advises patients to watch for four key symptoms: distorted vision (e.g. straight lines appearing wavy), dark spots obscuring central vision, reduced clarity requiring more light or difficulty seeing colours, and sudden vision deterioration.
‘Some patients may not notice symptoms early on or may mistake them for normal ageing. Without timely screening and treatment, patients face a high risk of permanent vision loss.’
Advanced Diagnostics and Longer-Acting Treatments Ease Burden and Protect Vision
Advanced tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and AI-powered retinal imaging now enable earlier and more precise detection of retinal diseases, supporting timely intervention and better patient outcomes. These technologies not only support timely diagnosis but also help patients better understand their condition and the importance of prompt treatment to prevent irreversible vision loss.
Standard care involves intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents to reduce macular swelling and preserve vision. For diabetic patients, managing underlying health conditions such as blood sugar and blood pressure is also essential for long-term treatment success.
‘The key to treatment is long-term disease control, but frequent hospital visits for injections can be a major burden,’ said Dr Thanapong. ‘Previously, patients needed injections every one to two months, which was challenging for many.’
Today, new therapeutic innovations allow ophthalmologists to extend treatment intervals significantly, reducing the frequency of injections while maintaining effective disease control. This means fewer hospital visits, less disruption to daily life, and improved overall patient experience. Clinical data shows that treatment intervals can now be extended by nearly 50%, with some patients receiving injections only every four to five months.
A new generation of anti-VEGF therapy with extended intraocular durability is transforming retinal care. This innovation enables retina specialists to significantly lengthen treatment intervals while maintaining disease control comparable to more frequent injections. It offers greater convenience for patients, especially those who must travel from other provinces, and allows more time for family and daily life.
‘This advancement helps reduce the burden of ongoing treatment,’ said Dr Thanapong. ‘Patients no longer need to visit the hospital as frequently, and many can maintain stable vision with injections spaced up to four or five months apart. Recent data shows that approximately 47% of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and 53% of those with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are able to extend their treatment intervals to 20 weeks or longer.’
Dr Thanapong also emphasised the importance of early detection, recommending annual eye exams for individuals over 50 and diabetic patients-even if they do not have any abnormal symptoms. Diabetic patients are at the highest risk for developing diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema, so they should undergo detailed retinal examinations at least once a year, alongside maintaining good blood sugar control.
Bayer Thai’s Commitment to Eye Health
Ms Chatchaya Chatratanarak, Head of Focus Brand in the Pharmaceuticals Division at Bayer Thai Co., Ltd., said ‘Bayer is committed to addressing major health challenges that impact quality of life. We are proud to support the World Sight Day campaign and raise awareness about retinal diseases, especially among at-risk groups. New treatment options that allow for extended intervals between injections represent a meaningful advancement in retinal care. They help reduce the burden of frequent hospital visits and support better long-term disease management. We encourage individuals to prioritise regular eye screenings and consult with ophthalmologists to explore appropriate treatment plans. Preserving vision is essential to maintaining independence and overall well-being.’
References:
Jenchitr W, Ruamviboonsuk P, Sanmee A, Pokawattana N. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Thailand. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2011 Feb;18(1):48-52. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2010.545502. PMID: 21275595.
Boonsaen T, Choksakunwong S, Lertwattanarak R. Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Siriraj Hospital – Thailand’s Largest National Tertiary Referral Center. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Dec 29;14(null):4945-57.
Surawongsin A. Prevalence and Risk factors affecting centre involved diabetic macular edema in patients with diabetic retinopathy Mahasarakham Hospital. Mahasarakham Hospital Journal. 2023;20(3):23-33.