When parents take over their adult children’s job searches

A job interview is meant to test a candidate’s qualifications, confidence and ability to communicate. Yet some recruiters increasingly find themselves dealing with more than just the job seeker, as parents step in to submit CVs, follow up on applications, and even accompany their adult children to interviews.

For Kenyan human resource practitioners, such interventions raise questions about professional independence, workplace readiness and where parental support should end.

Sakwa Wangara, a human resource practitioner, lecturer at the College of Human Resource Management and managing director of HRD Ingenuity, says he has received several approaches from parents who know he works in human resources.

In one recent instance, a parent contacted him seeking a job opportunity for an adult child who was already employed but, in the parent’s view, needed broader professional exposure.

‘She wanted me to look at the child’s CV and help him get a generalist human resource assignment so that he could understand the function from end to end,’ Sakwa says.

The candidate was already involved in recruitment and human resource management information systems, but the parent wanted him to gain experience across the wider human resource function.

Sakwa has also encountered a parent who accompanied an adult child to an interview, although the parent did not participate in the recruitment.

While most parents mean well, he believes some become involved because they doubt their children’s ability to navigate the job market.

‘By and large, parents do this out of a good heart. They mean well and want the best for their children,’ he says. ‘But sometimes they don’t think their children can stand up for themselves.’

Jane Maina, HR manager at Prosper HR Services, has had similar experiences, with parents contacting recruiters and following up on vacancies on behalf of their adult children.

Some, she says, go further by accompanying candidates to interviews or attempting to answer questions on their behalf.

‘It is becoming increasingly noticeable, especially among some entry-level candidates,’ Jane says. ‘I wouldn’t generalise about the entire Gen Z generation, but we are seeing instances where young adults struggle to take ownership of their job searches and professional decisions.’

Hildah Nyatichi, an HR business partner and account manager at IHR Solutions, says parental involvement can begin long before an interview.

For instance, a recruiter advertising a vacancy may receive a WhatsApp message from a candidate’s mother asking whether the application has been received, the salary on offer, the working hours, interview arrangements and employment benefits.

The involvement may continue even after the interview. A parent might contact a recruiter demanding an explanation for a delay in communicating the outcome or attempt to negotiate a salary after an offer has been made, arguing that their child has a university degree and deserves a higher amount.

Impression on recruiters

While parental intervention may be driven by good intentions, it can complicate recruitment and influence how employers perceive a candidate.

‘If the recruiter understands what is driving the parent to behave that way, it may not necessarily affect the candidate negatively,’ he says.

However, where the circumstances are unclear, employers may conclude that the candidate lacks the confidence or ability to represent themselves.

Jane says recruiters want to establish a direct relationship with the person they are considering for hiring.

‘As recruiters, we want to interact with the actual candidate, not their parent,’ she says.

That interaction allows employers to assess more than academic qualifications and technical skills. They also look at communication, accountability, initiative, problem-solving and decision-making, which help establish whether someone can take responsibility and function independently in the workplace.

Hilda says a candidate who cannot answer basic questions about their availability, salary expectations or career interests without looking to a parent for guidance may raise concerns during an interview.

However, she cautions against equating every parental inquiry with a lack of professional independence.

Why parents get involved

The practitioners point to parental concern, upbringing, competition for jobs and the perceived importance of personal connections as some of the factors behind the behaviour.

Sakwa says many parents genuinely believe they know what is best for their children.

Jane believes the behaviour may also be linked to how some young adults have been raised. Those who have grown up in environments where parents take charge of many responsibilities may find that the involvement continues even after they reach adulthood.

She also points to the perception that securing employment in Kenya depends heavily on personal connections rather than merit.

While networking can help job seekers access opportunities, Jane says it should not replace competence, effort and the ability to present oneself professionally.

For Hilda, love, concern and anxiety are also powerful motivators.

‘Parents invest heavily in their children’s education and naturally want to see a return on that investment,’ she says.

Prolonged unemployment can frustrate parents and push some to intervene, particularly in a competitive job market where opportunities are limited.

The issue is not unique to Kenya.

In an August 2026 report, NewsNation quoted career coach and former corporate recruiter Sarah Johnston describing parents attending job fairs, contacting recruiters and even seeking explanations when their adult children had been dismissed from jobs.

Sarah observed that today’s job market is different from the one many parents experienced, with job searches often taking longer than they expect.

The report cited a Zety survey in which one in five Gen Z job seekers said a parent had attended a job interview with them.

Sarah advised employers to redirect conversations to the candidate whenever a parent contacts a recruiter or attends an interview on their behalf. She also acknowledged that such involvement may be motivated by love and concern.

Hilda says parents have always supported their children in finding employment. What has changed is the ease with which they can now reach recruiters and employers.

‘Today, a parent can easily contact a recruiter through WhatsApp, LinkedIn, email or a direct phone call,’ she says.

In previous generations, such involvement may have been less visible because communication channels were not as accessible.

The experts agree that parents have an important role to play in preparing their children for the job market, but that support should not extend to taking over the recruitment process.

Sakwa advises parents to help their children identify opportunities, prepare for interviews and access professional coaching rather than communicating with employers on their behalf.

‘Support them by helping them prepare. Get them a coach who can guide them through the interview process, and help them understand the importance of doing things for themselves,’ he says.

Parents should then allow their adult children to attend interviews, respond to recruiters and make their own career decisions.

Young job seekers, he adds, also have a responsibility to establish boundaries and ask their parents to give them room to manage the process independently.

‘It’s okay to be supported, but it’s not okay to be held through the entire process to the extent that your parent is the one speaking for you,’ he says.

Jane advises parents to shift from doing things for their children to equipping them with the skills and confidence to handle responsibilities independently.

‘Guide them, help them prepare their CVs and encourage them, but allow them to attend interviews and communicate with employers independently,’ she says.

Hilda says parents can still make a meaningful contribution by helping with CV preparation, identifying vacancies, conducting mock interviews, providing transport and offering financial support where possible.

However, young adults must learn to write professional emails, follow up on applications, introduce themselves, negotiate salaries and handle rejection.

Ultimately, she says, parental support should prepare young people to stand on their own rather than make them dependent on someone else to speak for them.

‘You will not always have your parents beside you in the workplace. At some point, you must develop the confidence to represent yourself,’ she says.

Graft and insecurity blight Kenya’s governance ranking

Corruption and insecurity have tainted Kenya’s profile despite the country ranking among the top 10 best-governed countries in Africa.

The latest Mo Ibrahim Foundation’s Index of African Governance (IIAG) ranked Kenya 10 out of 54 African countries with an overall governance score of 61.0 out of 100, placing it well above both the continental average (50.1) and the Eastern Africa regional average (47.5).

Overall Governance combines scores across four main dimensions: Security and Rule of Law; Participation, Rights and Inclusion; Foundations for Economic Opportunity; and Human Development, covering 16 sub-categories, drawing on 96 indicators built from data produced by 51 sources.

‘The 2026 IIAG results highlight Africa’s resilience in a challenging global environment. They also show that many countries manage to achieve economic and human development despite deterioration in security and rule of law,’ said Mo Ibrahim, chairman and founder, Mo Ibrahim Foundation.

‘But this is not a sustainable trade-off. Economic and social gains will not last, and will anyway always be weaker, without progress in security, rule of law and participation.’

The ranking marks Kenya’s first entry into the top 10 bracket. This was an improvement compared to the 12th-place ranking in 2013 by the same report.

The report puts Kenya amongst countries that are ‘slowly improving’ with quantified growth of +2.5 points, above the continental average.

Despite the top-10 placement, the report highlights areas where Kenya lagged or faced headwinds.

Participation and Human Rights was Kenya’s lowest-scoring category at 56.2 percent, reflecting ongoing challenges regarding civic space, rights, and public participation.

‘Kenya’s weak areas: The country ranks lower in Security and Safety (41st) and Anti-Corruption (27),’ the report reveals in part.

The broader report cautions that while economic and human development indicators have improved, several African nations face slowing or reversing trends in Security and Rule of Law.

Abductions and deportation of citizens from neighbouring countries have not gone down well with the Human Rights groups in the region, contributing to its poor performance in the rankings.

Political goonism has emerged as a critical governance and security threat in Kenya as the country approaches the August 2027 General Election.

Independent assessments, human rights bodies, and international groups warn that organised political gangs are increasingly commercialised and deployed to shape the political landscape through intimidation.

Watchdogs like the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) have flagged goonism, political intolerance, and the misuse of AI/social media as core threats to democratic integrity.

‘KNCHR is gravely concerned about the increasing number of reported fatalities and the wider reports of incitement, intimidation, destruction of property, obstruction of movement, attacks against journalists and the alleged mobilisation of organized groups in connection with political activities in the Country,” said KNCHR Chairperson, Claris Ogangah.

Despite the insecurity and corruption setback, Kenya has been ranked amongst the top 10 countries in Africa in terms of overall governance, entrenching the country’s competitiveness.

In this regard, Kenya’s most significant improvement came in the dimension of Infrastructure (+17.5), with Kenya the most improved country over the decade.

This is mainly due to advancements in Access to Energy (+30.5) and Internet and Computers (+30.8).

Decent Housing performance also more than doubled over the past decade, increasing by +33.4 points.

This can be attributed to the affordable housing program that began in former President Uhuru’s tenure and was picked up by current President William Ruto.

Kenya’s strong performance in the ‘Human Development and Inclusion’ index did not go unnoticed.

Kenya recorded its highest category score in Human Development, reaching 67.1 percent, driven by steady improvements in social protection, education, and health outcomes.

It ranked particularly high in specific sub-sectors, placing 5th in Africa for Education.

The country also made gains in the ‘Sustainable Economic Opportunity and Tax Mobilisation’ category.

Kenya scored heavily in Tax and Revenue Mobilisation, ranking 10th in Africa in that specific sub-sector with a score of 67.9 out of 100.

This represents a 4.6-point improvement since 2016, with the report classifying Kenya under the “Increasing Improvement” category because the pace of its revenue collection and fiscal progress has accelerated since 2021.

Kenya also excelled in the Rural Economy (ranking 3rd) and Business and Labour Environment (ranking 5th) relative to its overall governance standing.

The report is based on 10 years (2014-2024) and covers various dimensions that contribute to the overall governance score.

SLT-MOBITEL Enterprise unveils SASE 361 to advance secure digital transformation

The SLT-MOBITEL Enterprise has unveiled SASE 361, a next-generation Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) service powered by Versa Networks.

The launch of SASE 361, held at Cinnamon Life, Colombo, recently, convened enterprise leaders, technology experts, customers, and partners keen to explore the future of cloud-native networking and cybersecurity. Attendees witnessed how SASE 361 is set to reinvent the future of enterprise IT, enabling organisations to embrace a more secure, agile, and digitally connected future.

The service endorses SLT-MOBITEL’s role as Sri Lanka’s trusted digital enabler, pairing global expertise with local delivery to help enterprises advance their digital transformation securely, efficiently, and with confidence.

The unveiling of SASE 361 establishes a strategic leap in supporting businesses to thrive in a rapidly evolving digital environment, aligning with the country’s vision for innovation, competitiveness, and sustainable growth.

Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is a cloud-native framework unifying networking and security into a single service, helping organisations simplify infrastructure, protect data, and provide secure access for users, devices, and locations. Instead of relying on traditional, centralised data center security, SASE delivers connectivity and protection at the network edge, closer to where work happens.

The SASE 361 service is built on the concept of three core pillars of Network, Security, and Access, six integrated security services (NGFW, SWG, CASB, ZTNA, DLP, ATP), and one unified platform, delivering a simplified yet comprehensive approach to secure digital transformation. Seamlessly integrating networking and security into a unified, cloud-native platform, SASE 361 empowers enterprises to embrace agility, resilience, and confidence in the digital era.

The service offers secure connectivity, cloud-delivered security, and simplified network management, redefining enterprise networking and security in Sri Lanka. With real-time visibility, advanced threat protection, and streamlined operations, SASE 361 enables businesses to protect critical data, enhance performance for distributed workforces, and reduce complexity, consolidating multiple functions into one platform.

The strategic partnership with Versa Networks, a global leader in SASE, and Connex Information Technologies, the value-added local distribution partner, further strengthens SLT-MOBITEL Enterprise’s ability to deliver world-class solutions backed through trusted local expertise. Together, these collaborations help Sri Lankan enterprises gain access to proven global technology tailored to local needs.

Ebola: Reps to probe emergency funds, state preparedness – Speaker Tajudeen

The Speaker of the House of Representatives, Hon. Abbas Tajudeen, on Tuesday expressed the House’s resolve to scrutinise inter-agency coordination, timely release and transparent utilisation of emergency health funds, as well as the capacity of state governments to respond effectively to public health emergencies.

Hon. Tajudeen, who stated this while declaring open a one-day public hearing on the outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Nigeria in Abuja, stressed the need for a coordinated national response involving all tiers of government and relevant institutions.

The Speaker, who was represented by Hon. Billy Osawaru, said the recent outbreak of Ebola in parts of Africa and the confirmation of an imported case in Nigeria underscored the importance of strengthening the country’s public health security architecture.

He noted that public health security was inseparable from national security, warning that an outbreak originating outside Nigeria could quickly become a matter of urgent national concern in an increasingly interconnected world.

According to him, Nigeria’s response to the recent development, through the activation of emergency mechanisms, strengthened surveillance and contact tracing, the establishment of a Presidential Task Force and the approval of emergency funding, was commendable but should not encourage complacency.

‘The fact that the confirmed imported case has been evacuated and no onward transmission has been established should strengthen our resolve to prevent a recurrence, rather than diminish our sense of urgency,’ he said.

Hon. Tajudeen recalled that Nigeria’s experience during the 2014 Ebola outbreak demonstrated that early detection, decisive intervention and effective coordination could determine whether a disease outbreak was contained or escalated into a national health emergency.

He explained that the public hearing was part of the legislature’s constitutional responsibility to assess the country’s preparedness, scrutinise the effectiveness of relevant institutions and ensure that the legal, financial and operational frameworks required to protect Nigerians were adequate.

The Speaker said the exercise would particularly examine whether disease surveillance systems could detect threats early enough, whether laboratories and isolation facilities were adequately equipped, whether healthcare workers had the necessary training and protective equipment, and whether airports and border communities were sufficiently covered by screening and monitoring arrangements.

He further emphasised the need to establish whether emergency health funds were released promptly and utilised transparently, while identifying possible gaps in the capacity of state governments to contain public health emergencies.

‘Disease containment cannot be the responsibility of the Federal Government alone. It requires a coordinated national response in which every tier of government understands its obligations and possesses the capacity to fulfil them,’ Speaker Tajudeen stated.

He also called for accurate and consistent public communication to prevent misinformation and panic, assuring Nigerians that the hearing was not intended to generate unnecessary alarm, particularly as there were no active Ebola cases in the country.

While expressing the House’s resolve to give serious consideration to the submissions and recommendations arising from the public hearing, he assured that the House would provide legislative intervention where necessary and pursue it. ‘Where administrative deficiencies are identified, we will engage the appropriate authorities to ensure corrective action. And where funding or institutional capacity is inadequate, we will discharge our constitutional responsibilities in addressing those gaps. Ultimately, the effectiveness of our response to public health threats should not be measured merely by our ability to contain an outbreak, but also by our capacity to prevent one from escalating in the first place.’

Speaking earlier, the Chairman of the Joint Committees on Infectious Diseases, Healthcare Services, Aviation and Interior, Hon. Amobi Ogah, said the news of the Ebola outbreak in October had generated widespread anxiety among Nigerians, prompting several calls and enquiries from his constituents and fellow lawmakers seeking clarification on the country’s preparedness.

Hon. Ogah recalled the devastating experience of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, which took a physical, psychological and economic toll on the country, with the deaths of several prominent Nigerians.

He said the concerns generated by the recent development compelled the House to initiate high-level consultations, culminating in the resolution to organise the public hearing to establish the preparedness of critical government agencies and determine the measures being implemented to prevent the spread of the disease.

The Abia lawmaker particularly expressed concern about the vulnerability of international airports as potential entry points for infectious diseases, insisting that relevant agencies must explain the screening arrangements and other preventive measures in place for passengers travelling into and out of Nigeria.

Hon. Ogah commended President Bola Tinubu for the prompt establishment of the Presidential Task Force on Ebola and the release of ?10 billion to support containment efforts, while also applauding the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) for coordinating the national response.

He expressed optimism that reports indicating that two additional suspected cases identified in the North-East had tested negative would further strengthen the country’s prospects of containing the disease.

In his presentation, the Controller-General of the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS), Sylvester Nwakuche, warned that custodial centres required special attention in the country’s Ebola preparedness strategy because of their population density, shared facilities and frequent human interactions.

Nwakuche explained that an infectious disease outbreak within correctional facilities could have serious consequences for inmates, personnel, visitors and surrounding communities, making early detection and effective infection prevention measures imperative.

He disclosed that the service was committed to strengthening disease surveillance, infection prevention and control, emergency response arrangements and collaboration with the NCDC, the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and state health authorities.

The NCoS Controller-General identified inadequate medical infrastructure, protective equipment, trained personnel, emergency isolation spaces and medical transportation as critical areas requiring government intervention, urging the Federal Government to integrate correctional facilities into national and subnational public health emergency preparedness programmes.

He also called for dedicated funding, regular training of correctional officers and healthcare personnel, improved referral arrangements, periodic assessment of custodial centres and the provision of essential medical supplies to prevent the introduction and transmission of Ebola within correctional facilities.

Nwakuche maintained that strengthening the preparedness of correctional institutions would not only improve the country’s response to Ebola but also enhance its capacity to prevent and manage other infectious disease threats.

T1 giants Ratchaburi and Port seek Asian lifelines

Ratchaburi hope to salvage a point against Vissel Kobe in the AFC Champions League Elite on Tuesday.

The Japanese side have won three in a row, while Ratchaburi have collected a single point. Their goalless draw with Kashiwa Reysol ended a two-match losing start, but head coach Worrawoot Srimaka admitted his side have plenty of room for improvement.

Ratchaburi remain winless in the competition and, without a marked change, face elimination at the first hurdle.

Kobe’s victory over South Korea’s Daejeon Hana Citizen equalled their longest continental winning streak. They have never lost to Thai opposition, winning two and drawing two, and coach Michael Skibbe will expect that to continue. Kick-off at Kobe City Misaki Park Stadium is at 5pm Thai time.

Port, beaten in their last three games, host Beijing FC in Pathum Thani at 7.15pm. Beijing, with seven points from three games, are well placed for the last 16, while Port were beaten 3-0 by Johor Darul Ta’zim last week.

Rayong suffer heavy defeat

Rayong’s slump deepened as they lost 4-0 at home to Lamphun Warriors on Sunday. It was their second successive defeat.

Lamphun led 3-0 by the interval through Christian Ilic in the sixth minute and a brace from Anderson da Silva, in the 30th and 37th minutes. Da Silva was sent off three minutes after the restart, but Mohammed Osman added a fourth in stoppage time.

Rayong coach Akkraporn Chalitaporn pointed to a lack of concentration. “We started the game not very well and conceded so quickly, which is a problem we have to improve,” he said. “We have not won in five games and we are in a difficult situation.”

At Thalay Luang Stadium, Sukhothai FC also lost 3-0 to Ayutthaya United on Sunday night. Thiti Thumporn’s own goal in the 72nd minute opened the scoring, Willen Mota doubled the lead in the 80th and Caique Lemes completed the win in stoppage time. Ayutthaya climbed to third on 13 points; Sukhothai remained 11th on nine.

Player abuse case

The Football Association of Thailand has firmly condemned racism after Kanchanaburi Power’s John Baggio was abused over his height by home supporters during a 2-2 Thai League 2 draw at Pattaya United.

In an official statement, the FAT said such behaviour, whether inside grounds or on social media, had no place in football. Association president Nualphan Lamsam has instructed the competitions department to gather evidence and begin disciplinary proceedings immediately.

Players found guilty of racist abuse face one to three-match bans and fines of 10,000 to 60,000 baht. Supporters can be fined 10,000 to 30,000 baht, with amplified or broadcast abuse costing up to 50,000 baht. Clubs whose fans display offensive banners risk fines of up to 100,000 baht and, for repeat offences, a three-point deduction.

General Government fiscal results record a surplus of pound 1,609.7 mn in first nine months

General Government fiscal results record a surplus of pound 1,609.7 mn (4.0% of GDP) for the period of January-September 2026, according to the Cyprus Statistical Service (CyStat).

In a press release on Tuesday, CyStat says that the preliminary General Government fiscal results, which are prepared by the Statistical Service of Cyprus indicate a surplus of pound 1,609.7 mn (4.0% of GDP) for the period of January-September 2026, compared to a surplus of pound 1,167.6 mn (3.0% of GDP) that was recorded during the period of January-September 2025.

Revenue

Total General Government revenue for the period January- September 2026, amounted to pound 12,091.8 mn, recording an increase of pound 737.9 mn or 6.5%, compared to pound 11,353.9 mn during the corresponding period of 2025.

The increase in total revenue was mainly driven by higher taxes on income and wealth, which reached pound 3,337.0 mn, increased by pound 442.2 mn (+15.3 %), compared to pound 2,894.8 mn in 2025.

At the same time, social contributions increased by pound 235.0 mn (+6.6%) and amounted to pound 3,778.0 compared to pound 3,543.0 mn in 2025. A significant increase was also recorded in taxes on production and imports, which amounted to pound 3,766.0 mn, increased by pound 251.5 mn (+7.2%) compared to pound 3,514.5 mn in 2025.

In particular, net Value added Tax (VAT) revenue, after the deduction of refunds, reached pound 2,638.6 mn, representing an increase of pound 293.1 mn (+12.5%) compared with pound 2,345.5 mn in 2025.

On the contrary, capital transfers decreased by pound 74.6 mn to pound 96.7 mn, from pound 171.3 mn in 2025.

Revenue from the sale of goods and services decreased by pound 7.6 mn (-1.0%) to pound 743.5 mn, compared with pound 751.1 mn in 2025. Furthermore, property income decreased by pound 37.0 mn (-28.6%) to pound 92.4 mn, from pound 129.4 mn in 2025.

Current transfers also decreased by pound 71.6mn (-20.5%) to pound 278.2mn, from pound 349.8mn during the corresponding period of the previous year.

Expenditure

Total General Government expenditure for the period January-September 2026 amounted to pound 10,482.1 million, recording an increase of pound 295.9 million, or 2.9%, compared with pound 10,186.2 million during the corresponding period of 2025.

More specifically, intermediate consumption increased by pound 114.3 mn (+11.0%) and amounted to pound 1,158.0 mn, compared to pound 1,043.7 mn in the corresponding period of 2025.

Compensation of employees, including imputed social contributions and pensions of civil servants, increased by pound 108.3 mn (+3.8%) to pound 2,987.8 mn, from pound 2,879.5 mn in 2025.

At the same time, social benefits recorded an increase of pound 199.6 mn (+4.9%) reaching pound 4,268.9 mn, compared with pound 4,069.3 mn during the same period of the previous year.

Interest payable also increased by pound 8.7 mn (+2.6%) and amounted to pound 340.7 mn, compared to pound 332.0 mn in 2025, while current transfers increased by pound 68.7 mn (+10.6%) to pound 714.7 mn, compared with pound 646.0 mn in 2025.

In contrast, expenditure under the capital account declined significantly, falling to pound 936.2 mn, from pound 1,126.1 mn in the corresponding period of 2025, representing a decrease of pound 189.9 mn (-16.9%).

In particular, gross fixed capital formation decreased by pound 94.1 mn (-12.1%) to pound 686.4 mn, from pound 780.5 mn in 2025 and other capital expenditure decreased by pound 95.8 mn (-27.7%) to pound 249.8 mn, from pound 345.6 mn in the previous year.

Furthermore, subsidies declined by pound 13.9 mn (-15.5%) amounting to pound 75.8 mn, from pound 89.7 mn during the corresponding period of 2025.

Schools may reopen during LGU class suspensions under new Marcos order

Schools will be allowed to resume in-person classes even while a mayor’s or governor’s class suspension is still in force, under an executive order signed by President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. that updates rules on calling off classes during disasters.

Executive Order 130, signed on October 28 and originally proposed by the Department of Education (DepEd), lets a school reopen earlier than a city- or province-wide suspension if an assessment shows its campus is safe and accessible, and the local chief executive concurs.

The new order replaces Executive Order 66 of 2012, signed under former President Benigno Aquino III.

The order recognizes a need to “rationalize and harmonize” the different rules governing the suspension of in-person classes and on-site government work.

EO 130 covers all public and private schools and learning centers, including colleges and technical-vocational schools.

What is new

EO 130 spells out three kinds of suspensions:

Automatic suspensions, triggered without “need of further declaration,” upon the issuance of a warning, alert level or forecast by PAGASA, PHIVOLCS, and other relevant government agencies. These are based on “prescribed technical thresholds” to be detailed in later guidelines.

Localized suspensions, which can be decided by the local chief executive in the absence of an applicable automatic suspension, based on local risk assessments.

Granular suspensions, which are suspensions called by the school itself in the absence of the first two kinds. This is done “in coordination” with the local chief executive and upon the “determination” of an actual or imminent threat to the safety, health or welfare of students and personnel. DepEd gave public school heads similar authority in 2024.

The executive order stated that schools can also, in turn, decide to resume classes on their own during a local suspension with a documented site assessment and the concurrence of the mayor or governor.

This option applies only to localized suspensions declared by local officials, not to those triggered automatically by hazard warnings.

Local chief executives also must now name the areas a suspension covers, down to barangays and, where practicable, individual schools, and state how long it will last.

They are to consult barangay captains, the schools division superintendent and private school heads as needed.

Classes resume once a suspension lapses or a warning is lifted, downgraded or expires, but only after required safety inspections.

The order also states that suspending in-person classes “shall not automatically suspend learning.”

Schools must shift to alternative delivery where feasible, and staff to alternative work arrangements.

The order no longer spells out which grade levels are to suspend in-person instruction under each storm signal. Previously, EO 66 called off preschool under Signal No. 1, classes up to high school under Signal No. 2, and all levels and government work under Signal No. 3 or higher.

Those thresholds will instead be set in guidelines that DepEd must issue within 30 days of the order taking effect.

Book on Azerbaijan’s Karabakh victory highlights strategic importance of Hadrut and Shusha battles

The battles for Hadrut and Shusha during Azerbaijan’s 44-day Patriotic War demonstrate how special operations forces, mountain warfare, tactical manoeuvres and modern military technologies contributed to the country’s victory, according to The War for Karabakh: Strategy, Technology, and Victory, a book by American military experts Liam Collins and John Spencer.

The publication examines Azerbaijan’s military operations in 2020, highlighting the combination of strategic planning, operational flexibility, ground forces and technological capabilities that shaped the course of the war.

The Hadrut operation, examined in detail by Collins and Spencer in their military research, illustrates the importance of controlling elevated terrain and coordinating different military formations. Hadrut’s strategic position, surrounded by mountains, narrow roads and commanding heights, made its capture a significant operational objective.

Azerbaijan organized a joint task force comprising special forces, commando units, mechanized infantry, motorized infantry, artillery, engineers and communications units. Azerbaijani special forces advanced through valleys and mountain routes, while supporting formations secured the flanks and provided firepower.

The research also highlights tactical deception, including the use of sound devices to reproduce gunfire across the town and influence the defenders’ assessment of the attacking forces. UAV surveillance and precision strikes provided additional support for ground operations.

The battle for Shusha represents another important case study in the book’s broader examination of Azerbaijan’s military strategy. Located at an elevation of approximately 1,400 to 1,800 metres, the city occupied a strategically significant position among steep cliffs and mountainous terrain.

Azerbaijani special operations forces approached through rugged forests and narrow mountain passes before conducting a difficult infiltration along the southeastern cliffs. According to Spencer’s study of the battle, approximately 400 Azerbaijani special forces personnel, organized into four groups, used ropes and climbing equipment to scale the cliffs and reach positions behind the main defensive lines.

The subsequent fighting, conducted between November 6 and 9, involved close-quarter engagements, building-clearing operations and coordinated infantry operations supported by artillery and UAV reconnaissance.

The Hadrut and Shusha operations illustrate several central themes explored in The War for Karabakh: Strategy, Technology, and Victory: the importance of trained personnel, detailed preparation, terrain awareness, tactical deception and coordination between military branches.

Together, these battles demonstrate how Azerbaijan combined human capabilities, operational planning and modern technology to achieve its military objectives during the 44-day war. They also provide important examples of the changing character of modern warfare and the strategic value of special operations forces.

Troops kill two kidnappers, recover AK-47 rifles in Kogi follow-up operation

Troops of the Nigerian Army have killed two suspected kidnappers and recovered two AK-47 rifles as well as thousands of ammunitions in operations conducted in Edimogbo Forest, Igalamela-Odolu Local Government Area of Kogi State.

The operation was a follow-up offensive against fleeing criminals, the Acting Assistant Director, Army Public Relations, 12 Composite Brigade, Lt. Hassan Abdullahi, disclosed this in a statement on Tuesday in Lokoja.

Abdullahi said the operation followed a successful raid on a suspected kidnappers’ hideout in the same forest on Monday.

The troops had dismantled the camp during Monday’s operation, recovering about 1,000 rounds of ammunition and six motorcycles.

He said troops sustained their exploitation of the forest on Tuesday to track fleeing suspects, clear remaining hideouts and restrict criminals’ movements.

‘During the follow-up operation, troops again made contact with the fleeing criminal elements and engaged them, forcing the suspects to withdraw.

‘The encounter resulted in the neutralisation of two kidnappers, while others fled into the surrounding forest,’ he said.

Abdullahi said a subsequent search of the area led to the recovery of two AK-47 rifles and seven magazines.

Other recovered items included 438 rounds of 7.62mm x 54 ammunition and 4,725 rounds of 7.62mm special ammunition.

The troops also recovered two bandoliers, two mobile phones and one power bank.

He said the operation further consolidated the gains of Monday’s raid and demonstrated the Brigade’s determination to sustain pressure on criminal elements.

Abdullahi added that troops continued to dominate the area, maintaining high morale and fighting efficiency.

He reassured Kogi residents of the Army’s commitment to sustaining operations against criminal elements and protecting lives and property.

He said the military remained committed to restoring lasting peace across the state.

Tokong, Alciso bow out at Cloud 9

Filipino wildcards John Mark ‘Marama’ Tokong and Jayuard Alciso gave the home crowd something to cheer about but saw their campaigns come to an end in the World Surf League (WSL) Championship Tour Philippines Pro at Cloud 9 yesterday.

Tokong bowed to Australian world No. 7 Ethan Ewing, while Alciso suffered a setback against familiar rival Kanoa Igarashi of Japan.

Fresh from a memorable win in his previous heat, the Siargao native known as the ‘King of Cloud 9’ tried to keep his momentum going but found himself up against a tough opponent in Ewing.

Tokong came away with 11.54 points, short of Ewing’s 14.50, as the Australian moved on to the next round of the prestigious event presented by the Philippine Sports Commission, with the support of Surigao del Norte Gov. Robert Lyndon Barbers, General Luna Mayor Johnson Sajulga and Vice Mayor Romina Sajulga.

‘I was really happy with my performance in that heat. I felt relaxed and just focused on choosing the right waves. But the conditions yesterday and today were different. The wind picked up, and I tried to stay busy, catch more waves and go for aerials, but unfortunately, I couldn’t land them,’ Tokong said.

Alciso came close to making a late charge against Igarashi but ran out of time to turn the heat around. He managed just 4.17 points on his final wave as the 30-minute heat came to a close for 11.84 total, leaving him short of Igarashi’s 12.90 tally.