Middle East Bank sued for failing to transfer Sh195 million land to buyer

Middle East Bank Kenya has been sued for failing to transfer a piece of land to a buyer from whom it had received the full transaction price of Sh195.2 million.

Hussein Alibhai Pirbhai and his firm Tranquility Holdings Limited filed an application at Nairobi’s Environment and Land Court seeking to compel the bank to complete the land sale.

In response, the bank sought to have the case dismissed on grounds that the court did not have jurisdiction to resolve the dispute.

The lender argued that it is the High Court that should hear the matter. The Environment and Land Court, however, rejected the bank’s argument, stating that the dispute lies in its domain.

‘In applying the predominant purpose test, it is clear that the intention of the contract in the present case was the sale and purchase of land, which will govern the ownership, occupation and title to the suit land, exactly what this court was designed to hear and determine,’ the court ruled.

‘From the above, I find the notice of motion dated November 25, 2025 misplaced and misconceived. The same lacks merit and it is thus dismissed with costs to the plaintiffs/respondents,’ the court said in the decision issued on February 5, 2026.

Mr Pirbhai told the court that he bought the land in an auction conducted on November 21, 2023, paying a 10 percent deposit amounting to Sh19.5 million and signing a sale agreement with the bank on the same date.

He subsequently instructed Tranquility Holdings on February 20, 2024, to remit the balance of Sh175,750,330 to the bank, which had communicated that the transfer documents were ready for completion.

Mr Pirbhai said he fully discharged all obligations as the purchaser by paying the total of Sh195.2 million, which was the highest successful bid in the auction.

The court heard that the bank did not inform the buyer that there was a pending suit at the High Court that prohibited completion of the sale of the land.

The bank won the High Court case on July 31, 2025 but still failed to transfer the land to Mr Pirbhai.

‘The said (High Court) suit was dismissed on 31st July, 2025 thereby allowing parties to complete the transaction, but the defendant/applicant is yet to complete the sale and transfer the suit property to the 1st plaintiff/respondent,’ the court was told.

The court said that land disputes including on processes like sale and transfer fall within its ambit.

‘Thus, the suit herein arising out of a contract regarding the sale, ownership and title to and use of the suit land falls squarely within the jurisdiction of this court, contrary to the defendant/ applicant’s contention,” the judge said.

Weak revenue casts doubt on Safaricom Addis M-Pesa bet

An M-Pesa user in Ethiopia on average spends Sh0.50 a month in transaction fees, dimming the power of the mobile money service to grow Safaricom’s profits.

Investor disclosures for the nine months ended December 2025 show M-Pesa revenue in Ethiopia stood at measly Sh12.2 million, translating to a monthly average of about Sh1.4 million from the active 2.36 million users.

This translates to an average user revenue of 50 cents, paling in comparison to the Kenyan monthly average of Sh374.83 in the year to March 2025.

Safaricom had hoped to emulate the success of M-Pesa in Kenya to drive profits in Ethiopia when a consortium it led paid Addis Ababa $150 million (Sh19.4 billion) for the mobile money licence.

But instead of sending money to family and friends via M-Pesa, subscribers in Ethiopia are using the mobile money platform to buy data and airtime -services that don’t attract transaction fees.

‘M-Pesa users in Ethiopia are mainly buying airtime products and data. 20 percent of the sales (bundles and airtime) go through the M-Pesa channel initiated by self-top ups,’ said Wim Vanhelleputte, CEO of Safaricom Telecommunications Ethiopia PLC, in a past interview.

Safaricom has previously acknowledged that cash remains the default payment instrument in Ethiopia, especially for small-value transactions -the very segment that powered M-Pesa’s early success in Kenya.

‘Banking penetration in urban areas is relatively high but 99 percent of small value transactions are in cash,’ the Nairobi Securities Exchange-listed firm said in a past investor briefing.

Kenyans generate significant revenue for Safaricom by actively using the platform for daily financial transactions, including person-to-person transfers, Lipa na M-Pesa payments, agent withdrawals and digital financial products like Fuliza overdrafts.

During the year ended March 2025, M-Pesa in Kenya generated Sh161.1 billion in revenue supported by a base of 35.82 million monthly active customers, making the platform Safaricom’s single most important business.

Mobile money accounted for 44.2 percent of the telco’s total service revenue that stood at Sh364.3 billion during the year, cementing its position as the company’s primary earnings engine.

The M-Pesa revenue contribution dominance was followed by that of voice at 22.2 percent, data at 20 percent, while messaging services contributed 3.4 percent during the period. In 2010, when M-Pesa was three years old in Kenya as it is in Ethiopia now, the monthly revenue per user averaged Sh79.

In Ethiopia, M-Pesa contributed just 0.13 percent of the total service revenue of Sh9.7 billion for the nine months ended last December, highlighting a stark imbalance between customer adoption and monetisation.

Data revenues accounted for 66.97 percent of Ethiopia’s service revenue at Sh6.5 billion during the period under review, followed by voice and messaging revenues which contributed 21.99 percent and 1.2 percent respectively.

A 2021 report by the World Bank on financial inclusion and digital payments showed that cash in Ethiopia remains an overwhelmingly dominant payment method for the population, a sharp contrast to other markets in the region, including Kenya where non-cash payments have gained a foothold.

‘Most people still rely on cash to pay utility bills and receive payments. Almost all adults at 99 percent pay utility bills with cash, compared to 12 percent of people in Kenya and 59 percent in the region as a whole,’ the report noted.

Kenya’s M-Pesa scaled rapidly after its launch in 2007 by riding urban-to-rural remittance flows, as workers in cities sent money to relatives in villages.

Safaricom launched M-Pesa in Ethiopia in August 2023 as part of a phased rollout strategy prioritising scale before monetisation.

At the end of the first full month of operations, the platform had acquired 1.1 million customers and recorded transactions worth Sh43.7 billion. However, early revenues from the mobile money platform stood at just Sh7.2 million, underscoring initial monetisation challenges.

Financial inclusion indicators have further constrained the scaling of digital financial services, as the World Bank report indicated that only 11 percent of Ethiopians have accessed a loan from a formal financial institution.

Many Ethiopians rely on informal savings groups, family networks or community-based arrangements for borrowing and saving.

Safaricom has positioned M-Pesa as a long-term infrastructure investment aligned with Ethiopia’s ongoing financial sector reforms.

In October last year, M-Pesa was integrated with EthSwitch, Ethiopia’s national payment switch regulated by the National Bank of Ethiopia, connecting the Safaricom-owned platform to more than 30 banks and wallets through a single interface.

This, the telco reports, has enabled real-time wallet-to-bank and bank-to-wallet transfers, reducing fragmentation in the payments ecosystem.

The integration has also enabled interoperable QR (quick response) payments, expanding acceptance across more than 50,000 M-Pesa merchants nationwide, as part of Ethiopia’s National Digital Payment Strategy 2026-2030 launched in December 2025. For M-Pesa, interoperability removes a key bottleneck that previously limited usefulness beyond closed-loop transactions.

Ethiopia’s large population positions it as one of Africa’s biggest long-term growth opportunities for mobile money. The country is Africa’s second-most populous market after Nigeria.

During the six months ended last September, a 59 percent contraction in Ethiopia losses helped raise Safaricom’s half-year profit 52.1 percent to Sh42.7 billion.

The Kenya business continued to be the main profit driver on the back of M-Pesa whose revenue rose 14 percent to Sh88.1 billion up from Sh77.2 billion in a similar period the previous year.

KRA reinstates ‘Nil return’ filing after system upgrade

The Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) has reinstated the Nil Return filing option after completing system validations aimed at tightening tax compliance ahead of the 2025 income tax return cycle, which ends in June. The move eases concerns among taxpayers following a temporary suspension.

KRA’s Business Strategy, Technology and Enterprise Modernisation Department said on Friday that the Nil Return option will apply to January-December 2025 income tax returns filed after March 31, 2026, when enhanced validation checks embedded in the iTax system come into force.

The authority said the reinstatement does not affect ongoing filing obligations for earlier periods.

‘The Nil Filing Return option has been reinstated after the necessary system validations were embedded for the 2025 returns to be filed after March 31, 2026,’ KRA said.

‘Filing for 2024 income tax returns and prior periods, and other monthly obligations such as PAYE [Pay As You Earn], excise duty, MRI [Monthly Rental Income], TOT [Turnover Tax] and others can proceed as before,’ it added.

The temporary suspension of the Nil Return option earlier in January had caused confusion among individual taxpayers and small businesses, particularly those with no declared income but whose transactions were visible to the tax authority through third-party data sources.

Widespread misuse

KRA officials say the changes are part of a broader effort to curb abuse of Nil filings, especially among taxpayers whose income was subject to withholding tax but who still declared zero income.

Commissioner for Micro and Small Taxpayers George Obell said in an interview in late January that KRA systems had identified widespread misuse of Nil returns. He said 392,162 taxpayers who had taxes withheld from them in 2025 nonetheless filed Nil returns for the 2024 income year.

‘When we check the system, we can see that these taxpayers still had transactions in 2024, yet they filed Nil returns,’ Mr Obell said.

He said a common misconception among taxpayers is that withholding tax deducted at source-typically 5.0 percent for management or professional fees and 3.0 percent for contractual fees-is a final tax.

‘That is not correct. It is an advance tax,’ he said.

Mr Obell said KRA’s move to prepopulate income tax returns using third-party data would make it harder for taxpayers to omit income.

‘This time, when we say we are prepopulating returns, that income will already have been captured by the time the taxpayer is seeing the return, and one will not be able to avoid it. Because we already have visibility of the 5.0 percent, we know what the total income is,’ he said.

Many taxpayers, he added, will see income reflected in their prepopulated returns and voluntarily engage the authority, warning that failure to do so could trigger broader scrutiny.

‘We will also communicate to taxpayers who choose, despite having been shown income on their prepopulated returns, not to come forward and engage the authority. That in itself will be an invitation to look not just at 2025 but also preceding years,’ he said.

KRA has asked taxpayers to verify their Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) on iTax to ensure accuracy as the system increasingly relies on consolidated data streams.

The authority said its expanded data visibility is being driven by the rollout of the electronic Tax Invoice Management System (eTIMS), which captures transactional information across the economy and links suppliers, customers and transaction values.

The reinstatement of Nil filing comes amid KRA’s Income and Expenditure Verification programme, which began on January 1, 2026. The exercise pulls data from multiple sources-including eTIMS invoices, withholding tax certificates and import documentation-to verify figures declared by taxpayers.

KRA Deputy Commissioner Patience Njau said in January that the authority’s focus this year is to convert Nil filers, non-filers and zero payers into compliant taxpayers.

‘This year, our focus will be very different as we aim to convert the Nil and non-filers and zero payers into paying taxpayers,’ Ms Njau said at the time, explaining why Nil filings for 2025 returns had been temporarily restricted.

Auditor-General warns Sh4bn NSSF assets in Nairobi risk grab

Auditor-General Nancy Gathungu has raised concerns over Sh4 billion worth of idle properties owned by the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) within Nairobi’s central business district (CBD), warning that the assets risk being grabbed.

Ms Gathungu blamed NSSF management for the imprudent handling of pension savings, noting that at least five prime properties in the CBD have remained idle.

‘The balance includes five properties located within Nairobi’s CBD, valued at Sh4,022,000,000 as at June 30, 2025. The properties remained idle during the year under review, contrary to Section 1.5.2 of the Fund Investment Policy Statement, 2020, which requires that assets be structured and invested in a prudent manner at all times,’ she said.

The idle assets account for about 11.3 percent of the Sh35.4 billion property portfolio owned by the public pension fund. The Auditor-General noted that management had breached the law by allowing the properties to remain unused and that ‘beneficial ownership of the properties could not be confirmed’.

The concerns were raised even as NSSF management admitted to facing legacy challenges, including cases where previous officials were duped into buying public land that had been irregularly allocated to private individuals.

Speaking during the fund’s annual general meeting on Friday, NSSF chief executive officer Charles Koros said some title deeds held by the fund were effectively ‘worthless papers’, as the parcels purchased belonged to other public entities.

‘We have a big challenge because some of the titles for the land holdings we have are just mere pieces of paper. Some of the properties we have are on forest land, we have two on Ngong Road, others on road reserves along Jogoo Road, and many other issues,’ Mr Koros said.

In the audit for the year to June 2025, Ms Gathungu also queried the revocation of a title deed irregularly issued to the NSSF after it bought a Sh115 million plot of land from a private developer in Upper Hill, Nairobi.

‘However, the title deed was revoked through Kenya Gazette Notice No. 3460 of April 1, 2010 on the grounds that, although the title was allocated and issued to a private developer, the parcel had been reserved for public purposes in accordance with the Constitution, the Government Land Act (Cap 280) and the Trust Land Act (Cap 288),’ she said.

The NSSF is still contesting the matter in court.

Mr Koros also admitted that the fund was duped into purchasing land belonging to Kenya Prisons in Eldoret, which it now plans to compensate.

‘Court rulings are also another pain point. They are always going against us because we never exercised prudent investment way back,’ the NSSF CEO said.

Why the right hiking boots can make or break a trek across Kenya’s trails

Hiking boots are more than just footwear. They shape comfort, performance and safety, often determining how successful a trek will be across different terrains. For those venturing into Kenya’s forests, mountains and rocky landscapes, choosing the right pair can make or break the experience.

David Njema, founder of Coordinates Trail, has been hiking for three years across forested trails, moorlands, alpine zones and rocky terrain. He hikes between 38 and 48 times a year, ranging from half-day and full-day treks to longer technical expeditions lasting up to five days.

‘When I choose hiking boots, I look for grip, ankle support, comfort, durability and weather resistance,’ Njema explains. He emphasises that ankle support is especially important on uneven or rocky terrain because it helps prevent sprains and injuries.

A proper fit

His choice of footwear depends on the trail: lightweight shoes for easy paths and heavier boots for difficult terrain or when carrying a heavy pack.

He prefers breathable synthetic materials because they are light, durable and dry quickly. ‘I always test new boots on short hikes and uneven surfaces before committing to long treks,’ he says.

A proper fit, he adds, should allow for layering and leave a thumb’s width of space at the toes while preventing heel slippage. ‘Beginners often buy shoes that are too tight, wear light socks or skip testing, which leads to blisters.’

Breaking in boots is crucial. ‘Yes, break them in for a week or two with short walks before a long trek,’ he says.

‘I’ve recently used the following boots: the Quechua MH100 from Decathlon for around Sh6,500, the Salomon GTX I from Gikomba for about Sh2,500, the Merrell Moab Mid Waterproof boots from a local shop for roughly Sh4,500, and the Salomon X Ultra Mid GTX for about Sh28,000 to Sh32,000. These were brought in by someone who had travelled outside the country,’ he says.

Performance, he adds, varies with price and terrain. ‘The Merrell and Salomon boots have worked best for Kenyan terrain because of their grip, comfort and ankle support. The cheaper Quechua pair was okay for light hikes but wore out faster and felt less stable on rocky or muddy sections.’

Hard to find

Availability remains a challenge locally. ‘Yes, I’ve had boots brought in from abroad because some models and sizes are hard to find locally,’ he says.

Njema has also learned lessons the hard way. ‘I’ve gotten blisters from stiff new boots, had ‘waterproof’ pairs leak after a few months and slipped once the soles wore down,’ he explains.

His break-in routine is deliberate. ‘First, I wear them around the house, then I take short walks, and finally I go on one or two easy hikes before trusting them on a long trip.’

Terrain also influences his choices. ‘For places like Mount Kenya, I prefer Salomon or Merrell because they’re light, supportive and have good grip. For easier trails, the Quechua boots are comfortable and affordable.’

Njema also runs Uncharted and Unbothered, a wellness hiking and camping programme for women. These Friday-to-Sunday trips bring solo travellers together for guided gratitude sessions, wellness bonfires focused on mental health, waterfall meditations and bush journaling. Having the right boots, he says, is essential for these activities.

Elsewhere, Edith Jepkoech, an entrepreneur passionate about fitness and the outdoors, has been hiking for five years. She has summited Mount Kenya, Mount Satima, Mount Kinangop, Elephant Hill, Mount Ololokwe, the Namanga Hills and Table Mountain. She has also completed traverses in the Aberdares.

‘Mount Ololokwe is rocky with gravel; Mount Satima has bogs; Mount Kenya has alpine terrain with rocky parts; and Elephant Hill has wet, muddy sections near the bamboo and rocky stretches toward the top,’ she says.

Jepkoech averages 10 to 12 hikes per year, mostly day hikes lasting six to 12 hours depending on distance, altitude and weather. Comfort and grip are her top priorities.

‘A hiking boot must handle slippery mud, provide ankle support and withstand wet and dry conditions without becoming heavy or uncomfortable,’ she says. She opts for boots that are slightly larger than her feet to protect her toes during descents.

Ankle support becomes even more important when fatigued. ‘On Mount Kenya or Kinangop, the terrain becomes unstable. Ankle support prevents injuries and boosts confidence while hiking.’

Lightweight boots work for short trails, but heavier boots are necessary for rough terrain or unpredictable weather, such as in the Aberdares.

Jepkoech prefers synthetic boots with waterproof membranes for breathability and comfort. While durable, leather boots can be heavy and less breathable when wet. She gradually tests new boots, starting with short hikes such as those in the Ngong Hills, paying attention to pressure points, heel movement and overall comfort before attempting more demanding terrain.

Aesthetics vs function

She warns that beginners often make mistakes by buying tight boots or prioritising aesthetics over function. ‘Some have even ended up hiking barefoot when their boots failed mid-trail. That’s risky and avoidable with proper testing and fit.’

On pricing and sourcing, she says: ‘I’ve recently used Quechua, Lowa and Salomon boots, with prices ranging from Sh7,500 to Sh20,000. I usually buy from Decathlon and sometimes from thrift shops.’

Unlike some hikers, she says her purchases have mostly worked out. ‘Honestly, all my boots have served me well so far. When buying, I focus on quality – sturdiness, waterproofing, breathability and comfort are my priorities.’

Her break-in strategy is cautious. ‘I start with short walks and easy hikes, gradually increasing the distance while checking for pressure points and heel movement. I avoid using new boots on long or technical hikes.’

Socks and insoles matter

Vincent Sindani, a real estate and construction professional, has years of hiking experience and has covered nearly 30 destinations, including the Aberdares, Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro, in 2025 alone. His hikes range from five- to eight-hour day trips to eight-day expeditions.

For Sindani, comfort, weight and material guide his choices. ‘Synthetic, breathable boots are ideal for long, dry trails without heavy loads. Leather waterproof boots are better for rough, wet and rocky terrain or when carrying heavy loads because they provide more stability and comfort,’ he explains.

He prefers leather boots for their durability, versatility and comfort. Like his peers, he tests boots on short walks and day hikes, wearing the same socks he plans to use on the trail – often thicker winter socks – to ensure proper toe space and comfort.

Socks and insoles also matter. They reduce friction, cushion the feet and provide shock absorption on long descents or rocky trails. Proper maintenance extends the lifespan of boots: leather pairs must be cleaned, conditioned, air-dried and stored away from moisture or extreme temperatures.

Sindani recommends Quechua boots for beginners because they are lightweight, waterproof and comfortable. Salomon boots suit rocky, technical trails, while Lowa boots provide durable, supportive footwear for long treks. ‘Comfort and functionality always come before brand or price,’ he stresses.

On specific purchases, he says: ‘I’ve mostly used thrifted Merrell boots from Lantex Shoes for about Sh8,500, Salomon boots that were a gift, and Delta boots from 7Outdoor Lordes Gears for around Sh10,500.’

Performance, he adds, varies by terrain. ‘Merrell boots handle most Kenyan trails, whether rocky or muddy. They’re warm, comfortable and waterproof. I’ve used them on Mount Kenya and Kilimanjaro expeditions.’

Not every experience has been smooth. ‘I once got blisters from the Delta boots, and they were heavier than I expected,’ he says.

‘For long, dry hikes, Salomons are best because they’re light and breathable. But for steep descents, rainy Aberdares or multi-day hikes with heavy packs, Merrells are better because of their grip and stability.’

Sindani recommends heavy leather boots with waterproofing, gaiters and trekking poles to reduce pressure on the knees. Most importantly, he says, hikers should listen to their bodies, move cautiously and enjoy the experience.

How tender interference cost Consolidated Bank’s ICT chief his job

The Employment and Labour Relations Court in Nairobi has upheld a decision by Consolidated Bank to dismiss its ICT head over interference in the procurement of a core banking system meant to modernise the lender’s operations.

The court found that the bank had valid grounds to terminate Martin Omido and followed due process, dismissing his claim for damages and compensation for unfair termination. It also ordered a partial refund of deductions made from his terminal dues.

Mr Omido was fired in February 2023 after internal and external audits found that he, alongside another senior official, had interfered with the procurement of a new core banking system at the State-owned lender. He had served as head of Information Communication Technology (ICT) since 2016.

The alleged misconduct included shaping technical specifications that favoured a particular bidder, repeatedly challenging the work of evaluators through a series of memoranda, and later supporting a switch to direct procurement in a process in which he participated.

Audits – including a review by PricewaterhouseCoopers dated December 16, 2022 – concluded that his actions breached procurement law and the bank’s internal procedures, exposing the lender to financial, operational and reputational risks.

Dismissing his claim, the court said the termination was directly linked to Mr Omido’s conduct and was justified under the Employment Act.

Mr Omido had sued the bank, arguing that his dismissal was unlawful and discriminatory, that he was not given the audit reports relied upon by the bank, and that his role was limited to collating user requirements. He said the memoranda he authored were merely advisory and written at the request of the then acting chief executive.

However, the court rejected that defence, finding that the audits showed he had adopted a ‘top-down approach’ that aligned system specifications with one bidder. It also found that he challenged the evaluation committee and later recommended direct procurement in favour of MFI Technology Solutions Limited, while also participating as a member of the evaluation team.

‘The claimant’s conduct, as documented, amounted to interference with procurement processes, contrary to the Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Act and the respondent’s procedures,’ the court said.

‘As head of ICT, his role was limited to collating user requirements. He had no mandate to evaluate or challenge the evaluation committee’s work.’

The court concluded that the dismissal was both substantively and procedurally fair.

‘Having found that the termination was grounded on a valid reason and that a fair procedure was followed, I hold that the claimant is not entitled to a declaration that the termination of his employment was unfair and unlawful,’ the court said, adding that he was also not entitled to compensation.

The dispute arose from a troubled attempt by the bank to replace its core banking system, whose licence was due to expire in May 2022.

An open tender launched in July 2021 attracted nine bids and initially recommended Inlaks Computers Limited, according to court records.

However, the process stalled after the acting chief executive declined to approve the award, following several memoranda from the head of ICT challenging the evaluation on issues such as database costs, system requirements and evaluation criteria.

The bank later cancelled the tender as ‘non-responsive’ and opted for direct procurement, awarding the contract to MFI Technology Solutions in May 2022. The contract was terminated in June 2023 for non-performance.

Following the procurement, the bank commissioned internal and external audits, which flagged irregularities and interference and implicated both Mr Omido and the acting chief executive.

Based on those findings, the bank issued Mr Omido a show-cause letter on December 21, 2022, suspended him on half pay, and convened a disciplinary hearing on January 31, 2023, before dismissing him two weeks later.

‘The respondent’s decision to terminate was based on a genuine belief in the claimant’s misconduct,’ the judge said, adding that the bank had met the legal threshold required under the law.

The court also rejected claims of discrimination, noting that the acting chief executive was dismissed on the basis of the same audit findings.

However, the judge faulted the bank for deducting money from Mr Omido’s terminal dues over the loss of point-of-sale devices.

The bank had surcharged him about Sh911,200 but failed to justify the figure or prove liability, and had not filed a counterclaim. The court ordered the bank to refund Sh872,961 plus interest.

Charles Mahinda takes over as CAK chair, Shaka Kariuki exits

Veteran civil servant Charles Mahinda has taken over the leadership of the Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK) as chairperson following his appointment by President William Ruto in December. He replaces Shaka Kariuki, whose term has ended.

Mr Mahinda will serve in the non-executive role for three years, convening and leading board meetings that shape anti-trust regulation and consumer protection policy in the country.

‘He brings to the authority over three decades of distinguished experience in, among other areas, industrial development, international trade and public policy formulation within the government of Kenya and regional institutions,’ the regulator said.

Before his appointment, Mr Mahinda served as a technical adviser to the Cabinet Secretaries for Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, and for Trade and Industry. He also previously worked as director of industries at the ministry.

He was the founding chief executive of the Special Economic Zones Authority and is credited with playing a central role in the development of key policies for Kenya and the East African Community, including the Industrial Masterplan and the Industrialisation Framework.

‘His leadership contributed positively towards enhancing Kenya’s competitiveness and industrial growth, including as a member of the national standing committee on trade negotiations, where he championed improved market access for Kenyan goods in regional and global markets,’ the CAK said.

Mr Kariuki, the outgoing chairperson, assumed the role in February 2023 after President Ruto revoked the appointment of his predecessor, Nelson Ndirangu, who had served since 2019.

CAK credited Mr Kariuki’s tenure with driving meaningful interventions across several sectors that helped boost market competitiveness and consumer welfare.

‘Mr Kariuki spearheaded improved oversight measures aimed at ensuring accountable and transparent expenditure of the authority’s resources, including prioritising enterprise risk management and business continuity,’ the regulator said.

His time at the helm also saw revisions to the Competition Act to strengthen enforcement, particularly in digital markets, which had previously fallen outside the regulator’s remit.

Before joining CAK, Mr Kariuki served on several boards as a director and chair, including TransCentury, Desert First Credit Union and NAS Foods in Ethiopia. He is also the co-chief executive of Kurano Capital, a firm he founded.

How to make homemade beef jerky

Are you struggling to find healthy, yet fulfilling snacks? Beef jerky can be the perfect chewy snack, and you can make it at home. Homemade beef jerky, seasoned, cured and dried by hand, is gaining popularity for its rich taste. BDLife spoke to an executive on how to make it.

Recipe By Executive Chef Stephen Karanja Safari Park

1. Homemade beef jerkyIngredients:

2lbs lean beef (top round, eye of round, or flank steak)

1/2 cup soy sauce

1/4 cup Worcestershire sauce

1 tbsp brown sugar

1 tbsp onion powder

1 tbsp black pepper

1/2 tbsp curing salt

Instructions:

Choose and slice the beef

Pick a lean cut (fat can cause spoilage).

Partially freeze beef for 1-2 hours for easier slicing.

Slice against the grain for a tender chew or with the grain for a chewier jerky.

Cut into 1/8- to 1/4-inch-thick strips.

Marinate

In a large zip-top bag or bowl, combine all marinade ingredients.

Add beef strips and coat well.

Refrigerate and marinate at least 6 hours or overnight (up to 24 hours for stronger flavor).

Dry the Jerky

Oven method:

Preheat oven to 170°F (75°C) or the lowest setting.

Line a baking sheet with foil; place a wire rack on top.

Lay beef strips in a single layer (not overlapping).

Dry in oven with the door slightly open (to let moisture escape) for 3-6 hours, checking for doneness (jerky should bend and crack but not snap).

Dehydrator method:

Set dehydrator to 160°F (70°C).

Dry jerky for 4-6 hours or until firm and dry.

Storage:

Cool completely, then store in an airtight container.

Room temp: up to 1 week

Fridge: up to 1 month

Freezer: up to 3 months

2.Yellow Smoothie – Immunity Booster

Mangoes are in plenty. Let them not go to waste. Make a smoothie.

Ingredients:

1 cup mango

½ banana

½ cup Greek yogurt

½ cup orange juice

Blend all the ingredients together in low speed

Benefits:

It is high in vitamin A, C and probiotics, this smoothie strengthens the immune system, improves digestion and supports healthy vision.

Mango’s natural sweetness also makes it a refreshing morning drink.

A quarter of EVs end up as digital taxis, driving expansion of e-mobility

The ride-hailing industry is emerging as one of the key drivers of the electric mobility industry, with almost a quarter of all electric vehicles and motorcycles in Kenya now operating on the platforms.

Bolt, one of the top ride-hailing firms, has disclosed that of the 24,754 electric vehicles and motorcycles currently in Kenya, 5,808 are operating on its platform, accounting for about 23 percent.

While other ride-hailing firms such as Uber and Little have not disclosed how many EVs are operating on their platforms, Bolt’s figures paint a picture of a heavy concentration of EVs in the ride-hailing industry, as many drivers on these platforms often cross-list on multiple apps.

This highlights how the fast-growing digital taxi industry is boosting the adoption of e-mobility in Kenya, supporting the transition to low-emission transport options in efforts against climate change.

Bolt East Africa General Manager Dimmy Kanyankole told the Business Daily that the ride-hailing sector is attracting several EV sign-ups because drivers retain more earnings due to lower operating costs.

‘Ride-hailing is helping electric vehicles reach scale much faster than private ownership alone by combining income-generating use with lower operating costs,’ he said.

‘There are also partnerships with financial institutions that enable drivers to acquire electric vehicles more affordably.’

He adds that EVs on the Bolt platform get a higher utilisation rate than combustion engine vehicles because they are cheaper on the platform. ‘This allows drivers to realise earnings faster,’ he said.

The Ministry of Roads and Transport revealed in the recently launched E-mobility policy that Kenya’s EV uptake has skyrocketed since 2022, with the number of EVs on Kenyan roads growing from just 796 in 2022 to 24,754 in 2025.

Most of the EVs are motorcycles, followed by other units like buses and passenger cars.

Ride-hailing firms introduced EVs on their platforms in 2023, with Bolt and Uber announcing a phased transition beginning with electric motorcycles in Kenya. Now, Bolt says the electric two-wheelers account for 40 percent of all two-wheelers on its platforms, while EVs account for 11 percent of all the cars it has listed.

The government is also contributing to the increased uptake of EVs, with a target of acquiring at least 3,000 EVs for ministries by the end of next year. Kenya Power has also announced a phased transition to electric vehicles.

Mass livestock vaccination a key step to growth

Agriculture remains the backbone of Kenya’s economy, supporting millions of households and a major contributor to national growth.

Given the sector’s crucial role, the country has embarked on a mass livestock vaccination against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD).

FMD has long been a major obstacle to livestock productivity, especially among smallholder farmers. This group has struggled with high treatment and vaccination costs, recurrent outbreaks, and reduced milk and meat yields. Therefore, government’s decision to implement a coordinated, subsidised, mass vaccination programme offers them relief.

Through this campaign, the government aims to vaccinate 22 million cattle and 50 million sheep and goats, with activities starting in 11 counties including Meru, Kiambu, Uasin Gishu, Laikipia, Kajiado, Bungoma, Bomet, and Narok.

The initiative will soon be scaled to all 47 counties as Kenya targets 70 percent vaccination coverage within four years, the internationally accepted threshold for effective FMD control.

As of 27th November 2025, approximately 40,000 farmers and 250,000 cattle had been onboarded, with 200,000 animals vaccinated. With early implementation challenges now addressed, the project is expected to accelerate significantly in the coming weeks.

This campaign is anchored on strong partnerships between the government, private sector, and development partners. Key collaborators include the World Bank through the National Value Chain Development Project (NAVCDP), the Kenya Veterinary Association (KVA), county governments, and community-based cooperatives.

The involvement of these diverse players ensures that the programme is consultative, technically sound, and grounded in the realities confronting farmers.

Additionally, the collaboration injects the exercise with the requisite skills, insights and experiences crucial in making it a success.

It also creates opportunities for private veterinary surgeons and para-professionals to earn income and expand their skills through participation.

A central pillar of the campaign is the subsidised vaccine model. Farmers now pay Sh50 per animal, a reduction from the previous cost of Sh160.

The subsidy is particularly important to smallholders, who often bear the highest brunt of livestock diseases yet can’t afford the high cost of treatment.

Benefits of controlling FMD are far-reaching. Outbreaks of the disease cause massive losses, estimated at up to Sh62 billion annually, due to livestock deaths, reduced productivity, and restrictions on trade.

By preventing these losses, the vaccination programme strengthens livelihoods, improves food production, and contributes to national economic growth.

Kenya’s livestock sector already contributes Sh1.4 trillion to the economy and employs nearly half of the agricultural workforce. The government’s ambition to raise the sector’s GDP contribution from 12 percent to 20 percent by 2027 depends heavily on disease control initiatives. Increased production will help reduce national milk deficit and cut dependence on imports. The country currently produces about six billion litres annually against a demand of seven billion litres.

Beyond domestic benefits, the FMD campaign is also a strategic investment in Kenya’s export potential. International markets, including the European Union, impose stringent sanitary requirements that Kenya has historically struggled to meet due to persistent livestock diseases.

Effective control of FMD will pave the way for higher-value exports of meat, milk, hides, and value-added products such as cheese and leather, thereby boosting foreign exchange earnings.

Concerns initially raised about safety have since been dispelled. The vaccines are made locally by the Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Production Institute, which has assured farmers of their safety and efficacy. With ongoing sensitisation, farmer uptake is bound to rise going forward.

As this historic vaccination drive gains momentum, farmers are encouraged to fully embrace the programme. Protecting livestock from FMD is not only a preventive action but also an investment in higher productivity, better incomes, and improved quality of life.

The mass vaccination campaign represents a pivotal moment for Kenya’s livestock industry and a defining step towards a more food-secure, economically empowered future.

The programme is also expected to create 11,000 jobs, including 1,350 veterinary surgeons and 10,000 para-professionals, many of whom are already actively engaged.

This not only injects income into rural economies but also strengthens professional networks and enhances service delivery across the country.

Collaboration with the Kenya Veterinary Board (KVB) has been essential in ensuring qualified veterinary practitioners are brought onboard.

Technology and innovation are central to the success of this vaccination campaign. A digital e-voucher system guarantees transparency, accountability, and efficiency in service delivery.

The adoption of advanced animal identification technology using unique muzzle patterns, marks a major shift from traditional tagging and branding.

This cutting-edge system enhances traceability, improves disease surveillance, and offers a powerful tool for deterring livestock theft.