President says he is optimistic, messages are positive for Cyprus issue

President of the Republic Nikos Christodoulides expressed on Wednesday his optimism about the developments in the Cyprus issue, saying that the messages so far are positive.

He was replying to questions by journalists on his arrival at the event for the inauguration of the offices of the ?Cyprus Confederation of Organisations of Persons with Disabilities, in Nicosia.

Asked if he was optimistic, he said “yes, I am optimistic. I had an exchange of messages with Holguin (UNSG’s Personal Envoy for Cyprus) but we are awaiting the official announcements. The messages so far are positive and I hope that when we are at the stage for the announcements, these will be transformed into concrete announcements”.

Invited to say if there is anything on the Turkish side that indicates that the process is progressing, the President said that he does not want to comment on what is happening with Turkey and noted that Holguin has already publicly referred today to messages from the Turkish side.

“We are ready, I repeat, to have positive announcements, which will pave the way for an expanded conference with the aim of announcing the resumption of the talks from where they were interrupted,” the President concluded.

Cyprus has been divided since 1974, when Turkey invaded and occupied its northern third. Repeated rounds of UN-led peace talks have so far failed to yield results due to Turkish intransigence. The latest round of negotiations, in July 2017 at the Swiss resort of Crans-Montana ended inconclusively.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, whose term nears its end, announced he would convene another meeting in broader format, after adequate preparation, but gave no timeline. He secured to that end the consensus of both sides and of the guarantor powers. María Angela Holguín, Guterres’ Personal Envoy on Cyprus, is tasked to engage with the parties. Executive Vice-President Raffaele Fitto acts as the European Commission’s Special Representative for Cyprus, succeeding EU special envoy Johannes Hahn.

US technology companies eye Azerbaijan for AI infrastructure and data centre investments

American technology companies are showing growing interest in investing in Azerbaijan’s data centres and artificial intelligence infrastructure, according to Matthew Bryza, a former US Ambassador to Azerbaijan and member of the Board of Directors of the Jamestown Foundation.

Speaking to Azerbaijani local media outlet, AZERTAC, Bryza, who is also a partner at the US private equity firm Abbott Capital, said the interest had become particularly evident during the recent Azerbaijan Investment Forum.

He noted that his discussions with Azerbaijani government representatives, American companies, potential investors and business partners had highlighted opportunities for epanding US investment in the country’s technology sector.

‘Azerbaijan has a particularly favorable geographical position in terms of the location of data centers and other infrastructure related to artificial intelligence. Because the country is close to Central Asia, which is a large and rapidly developing market. The closer the infrastructure, especially data centers, are located to the market, the lower the latency in data transmission. As a result, the productivity and efficiency of data connections increase.

“At the same time, Azerbaijan is also a convenient place for processing data coming from Central Asia and transferring it to European markets. Investors and the Azerbaijani authorities still need to conduct a number of discussions to determine whether such investments will be economically viable. However, this is undoubtedly a promising area, especially given the opportunities of the Alat Free Economic Zone,” Bryza said.

The former ambassador also identified mining as another non-oil sector with considerable investment potential.

He pointed to the activities of Anglo Asian Mining PLC, which has operated in Azerbaijan for several decades and is developing copper mining projects in the country.

“In particular, the Anglo Asian Mining PLC company, which has been operating in Azerbaijan for several decades, has quite promising projects in the field of copper mining in the country. The company is also considering similar investment opportunities in Armenia,” he noted.

Bryza also highlighted opportunities in Azerbaijan’s processing and industrial manufacturing sectors, particularly through the Alat Free Economic Zone.

According to him, Abbott Capital Management would be interested in facilitating connections between potential American investors and businesses operating within the economic zone.

He further emphasised the potential for stronger cooperation between US venture capital and private equity funds and Azerbaijani startups.

“I believe that US venture capital and private equity funds, like my company, can strengthen cooperation with Azerbaijani startups. In this process, individuals like me and companies like Abbott Capital can play a mediator role. We see Azerbaijan as a developing regional actor with strategic and investment interests in a wide geography. We are talking about a geography that etends from Azerbaijan to Central Asia through the Caspian Sea, and in the other direction through Armenia and Georgia to Turkey and Europe, as well as to the Middle East region, especially including Syria, in the south. Investment events such as the Azerbaijan Investment Forum that I mentioned are also of great importance in establishing relations between investors and partners in Azerbaijan,” Bryza said.

The former diplomat also drew attention to the potential of digital technologies to improve logistics operations along the Middle Corridor, which connects Asia and Europe through the Caspian region.

He noted that digital solutions developed in the United States and other countries could help simplify documentation procedures and improve the efficiency of cross-border cargo transportation.

‘These solutions include electronic or digital bills of lading, as well as a number of other documents that can ensure a more seamless movement of goods and services transported to and through the territory of Azerbaijan,’ Bryza added.

Kazakhstan plans potential wheat supplies to Israel via Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan’s national company “Prodcorporation” is eploring the possibility of supplying up to 500,000 tons of food-grade wheat to Israel via Azerbaijan and Georgia.

According to Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture, the announcement was made by Samat Tenbayev, Deputy Chairman of the Management Board of Prodcorporation, during a meeting of the Kazakhstan-Israel Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation in Jerusalem.

Tenbayev noted that Kazakhstan is steadily strengthening its position in the international agricultural market by epanding the geographical reach of its agricultural eports. Currently, the country eports agricultural products to more than 80 countries worldwide, with particular focus on developing trade relations with Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

This year’s high crop yields have created additional opportunities to epand grain eports. Kazakhstan has substantial volumes of food-grade wheat with high protein and gluten content, which is in demand on international markets and of interest to Israeli processing facilities.

“Taking into account the needs of the Israeli market, Prodcorporation is ready to consider the possibility of concluding long-term contracts for the supply of 200,000 to 500,000 tons of food-grade wheat and other agricultural products,” Tenbayev said.

At the same time, logistics remains one of the key challenges to further epanding eports. As potential routes for delivering Kazakh products to Israeli partners, the company proposed considering the transport corridor passing through Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as alternative routes via Baltic Sea ports.

The potential for cooperation is underpinned by the size of Israel’s grain market. The country imports more than 2 million tons of wheat annually.

Carbacid holds dividend as net profit hits Sh1.1bn

Carbacid Investments has maintained a Sh2 dividend per share after posting a 12.2 percent growth in net profit to Sh1.13 billion in the year ended July 2026, helped by gains from its investments in equities.

The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)-listed carbon dioxide manufacturer will pay shareholders Sh509.7 million in dividends, matching last year’s payout that came on the back of net earnings rising from Sh1 billion.

Carbacid said on Wednesday the dividend will be paid on or around December 17 to shareholders on record as of November 27.

Top shareholder Baloobhai Patel, who holds a 49.9 percent stake in Carbacid through Aksaya Investment Holdings Limited, a private investment and holding company, is in line for Sh254.34 million gross dividends.

Carbacid’s profit growth was supported by a Sh266.4 million gain from the revaluation of equity investments, more than double the Sh121.2 million recorded in the previous year.

‘Gains from the company’s investment in Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) and Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) equities positively affected the company’s financial results,’ said Carbacid.

The company said it realised gains of Sh67 million from its NSE-listed shares, while investments in equities at the DSE generated an unrealised gain of Sh199 million.

Carbacid is an investment and holding company with three subsidiaries. The principal activities of the main subsidiary, Carbacid Limited, are mining, processing and marketing of natural carbon dioxide gas.

Its other two subsidiaries, Goodison Twenty-Nine Limited and Goodison Forty Seven Limited, are investment companies.

The gains from investment in equities cushioned the impact of a relatively flat performance in its core carbon dioxide business, where turnover rose by 0.6 percent to Sh2.11 billion from Sh2.09 billion.

Carbacid said competitive pricing and changes in market mix limited its revenue growth despite having increased sales volumes by acquiring new customers and growing purchases from existing clients in East and Southern Africa.

The firm, whose carbon dioxide is mostly used by manufacturers of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, has been expanding its customer base across regional markets as it seeks to grow sales beyond Kenya.

Operating profit remained unchanged at Sh1.35 billion, compared with Sh1.35 billion a year earlier, while administrative expenses rose 8.4 percent to Sh477 million.

The company said transport and other related expenses increased following geopolitical tensions that prolonged shipping lead times and raised freight costs. During the review period, diesel, which is one of its key inputs, rose by more than 20 percent.

Carbacid’s operating cash flow, however, declined 14.2 percent to Sh789.8 million from Sh920.2 million, reflecting weaker cash generation despite the growth in reported profits.

The company’s cash holdings more than doubled to Sh255.3 million from Sh118.6 million, supported by lower investment spending during the year.

Carbacid also reduced its outstanding borrowings to Sh382.3 million from Sh500.6 million, strengthening its balance sheet.

The group’s three-year strategy to 2028 is focused on customer retention in core regional markets and expansion to other markets.

In 2020, the company made an offer to acquire the shares of BOC Kenya, an industrial and medical gas manufacturer that is also listed on the NSE.

However, the proposed transaction was held up for nearly five years by an appeal filed by a BOC shareholder before the Capital Markets Authority Tribunal. The appeal was dismissed for lack of merit on August 29, 2024.

The dismissal of the appeal lifted the suspension of the Carbacid offer, giving it room to complete the transaction. However, Carbacid decided to abandon the proposed transaction, citing changes in circumstances.

Azerbaijan, Jordan discuss new flights and simplified visa procedures to boost tourism

Azerbaijan and Jordan have discussed expanding air connectivity, simplifying visa procedures and strengthening bilateral tourism cooperation, according to Azerbaijan’s State Tourism Agency.

The discussions took place during a visit to Amman, where the Azerbaijan Tourism Board (ATB), operating under the State Tourism Agency, organised the “Experience Azerbaijan B2B Networking Event” on November 2.

The event brought together 66 tourism industry representatives from 48 companies, aiming to promote Azerbaijan as a travel destination and strengthen business relations between tourism companies in the two countries.

Florian Sengstschmid, Chairman of the Azerbaijan Tourism Board, and Shahin Abdullayev, Azerbaijan’s Ambassador to Jordan, attended the gathering.

During the event, participants were introduced to Azerbaijan’s year-round tourism opportunities, including destinations such as Baku, Gabala, Guba, Gusar and Sheki.

Presentations highlighted the country’s potential for family holidays, luxury tourism, nature and adventure travel, winter recreation, cultural tourism, gastronomy, wellness and halal-friendly tourism services.

Business-to-business meetings were also organised between representatives of three Azerbaijani companies, including Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL), and tourism industry representatives from Jordan.

The meetings focused on identifying potential areas of cooperation, establishing direct business contacts and exploring new commercial opportunities in the tourism sector.

As part of the visit, Sengstschmid held a separate meeting with Ramzi Al-Maaytah, Chief Executive Officer of the Jordan Tourism Board.

The two officials discussed existing air services between Azerbaijan and Jordan, opportunities to simplify visa procedures and the possibility of establishing additional flight connections.

Currently, air connectivity between the two countries is supported primarily by weekly charter flights operated by AZAL and Fly Jordan, particularly during the summer tourism season.

Chinese carmakers ride on sales to double Kenya market share

Chinese manufacturers more than doubled their share of Kenya’s new vehicle market in nine months to September 2026, riding on a jump in sales of trucks on increased government payments to road contractors.

Sales of Chinese brands rose 152 percent to 1,847 vehicles in the nine-month period from 733 in a similar period last year, data from the Kenya Motor Industry Association (KMI) show.

The growth was more than five times compared with 27 percent expansion in domestic showroom vehicle sales to 12,606 units from 9,924 in the corresponding period last year, with easing lending rates also helping revive demand for commercial units.

The rapid expansion lifted the share of Chinese brands in locally sold new vehicles to 14.65 percent from 7.39 percent, meaning they accounted for nearly one in every seven new vehicles purchased in Kenya.

The gains reflect an increasingly visible presence of Chinese manufacturers in a market traditionally dominated by Japanese, European and other established global vehicle brands.

Sinotruk, distributed locally by CFAO Mobility Kenya, accounted for the bulk of the expansion, with sales jumping 169.5 percent to 1,442 vehicles from 535.

The truckmaker contributed 907 of the additional 1,114 vehicles sold by Chinese brands, representing 81.4 percent of their combined sales growth.

This highlights the growing importance of commercial vehicles in the growing Chinese presence, with manufacturers seeking to tap demand from transporters, construction companies and businesses requiring trucks for cargo distribution.

The expansion, however, spread beyond heavy commercial vehicles, with passenger vehicle brands including BYD, Changan and Chery recording higher sales as more Chinese manufacturers establish themselves in Kenya’s showroom market.

BYD, also sold by CFAO Mobility Kenya, increased its sales to 54 vehicles from two, while Changan, represented by Inchcape Kenya, doubled deliveries to 73 from 36.

Chery Tiggo, whose deals are handled by Salvador Caetano, recorded 50 sales against none in the corresponding period last year, the KMI numbers show.

Foton, another Chinese commercial vehicle manufacturer distributed by Mobikey Truck and Bus, nearly doubled sales to 168 units from 88.

The figures suggest Chinese manufacturers are broadening their presence across different vehicle categories, rather than relying exclusively on the commercial truck segment to expand their market position.

Other brands also recorded mixed performances, with Great Wall Motors (GWM) increasing sales to 18 vehicles from eight, while JMC deliveries rose to 21 from 15. However, Haval, distributed by Crown Motors, recorded a sharp slide to four vehicles from 31, while Beiben sales dipped marginally to 17 from 18.

Despite the uneven performance among individual manufacturers, the combined figures show Chinese brands gaining ground considerably faster than the wider market.

Their expansion comes as competition in Kenya’s vehicle market increasingly revolves around purchase prices, vehicle specifications, financing options and the availability of spare parts and after-sales support.

The growing presence of Chinese manufacturers highlights the intense competitive pressure facing established distributors such as Isuzu, particularly in commercial vehicles, where acquisition costs and operating expenses drive purchasing decisions.

The passenger vehicle segment presents another potential growth frontier, particularly as manufacturers such as BYD seek to establish themselves through electric and hybrid vehicle offerings.

However, the KMI figures do not break down sales by engine technology, meaning the extent to which electric vehicles are contributing to the increase cannot be established from the available data.

The growth in purchases of Chinese vehicle brands coincided with a recovery in the showroom vehicle market, supported by renewed road construction activity and improving access to credit for businesses seeking to acquire trucks and other capital equipment.

Isuzu East Africa, the market leader, has attributed the industry’s expansion this year largely to the government’s mobilisation of Sh139 billion to settle contractors’ bills and restart stalled road projects.

“Industry performance was primarily propelled by government fiscal intervention-specifically the mobilization of Sh139 billion to clear contractor bills and restart road projects, which spurred heavy commercial vehicle demand,” Isuzu said in the KMI report for September.

The payments have eased cash-flow pressures on road contractors, some of whom had abandoned projects or faced the risk of losing vehicles and equipment financed through bank loans.

The State Department for Roads’ pending bills fell 23.5 percent to Sh98.17 billion in the financial year ended June, extending a decline from the Sh166.76 billion peak recorded in 2023/24.

The arrears declined by Sh30.19 billion in the latest financial year, following a Sh38.40 billion reduction in the previous year, according to the latest budgetary review report.

The recovery also came at a time bank borrowing costs were falling, potentially making it easier for businesses to finance trucks, delivery fleets and other vehicles used in their operations.

Central Bank of Kenya data shows the weighted average commercial lending rate fell to 14.34 percent in August 2026 from 15.17 percent a year earlier, extending a decline from the 17.22 percent peak recorded in November 2024.

The decline has potentially reduced the cost of servicing loans for businesses and individuals purchasing vehicles through bank financing and asset-finance arrangements.

Iran sees new strategic threat in Trump’s South Caucasus project

On November 2nd, Armenia’s prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, told parliament that his government would soon start commissioning designs for the railway, highway and power lines of the Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity, or TRIPP. Parliament had voted on the ratification days earlier. Deputy prime minister Mher Grigoryan went further: delimitation of the border in Syunik, the southern province the route will cross, might be carried out in an “etraordinary” fashion, ahead of the eisting schedule, so that the infrastructure can proceed. Pashinyan’s own framing was characteristically grand. We all recognize the project’s effectiveness in ending a blockade that has lasted over 30 years.

But one neighbour was not celebrating the idea, as always. The ambassador of Iran in Yerevan, Khalil Shirgolami, said to the press that Tehran recognizes the sovereignty of Armenia but epects above all that there should not be any foreign military forces stationed on the Armenian-Iranian border, nor any threat of Iran coming out of it. Armenian authorities have assured him. However, Tehran seems to need more than assurances.

The shortest border, with the longest worry

The Armenia-Iran border spans just 44km, following the Aras River in the Syunik region. The border is the shortest land border of Iran, and as described by its strategists, is its lifeline to the north – the only direct passage to the South Caucasus, Russia, and further on to Europe. The goods pass across the border checkpoint of Agarak and Norduz, and there have been improvements made in their bridge capacities. Armenia and Iran traded approimately $104.8 million worth of goods in the first two months of 2026, an increase of 6% from the previous year.

It is clear for Tehran that this is more than an issue with lines in maps. TRIPP is a highway and railway that is going to pass close to the Iranian border and will be run by Americans in great numbers; the ambassador has cited plans according to which American companies are to have 74 percent share in management of the corridor. For Iranian strategists, this situation is nothing less than encirclement, despite all assurances of its non-military nature. It is all made worse by the war; the United States and Israel have launched attacks on Iran since February, and Mr Shirgolami has cited them while elaborating his point of view. Well in that point of view, it could easily be said that, perhaps, as tensions around the Strait of Hormuz continue, Iran views the South Caucasus as the net chokepoint.

This ambition appears to be more limited than obstruction. Iran is not interested in obstructing the route but in shaping it. He mentioned that technical details are being discussed and that the central issue is the modalities that can ensure that TRIPP is implemented in such a way that guarantees Armenian sovereignty, does not allow for any corridor outside Armenia, and ecludes the use of foreign military. He even proposed a special format of negotiations with Yerevan that will make it possible to settle any dispute quickly. In September, he indicated that the best option to address US concerns was an institutional mechanism. According to President Masoud Pezeshkian, who reportedly spoke to Pashinyan in July, “etra-regional powers” should not meddle in Armenian-Iranian affairs.

The tone has varied. A hardline adviser to the Supreme Leader, Ali Akbar Velayati, said last year that the route would become a “graveyard” for Trump’s “mercenaries”. The ambassador’s language is gentler, but the aim is the same: to etract, from Armenia, binding rules that outlast political promises. That is a sensible negotiating position. Iran cannot veto the project, and it cannot afford to alienate a government with a fresh electoral mandate. Its leverage lies in being the neighbour Armenia cannot ignore.

Lines and contest of the maps

Where Tehran’s concerns seem to cross into overreach is on delimitation. As presented by Baku in Azerbaijani commentary, the reason delimiting the Armenian-Azerbaijani border is of no consequence for the Armenian-Iranian border. Delimitation is a legal eercise and an effort to delineate a pre-eisting boundary between two states. The sequence of actions follows a north-south line and comes to a stop at the point of connection between the Armenian-Azerbaijani and Iranian borders. It involves no changes to land ownership and poses no threat to anyone. On the contrary, the eercise helps reduce uncertainty for all parties involved.

This eplanation is valid, as far as it goes; however, it does not resolve the political concern raised by Mher Grigoryan. Linking the delimitation with the construction of TRIPP and increasing the pace at which it is conducted imbues this process with new political dimensions. First of all, the pipeline goes through the border area and, therefore, the regulatory mechanism behind it, including security measures, becomes important for many years to come. Baku can insist on the irrationality of the fear of delimitation by Tehran and still recognize the need to address the project net to it.

Every party has a reason to be wary. For Azerbaijan and Trkiye, it is the constant connection between the mainland and Nakhchivan, and through Anatolia. For Armenia, it is the chance to leave the isolation zone and receive additional routes for trade and transportation. For the US, it is the possibility of having a strong influence in the region it has long neglected. For Iran, its role as a transit gateway to the south in the region and its Aras corridor, which would also connect Azerbaijan with Nakhchivan, would become weaker.

Whether TRIPP brings peace or ignites fire in the South Caucasus depends on how these interests can be reconciled. But the way to achieve this is clear: adopt the rules for implementation of the project, make it impossible for foreign countries to deploy their military forces within the region by writing it down in the documents of the project, and establish the permanent consultation channel between Armenia and Iran that Tehran asks for. It is not a costly option; however, viewing Yerevan as a sort of tributary state or third-degree country will not resolve anything, as this aniety persists. The alternative, a road built over an ally’s objections, in a region where a larger war is already burning, costs a good deal more.

Istanbul hosts 6th Korkut Ata Turkic World Film Festival [PHOTOS]

The opening ceremony of the 6th Korkut Ata Turkic World Film Festival has been held in Istanbul, Trkiye, bringing together filmmakers, cultural officials and representatives of the film industry from across the Turkic world.

The ceremony was attended by TURKSOY Secretary-General Sultan Raev, representatives of the culture ministries of Turkic states, film producers, members of the cinema community and media representatives.

Speakers at the opening ceremony highlighted how the shared history and spiritual heritage of Turkic nations are also reflected in cinema. The festival’s main programme was announced, and members of the international jury were introduced.

The ceremony concluded with a screening of Aytmatov, a film by Kyrgyz director Kanybek Kalmatov.

Running until November 7, the festival features several Azerbaijani productions in its competition programme. These include Taghiyev: The School in the feature film category, Azykh Cave in the documentary category and May You Live as Long as the Land in the short fiction film category.

In addition, two Azerbaijani films will be screened outside the competition programme: the feature film In a Southern City and the documentary 100 Years of the Baku Turkological Congress.

A total of 56 films from 10 countries and 10 autonomous republics will be presented during the festival. The event is expected to welcome 150 international guests and 300 local film industry professionals.

Azerbaijan is represented by a 20-member delegation comprising filmmakers and representatives of the Cinema Agency operating under the Ministry of Culture.

Established in 2021 by Trkiye’s Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the festival aims to showcase the shared cultural heritage of Turkic-speaking countries and peoples to international audiences through cinema.

Meta, TikTok, X to face mandatory illegal online activity reports in Kenya

Social media firms, including Meta, TikTok and X, will be required to file reports on illegal activities on their platforms with the Kenyan government, as part of proposed changes aimed at holding tech giants accountable under domestic laws.

A new proposal by the ICT ministry seeks to introduce a requirement for content-sharing apps and other online platforms operating in the country to report activities such as sexual exploitation, cyberbullying and impersonation to the Communications Authority of Kenya (CA).

This brings social media giants under tighter scrutiny as the government seeks to hold platforms serving Kenyan users accountable under local laws, even when their operators are foreign-based.

‘Insert a new section 85C in the principal Act to provide for the regulation of digital platforms. The proposed section requires a provider to… report unlawful activity and the remedial steps taken, and comply with the relevant laws of Kenya,’ reads the Kenya Information and Communication Amendment Bill 2026.

‘The proposed section is intended to protect users in Kenya, enhance online safety and ensure that providers delivering services to users in Kenya are accountable under Kenyan law.’

The Bill defines a digital platform as ‘an online environment that facilitates interactions, transactions and content sharing among users,’ while a provider is a person who operates such a platform.

The proposed new section in the Kenya Information and Communications Act will require platform operators to notify the CA of their particulars and the services offered.

The regulator would be required to maintain a register of digital platforms used by Kenyans, receive and facilitate the resolution of user complaints, and monitor compliance among platform providers.

Providers like Meta, which owns WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram, would be required to ensure the availability and safety of their platforms and publish the policies and terms governing their use.

‘The proposed section requires a provider to ensure the availability and safety of its service, publish the policies, terms and conditions governing the use of its service, establish a complaint redress mechanism,’ the Bill states.

Some illegal online activities under Kenya’s Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act include cyberbullying and harassment, offences that attract fines of up to Sh20 million or imprisonment.

Most social media platforms also prohibit sexual exploitation, human trafficking, abuse of children and adults, harassment, and doxing – publishing someone’s private information online without their consent.

Other activities that could fall under the regime include digital piracy involving the unauthorised sharing of copyrighted films, electronic newspapers, music, software and subscription codes, as well as identity theft, impersonation, cyber fraud, phishing campaigns and the sharing of terrorist or extremist content.

Some platforms, including TikTok, already publish periodic transparency reports detailing the number of videos removed and accounts suspended for violating their terms of service.

The proposed law would, however, create a statutory obligation to report such activity and the remedial action taken to the CA.

Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, China’s TikTok and X, owned by the world’s richest man, Elon Musk, are among the most widely used social media platforms in Kenya.

The government has previously considered requiring social media companies to establish local offices to improve oversight of their operations, although this requirement is absent from the latest Bill.

Google, the owner of YouTube, and Microsoft, which owns LinkedIn, have physical offices in Nairobi.

In 2023, TikTok agreed to establish a Nairobi office following pressure from Parliament over concerns about explicit content on the platform.

Cybersecurity is every firm’s brand protection necessity

For many businesses, brand protection is still understood mainly as a legal or marketing function: register the trademark, protect the logo and respond when counterfeit products appear. Those steps matter, but they are no longer enough.

As businesses rely on digital platforms to sell products, communicate with customers, manage suppliers and verify authenticity, cybersecurity has become essential to protecting the brand itself.

A brand is not simply a name, a logo or a campaign. It is a promise that customers choose to trust. That promise can be undermined when a fake website impersonates a company, a social media account advertises a fraudulent promotion, customer data is exposed, or an attacker gains access to systems used to manage orders and product information.

The immediate incident may be technical, but its consequences are commercial: lost sales, customer anxiety, operational disruption and reputational damage.

The connection is especially important in markets where businesses are expanding their digital presence quickly. E-commerce, mobile payments, social commerce and online customer service create valuable opportunities for growth. They also create more places where a brand can be impersonated or exploited.

A customer who pays through a fake page or follows instructions from a fraudulent account may not distinguish between the criminal and the legitimate business. In the customer’s mind, the experience is associated with the brand being copied.

Cybersecurity and brand protection are related, but they are not identical. Cybersecurity helps protect systems, accounts, networks and information from unauthorised access or disruption. Brand protection helps businesses defend the identity, authenticity and reputation attached to their products and services.

In practice, the two functions overlap. An account takeover can become a brand impersonation incident. A data breach can weaken customer confidence. Compromised product or distribution records can complicate an investigation into suspected counterfeits.

Five ways businesses can connect cybersecurity with brand protection

Secure the digital identity of the business

Official websites, email domains, social media accounts and customer-service channels should be documented and actively managed.

Businesses should:

Enable multi-factor authentication wherever it is available.

Limit administrative access to people who need it.

Remove access promptly when employees or contractors change roles.

Secure account recovery email addresses and phone numbers.

Make official websites and customer-service channels easy for customers to identify.

These controls can make it harder for attackers to hijack a trusted channel and use it to mislead customers.

Protect customers and the information they share

Businesses should collect only the data they need, restrict who can access it, keep software updated and ensure staff understand how to handle sensitive information.

Employees should be able to recognise suspicious links, unexpected payment instructions, impersonation attempts and requests that create artificial urgency.

Training is most effective when it is repeated and practical, rather than treated as a once-a-year compliance exercise. Customers should also have clear ways to verify unusual requests before sharing information or making payments. 3. Establish a clear response to impersonation

Companies need a clear way to identify and respond to impersonation. This includes monitoring for lookalike websites and social accounts, fake promotions, suspicious marketplace listings and messages that claim to represent the business.

A report from a customer or retailer should not disappear into an inbox. Businesses should:

Assign responsibility for assessing reports.

Preserve screenshots, URLs, timestamps and relevant records.

Verify the facts before taking action.

Establish escalation routes for platform reporting, legal advice and law-enforcement referrals where appropriate.

Avoid making public accusations before the evidence has been assessed.

A documented response process helps businesses move from simply discovering suspicious activity to investigating it consistently and deciding what action is justified.

Connect cybersecurity to product authenticity and supply-chain controls

Digital records can help businesses understand which suppliers are authorised, where batches were dispatched and how products moved through distribution.

Authentication tools and verification channels can help customers check products, while monitoring can flag unusual patterns for further review.

However, no single technology is a complete defence. A QR code can be copied, an account can be compromised, and an alert can have an innocent explanation.

Tools work best when supported by reliable data, clear processes and human investigation.

Make brand and cyber risk a leadership responsibility

Leadership teams should treat cyber and brand risks as business risks, not issues to be left entirely to the IT department.

Marketing, customer care, legal, operations, procurement and technology teams should know who is responsible when an incident affects customers or the company’s identity.

A response plan should specify who makes decisions, how evidence is preserved, when customers are informed and how the business returns to normal operations. Periodic exercises can reveal gaps before a real incident exposes them.

Cybersecurity awareness must continue beyond October

Cybersecurity Awareness Month offers a useful prompt, but the work cannot be confined to October.

Businesses should review account access, update systems, check backup and recovery arrangements, educate employees and make it easy for customers to find official communication channels.

They should also explain how customers can report suspicious activity and what a legitimate verification process looks like.

Where should a growing business start?

For small businesses and growing brands, the starting point need not be complicated or expensive.

Begin with these five actions:

Secure your public identity. Protect the accounts, domains and channels customers rely on to identify your business.

Strengthen access controls. Enable multi-factor authentication and verify unusual requests through a separate channel.

Keep records organised. Maintain reliable supplier, product and distribution records.

Monitor relevant online channels. Pay attention to the platforms where customers discover and buy from you.

Assign responsibility for incidents. Decide in advance who will respond if a fake account, suspicious product or possible data incident is reported.

No business can eliminate every cyber threat or counterfeit risk. What it can do is reduce avoidable weaknesses, recognise warning signs earlier and respond in a way that is timely, evidence-led and respectful of customers.

That is how cybersecurity becomes more than a technical safeguard: it becomes part of the organisation’s promise to the people who trust it.

A brand is built over time through the quality of its products, the reliability of its service and the confidence it earns from customers. In a digital economy, that confidence also depends on whether people can trust the channels, accounts and information associated with the business.