Sample 1: ‘Apparently referring to recent newspaper publication that he was being haunted by the EFCC over an alleged involvement in over N8 billion scam and that he was one of the outgoing governors… He boasted that in the last four years, his government had undergone various developmental projects aimed at improving the living standard of the people of the state in line with the 13-point agenda of his administration’ (I’ll Go Mad If I See N8 billion – Akala, The Daily Sun, May 19, 2011).
I draw readers’ attention to the word haunted which occurs in the clause, ‘he was being haunted by the EFCC’. Clearly, the word haunted is used in confusion with hunt, two superficially similar but hardly semantically related words. To hunt a person or animal is to pursue it with the aim of hurting or killing the person or animal. Illustrations: (1) Armed with guns and cutlasses, the team went hunting antelopes. (2) The cow went wild and two Fulani men were paid to hunt it down. (3) Many people have claimed that the EFCC was created to hunt down the former president’s political enemies. (4) The kid was busy in the garden hunting butterflies. (5) It should have been clear to everybody that the US would hunt down its most wanted enemy. (6) The scientist did not rest until he had hunted out the specie of his dream.
On the other hand, the verb haunt basically has to do with a ghost appearing in or troubling a place. There is also the metaphorical extension of the word: (1) Haunted by her past, Janet would often become moody so that her husband would wonder whether he had hurt her in any way. (2) Successive occupiers of the building have one story or the other to tell about it being haunted by the ghost of the late landlord. (3) The conscience has been described as a ‘policeman’ that hunts and haunts every man who has done something evil which is not known to his neighbour. (4) That dreadful experience haunted me for years until I sought spiritual deliverance. (5) The Doctor was haunted by a major error he had committed in the course of the surgical operation.
From those illustrative sentences, it should be clear that the word required in the context is not haunted but hunted: ‘he was hunted by the EFCC’
Next, we consider the word undergone which occurs in the context, ‘his government had undergone various development projects’. The form undergone is the past participle of the verb undergo, a word that is definitely not appropriate in the context. If a person or thing undergoes an experience, he has that experience. Can we say with intelligence, as the reporter has said, that ‘his government had undergone various developmental projects’? If we said this, we would suggest quite inanely that the government itself had had an experience called ‘developmental projects’.
The only way we can help the writer to make sense is to replace the word undergone with undertaken. Yes, when you undertake (yes, undertaken is the past participle of undertake) a task or project, you engage in it. To have a real grasp of the usage of each of the words (undertake and undergo), we illustrate their respective usage. First, undergo: (1) Our country has undergone remarkable changes in the last ten years of democratic experience. (2) All the patients are required to undergo specific tests before they can see the Doctor. (3) Having undergone surgical operations twice, the woman is not expected to have her next baby without surgery. (4) Workers who have not undergone further training since they joined the company are not entitled to promotion beyond the last step of their present positions. (5) Anyone who has undergone spiritual transformation would know what it means to have a special experience of God. (6) All the operations of the company have undergone different degrees of change since the beginning of this year.
Now undertake: (1) (1) Five new projects are being undertaken by the new administration. (2) The contractor said he was not ready to undertake any job for which no advance payment was made. (3) Before undertaking the mission, the terrorist gang, we are told, had trained for years somewhere in the US. (4) The Governor said he was not willing to undertake new projects because of shortage of funds. (5) Let’s not undertake that job if we are not sure of completing it. (6) Having undertaken the production of three plays, the director seems reluctant to undertake the production of a fourth one.
At any rate, the clause should read, ‘his government had undertaken various developmental projects’.
SAMPLE II
‘It was gathered that the number of corps members in the worship centre increased to 50 when some of their colleagues living elsewhere rushed to the NCCF secretariat to seek refuge from the crisis that erupted in some parts of the town, unknown to them that they were potential victims of the dastard act of the irate youths. The Family House of the NCCF, a fellowship centre and a lodge for the Christian corps members, was one of the seven worship centres touched by the youth…’ (Presidential Poll: 5 Corps Members Escape Death, The Daily Sun, April 20, 2011).
First, we examine the status of the word dastard which occurs in the context, ‘victims of the dastard act’. Let us point out immediately that the word dastard is not an English word. Or rather, it is a truncated English word. The word whose identity we are sure of is dastardly. We may be able to guess what has happened to this word and the process that led to it.
Having encountered the word dastardly, and having no engagement with it beyond sighting it in a ‘light’ reading material, the reporter must have mistaken it for an adverb – what with its final -ly. It is true that most English adverbs end in -ly, but it is not all words that have a final ly that are adverbs. To be sure, the word dastardly is not an adverb but an adjective, notwithstanding its obvious -ly ending.
What we guess the reporter has done is to clip the final -ly of the word as a way of reducing it to its adjectival form – dastard, a non-existent word in English. It should not be difficult to imagine that the reporter would have used the form dastardly as an adverb if the opportunity had offered itself in the course of writing his report.
A similar error is committed by some people when they employ the word orderly, mistaking its final -ly for evidence of adverb. Since this has received adequate attention last week, we would not discuss it further. As we have pointed out, the word dastardly is an adjective and its usage is illustrated as follows: (1) The man raped a six-year-old girl, and the NGO has sworn that he will pay for the dastardly act. (2) Those who were involved in the dastardly act of burning the houses of their political enemies will not go unpunished. (3) The dastardly murder was committed when the victim had no reason to suspect that any evil was planned against him. (4) Nothing can excuse that dastardly revenge, not even the fact that the woman has hurt him so much. (5) The law does not seem to make sufficient provision for such dastardly misdeeds.
At any rate, the word dastardly should replace dastard in the context under examination: ‘victims of the dastardly act’.
Finally, I urge readers to note the word touched which occurs in the context, ‘one of the seven worship centres touched by the youth’. Readers are to note that this word is used in the context of arson. Is the word touched the appropriate one in the context? Certainly not.
It is obvious that this word – touch – is used in confusion with torch. When houses, cars, etc are burnt deliberately, we say they are torched. The word touch is about physical contact, torch is about burning.
At any rate, the word torched should replace touched in the context under examination.