Asianet Pakistan Private Limited

Until recently, two of the fiscal dispensations that mirrored Nigeria’s penchant for profligacy and waste were the fuel subsidy regime and the flaring of natural gas. While the subsidy regime was touted as offering relief to the masses, even as serving as a major drain pipe on the economy, gas flaring is ‘justified’ as a necessary pain in the course of producing crude oil, with which it is associated underground. While oil is produced, gas comes along and when there is no immediate option to utilise it; flaring comes in handy.

While subsidy was reportedly terminated by the administration of Bola Tinubu during his inauguration as president on May 29, 2023, gas flaring has persisted with telling effect on the country. Just as well, while the subsidy regime imposed on the country in 2022 a whopping sum of N4.3 trillion, gas flaring also claimed the sum of $30 million on a daily basis and N16 trillion per annum. Thus, it constituted another waste pipe through which the country’s patrimony is drained avoidably.

According to data from the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) under its programme ‘Gas Flare Tracker’, Nigeria lost an estimated $5.5 billion (roughly N8.7 trillion) in direct market value from routine gas flaring between 2021 and 2025. Meanwhile, the financial implications of gas flaring spread across several critical sectors of the country’s public space, including the economy, health and others.

Beyond the financial aspect, while the subsidy regime in its positive context offered some benefits, such as reliefs like cheaper prices of petroleum products to sections of the society – contentious as such may be, the dispensation of gas flaring remains officially and primarily illegal, attracts fines and is insidious in its impact on the society, especially with respect to the environment.

The unfortunate twist is that the perpetrating companies are allowed to pay the stipulated fines and continue with their operations; hence, gas flaring is actually serving the interests of the oil producing companies and not of the country.

This situation thereby accentuates the slack management of the industry by the government, and has drawn concern from not a few Nigerians.

That is why the recent visit to President Bola Tinubu by the management of the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Limited (NLNG) qualifies for interrogation. In the course of that visit, the president gave them a new mandate to deepen the domestic utilisation of the country’s gas by tackling gas flaring, as well as ensuring that the country’s abundant gas resources translates into cheaper energy for ordinary Nigerians through facilitating cheaper domestic usage of the fuel.

According to him, Nigeria’s energy resources would be of little value if they remained underground or failed to improve the lives of citizens, stressing that NLNG must balance its drive for increased revenues from the international market with the need to ease the energy burden at home.

The presidential directive comes against several justifying factors. First is the official approval for expanding the NLNG mandate beyond its original one of merely harnessing the country’s gas reserves for export and revenue generation to the additional task of looking inwards as well.

The original mandate of the NLNG when it was established upon its incorporation on May 17, 1989 was to harness Nigeria’s vast natural gas resources and produce Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), as well as Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) for export.

At its core, this foundational mandate was driven by three main economic and environmental objectives. First was the elimination of gas flaring. Prior to NLNG’s formation, Nigeria routinely flared the associated gas produced during oil extraction. The primary goal was to monetise and capture this wasted resource, effectively converting an environmental hazard into a commercial asset.

Second was the diversification of the Nigerian economy. The government sought to generate a massive, alternative stream of foreign exchange to reduce the country’s heavy over-reliance on crude oil exports. The third objective was to position Nigeria as a reliable major player in the global energy market by safely and profitably supplying cleaner energy to international buyers.

This dispensation spawned the joint venture that brought together the federal government-represented by the NNPC-and international oil companies, such as Shell, TotalEnergies and Eni, to execute this mandate under a unique, self-funding business model.

However, with the passage of time (after 27 years), the old mandate now has to adjust to new realities, which makes the president’s directive well placed.

Third is the operational imperative for the country to transit from an oil- driven economy to a gas-driven one as Nigeria is more endowed with gas than oil reserves. The country’s oil reserves is 37.5 billion barrels, while its gas reserves of 215 trillion cubic metres is expected to last for 85 years.

Fourthly, and in the light of the contemporary circumstances the Nigerian gas industry is currently migrating to a high-growth expansion phase, heavily anchored by the federal government’s ‘Decade of Gas’ initiative (2021-2030) and the operational enforcement of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), courtesy of the massive proven natural gas reserves.

In the context of the foregoing lies an unanswered question: Is gas flaring still compatible with the country’s energy management circumstances?

The answer is not only a definite no; the inexcusable situation dictates that gas flaring must stop immediately.

The notification came after weeks of persistence. It was a modest contract worth just $15 to write a 1,000-word blog post for a client in the United Kingdom. For Mohammed Rabiu Ibrahim, a student of the University of Maiduguri (UNIMAID), the small contract represented more than his first freelance job. It was evidence that the skills he was developing could earn him an income beyond the classroom and that the internet could connect him with opportunities far beyond his immediate environment.

Mohamed started freelancing in his second year at UNIMAID after struggling to meet school expenses, data subscriptions, and other daily needs. At the time, he didn’t even own a laptop and had to rely on his phone and access to hostel Wi-Fi to begin learning and searching for opportunities. With the help of a mentor and tutorial videos, he gradually acquired the skills needed to venture into the online labour market. What began as an attempt to earn extra money eventually became an opportunity to build a career around skills that could be offered to clients anywhere in the world.

Across Nigeria, thousands of youths are making similar discoveries as they confront rising living costs, unemployment, economic uncertainty and intense competition for conventional jobs. Rather than waiting indefinitely for vacancies in government offices or private companies, some young Nigerians are turning to the digital economy and creating opportunities for themselves through freelancing. For a generation that has grown up with smartphones, social media and increasingly accessible digital platforms, the internet is becoming not only a place for communication and entertainment but also a marketplace for skills and services.

Not long ago, the ambition of many graduates was to secure a government appointment or obtain a position in a reputable private company. While those aspirations remain important, the meaning of employment is gradually changing. More young Nigerians are exploring independent work, offering professional services to clients in different parts of the world while operating from their homes, university hostels, co-working spaces or small offices. The ability to work for an international client without leaving Nigeria has opened a new dimension to employment, particularly for young people who may otherwise struggle to find opportunities within the traditional labour market.

Freelancing, which involves providing professional services to clients on a contract or project basis rather than working as a permanent employee, has become an increasingly visible part of Nigeria’s digital economy. Graphic designers, software developers, writers, video editors, virtual assistants, digital marketers, web designers and other professionals can now market their skills on online platforms and communicate directly with clients across borders. For young Nigerians, this creates the possibility of earning from skills rather than relying exclusively on formal employment.

The growth of freelancing is taking place against the backdrop of Nigeria’s employment challenges. Each year, universities and other higher institutions produce large numbers of graduates who enter a labour market where available opportunities may not be enough to accommodate everyone. While many continue to search for conventional employment, others are beginning to see digital skills as an alternative route to earning a living. The expansion of internet access, online learning and digital platforms has further lowered some of the barriers that previously prevented young Nigerians from participating in the global services market.

For students in particular, flexibility remains one of the major attractions of freelancing. Olatunbosun Mathew Oladepo, a student of the University of Maiduguri, developed an interest in freelancing because it allows him to work online from the comfort of his home without the physical demands associated with many conventional jobs. The flexibility allows students to organise their work around lectures, assignments and examinations, although maintaining that balance still requires discipline and effective time management.

Unlike traditional employment, freelancing gives workers considerable control over the projects they accept, the clients they work with and, in many cases, the hours they choose to work. A student can take on a project during a period when academic demands are lighter, while a graduate searching for permanent employment can use freelancing to gain experience and earn an income at the same time. Professionals who already have jobs can also use freelance work to develop additional skills or supplement their earnings.

Another factor that has attracted Nigerians to freelancing is the possibility of earning in foreign currencies. Freelancers who work with international clients may receive payments in US dollars, British pounds or euros, depending on the nature of the contract and payment arrangement. At a time when the naira has experienced significant depreciation, foreign-currency earnings can provide an important source of income for some young people and enable them to meet expenses that might otherwise be difficult to cover through local earnings alone.

Digital platforms have played a major role in making this possible. A web designer based in Maiduguri can create a website for a business in Canada, while a virtual assistant in Abuja can manage schedules, emails or administrative tasks for a client in the United States. A writer in Kano can produce content for an international publication, just as a graphic designer in Lagos can create promotional materials for a company operating thousands of kilometres away. The physical distance between the worker and client matters less when the service can be delivered digitally.

However, the promise of freelancing comes with significant challenges. The online marketplace is highly competitive, with freelancers from different countries competing for the same clients and projects. Amos Williams Peter, a freelance web designer and 300-level Mass Communication student at UNIMAID, said the activities of internet fraudsters, popularly known as ‘Yahoo boys’, have also created difficulties for genuine Nigerian freelancers. According to him, the negative reputation associated with online fraud can make some international clients hesitant to work with Nigerians, creating an additional barrier for those trying to build legitimate careers online.

For beginners, securing the first client can be particularly difficult. Many international clients prefer freelancers who already have strong portfolios, positive reviews and evidence of successful previous projects. This creates a difficult cycle for new entrants because they need experience to attract clients, but they also need clients to build experience and reviews. As a result, many aspiring freelancers spend months learning new skills, developing sample projects, improving their profiles and sending proposals before securing their first contract.

Infrastructure remains another major obstacle. Reliable electricity and affordable internet are essential for anyone whose income depends on being online, yet frequent power outages, expensive data subscriptions and unstable network connections continue to affect many Nigerian freelancers. For someone working against a deadline for an international client, a prolonged power outage or poor internet connection can mean missed deadlines, interrupted communication and, potentially, the loss of a client.

Payment systems can also create difficulties. Some international payment platforms don’t offer the same range of services to Nigerian users as they do in other countries, forcing freelancers to search for alternative payment arrangements. Transaction charges, currency conversion issues and delays can reduce the amount freelancers eventually receive from their work. For beginners who are earning relatively small amounts, such charges can have an even greater impact.

There is also the question of job security. Unlike permanent employees, freelancers generally do not have guaranteed monthly salaries, paid leave, pensions or employer-provided health benefits. Their earnings depend largely on the number of projects they secure and their ability to maintain relationships with clients. A freelancer may earn well in one month and struggle to find enough projects the next, making financial planning an important part of the profession.

Despite these difficulties, many young Nigerians continue to see freelancing as a worthwhile opportunity. Mohamed’s experience illustrates the persistence required to succeed in the sector. His first three months were difficult because he had no reviews and received little response to the numerous proposals he submitted. Rather than abandoning the effort, he continued applying for jobs, improved his online profile, and promoted his work through UNIMAID WhatsApp groups and Facebook pages. He also relied on recommendations and word-of-mouth referrals, gradually building the trust and reputation required to attract more clients.

His experience also highlights an important lesson about freelancing: technical ability alone may not be enough. Communication, reliability, meeting deadlines and maintaining professional relationships can determine whether a client returns or recommends a freelancer to others. For young Nigerians entering the field, building a reputation can therefore be just as important as learning the technical skill itself.

The expansion of digital skills training, coding boot camps, online courses and technology communities is also creating more opportunities for young Nigerians to prepare for the global freelance market. Software development, digital marketing, content writing, data analysis, graphic design, video production and artificial intelligence-related skills are among the areas attracting growing interest. Online learning has further made it possible for young people to acquire skills without necessarily enrolling in expensive physical training programmes.

For many young Nigerians, therefore, freelancing is gradually moving beyond the idea of a temporary side hustle. It is becoming a career option, a business model and, for some, a pathway towards financial independence. Its appeal lies not only in the possibility of earning money but also in the freedom to develop a professional identity based on skills rather than geographical location.

As the nature of work continues to evolve, success may no longer depend entirely on securing a desk in a corporate office. Increasingly, it may depend on possessing valuable skills, building a credible reputation, and being able to connect those skills with people who need them. For young Nigerians facing a competitive labour market, the digital economy offers an opportunity to participate in a global marketplace from within their own communities.

The growth of freelancing does not mean that traditional employment has become irrelevant, nor does it eliminate the economic and infrastructural challenges facing young Nigerians. But it demonstrates that the meaning of work is changing. For a generation increasingly determined to create opportunities rather than wait indefinitely for them, freelancing is showing that talent can cross borders even when the person possessing that talent never leaves home.