A Ugandan-founded clean-air technology initiative has been named among 15 global finalists for the 2026 Earthshot Prize, putting it in contention for one of the world’s most prominent environmental awards.
AirQo, an African-led clean-air technology initiative founded at Makerere University in 2015, was named a finalist for its work to close Africa’s air quality data gap through low-cost monitors, open-data platforms and artificial intelligence designed to track pollution levels across African cities.
AirQo uses locally manufactured, low-cost air quality monitors, AI sensors and mobile applications to collect real-time pollution data across Uganda and several other African cities.
The Earthshot Prize was launched by Prince William and The Royal Foundation in 2020 to identify, spotlight and scale innovative solutions to some of the world’s most pressing environmental challenges.
AirQo was nominated in the ‘Clean Our Air’ category, where it is being recognised for tackling one of Africa’s most urgent but often invisible public health threats.
In 2019, air pollution was the second-leading risk factor for death across Africa and contributed to an estimated 1.1 million deaths in a single year, according to the State of Global Air initiative.
Rapid urbanisation has increased emissions from transport, industry and waste, while many cities still lack reliable, locally relevant data showing where pollution is concentrated, when levels spike and whether measures to reduce pollution are working.
As a 2026 finalist, AirQo will work with The Earthshot Prize to accelerate its expansion across African cities, strengthen the investment case for clean-air infrastructure and connect the initiative with governments, funders, technology partners and urban leaders.
The support will also help AirQo expand its open-source data platform, build local technical capacity and make clean air a more visible public and political priority, according to a statement issued by the initiative on Friday evening.
Prince William, President and Founder of The Earthshot Prize, said the finalists offered evidence that progress on environmental challenges was possible.
‘Every year, our Finalists give me renewed optimism. They show us that, even as the environmental challenges remain urgent, extraordinary people around the world are already proving that progress is possible,’ he said.
‘Seeing solutions work gives us all confidence to act. When they succeed, they inspire others and accelerate change. I’m proud to welcome these 15 Finalists to the Earthshot Prize community and look forward to celebrating their stories in Mumbai this November.’
Search for a solution
AirQo was established to answer a basic but increasingly urgent question: how can people in cities be protected from pollution they cannot see?
After moving from rural Uganda to Kampala, AirQo founder Prof Engineer Bainomugisha observed the effects of worsening urban air quality but found that the local data needed to understand the problem was largely unavailable.
Conventional monitoring stations were expensive and difficult to maintain at the density required by African cities, prompting the AirQo team to develop a locally designed alternative.
Its monitors are built for African operating conditions, including dust, power interruptions and limited internet connectivity. Fixed monitors are complemented by mobile devices mounted on motorcycle taxis, commonly known as boda bodas, to map pollution at street level.
Data collected through the network is shared through open-data platforms, dashboards, mobile tools and application programming interfaces (APIs).
AirQo also uses artificial intelligence and machine-learning models to calibrate sensors, verify data quality, forecast pollution, identify hotspots and determine where additional monitors are most needed.
The affordable monitors complement traditional reference-grade monitoring stations used by governments. By bringing the data together, AirQo helps cities identify pollution patterns and determine where interventions are most urgently needed.
The information is also used by researchers and communities to understand local air quality, minimise exposure and support public health measures.
Public tools show citizens when pollution levels are high, while city authorities can use the data to improve traffic management, waste services, public health interventions and urban planning.
Prof Engineer Bainomugisha, founder and lead of AirQo and a professor of computer science at Makerere University, said the initiative was created to make air pollution more visible through locally generated evidence.
‘Air pollution has remained invisible across too many African cities because the data needed to understand it has been scarce.
‘AirQo was built in Africa for the realities of African cities, bringing together locally designed monitors, open data, and artificial intelligence so that evidence can move from the street into public decisions.
‘Being named an Earthshot Prize Finalist will help us scale this infrastructure, equip more African technologists and city leaders, and make reliable air quality data a public good. As a non-profit, the funding and partnerships this recognition unlocks are vital to advancing our vision of clean air for everyone,’ he said.
AirQo now has more than 500 air quality monitors deployed across over 16 cities. Its work spans nine African countries – Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Cameroon, Zambia, Mozambique and South Africa – providing real-time air quality information to communities with a combined population of more than 30 million.
The initiative says its work is also contributing to a positive tipping point – a threshold in a system beyond which change becomes self-propelling.
The finalists
The 15 finalists for this year’s Earthshot Prize were selected from a database of nearly 7,000 nominations from 169 countries.
The selection process was supported by a global network of more than 363 nominators and an Expert Advisory Panel comprising more than 150 specialists, alongside assessment and research by The Earthshot Prize’s selection team and partners.
The 15 finalists join a community of 75 finalists supported by the prize since 2020.
According to The Earthshot Prize, the wider finalist community has collectively avoided or cleaned up 18 million tonnes of greenhouse gases (CO2e), while contributing to cleaner air for 600 million people.
The community has also protected or restored 58 million hectares of land and 85 million hectares of ocean and coastlines, kept 465,000 tonnes of waste out of the environment and saved 21 million tonnes of water from being wasted.
The 2026 Earthshot Prize winners will be celebrated in Mumbai in November.