Have you ever noticed a white, hard substance stuck to your teeth that does not seem to get off, however hard you brush? That is most likely dental calculus. Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is the hard, yellowish or brownish deposit that forms on teeth, especially along the gum line and between teeth.
Formation of calculus is a process that starts with the formation of dental plaque. Plaque is a film of bacteria that forms on teeth within minutes of eating. If not removed within 24-72 hours, minerals from saliva (mainly calcium and phosphate) are integrated into the biofilm and cause it to harden. Once hardened, no amount of brushing or home remedies can remove it.
There are two types of calculus: supragingival (above the gum line, usually yellowish) and subgingival (below the gum line, often dark and more harmful). Some people form tartar at a faster rate due to high salivary mineral content, dry mouth (xerostomia), crowded teeth, smoking, or poor oral hygiene.
Calculus is a big discomfort for some activities enjoyed by adults. However, it is even more insidious because its rough surface traps more plaque, creating a cycle that leads to swollen, bleeding gums (gingivitis), persistent bad breath, gum recession, loose teeth (periodontitis), and even higher risks of heart disease and diabetes complications.
Calculus can only be removed by a professional: a dental surgeon, dental hygienist, or a public health dental officer. During scaling, the dentist or hygienist uses ultrasonic instruments and hand tools to break off the hard deposits.
Root planing smooths the tooth roots when subgingival calculus is present, followed by polishing to leave teeth smooth.
Regular cleaning
Most adults can benefit from professional cleaning every six to 12 months. Individuals with gum disease may, however, need it more frequently, say every three to four months, until their condition stabilizes.
Prevention is simple and effective:
Brush twice daily for two full minutes with fluoride toothpaste, focusing on the gum line.
Clean between teeth daily using floss, interdental brushes, or a water flosser.
Use tartar-control toothpaste containing pyrophosphates or zinc citrate.
Stop smoking or chewing tobacco.
Visit your dentist regularly for early detection and cleaning.
If your teeth feel rough or your gums bleed when brushing, book a professional dental cleaning appointment. The procedure is quick, usually painless, and instantly refreshing.