Category: Business Daily

New therapy: Add prostate cancer screening to your New Year resolutions

Prostate is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men, particularly with advancing age. According to Dr Ahmed Komen, a clinical and radiation oncologist at Aga Khan University Hospital, the disease begins in the prostate gland when cells start multiplying uncontrollably.

Bloating and constipation: When digestive discomfort is more than just what you have just consumed

Almost everyone experiences bloating or constipation at some point, especially during festivities.

A tight abdomen after a large meal or a few sluggish days without a bowel movement may seem harmless, but when these symptoms persist or become disruptive, they often signal that the digestive system is struggling to cope.

Understanding what is normal and what warrants attention is the first step towards better gut health.

Bloating is the sensation of abdominal fullness or pressure, sometimes accompanied by distension. In many cases, it is caused by excess gas produced during digestion, particularly after having large meals, fatty foods or fermentable carbohydrates.

Constipation refers to infrequent bowel movements, hard stool or difficulty in passing stool. These two symptoms frequently occur together. While occasional bloating or constipation is common, persistent symptoms may reflect underlying medical issues such as food intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, hormonal changes or disturbances in gut motility.

One way to distinguish normal gas from a more serious digestive problem is by paying attention to patterns and associated symptoms. Bloating that improves after passing gas or having a bowel movement is usually functional and benign.

However, bloating accompanied by severe pain, unexplained weight loss, blood in stool, vomiting or anemia should never be ignored. These signs may point to inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction or other conditions that require prompt evaluation.

Everyday habits play a major role in constipation.

Low fibre intake, inadequate hydration, prolonged sitting, ignoring the urge to defecate and irregular eating schedules slow bowel movement.

Fibre is important, yet many people underestimate how much they need.

Adults generally require about 25 to 38 grams of fibre daily, depending on age and sex. The most reliable sources are whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds.

Gradually increasing fibre intake is essential, as sudden increases can worsen bloating.

Water softens stool and allows fibre to work effectively. Dehydration leads to hard stool, slower intestinal transit and increased acidity.

Alcohol and caffeinated drinks can worsen dehydration despite feeling refreshing.

Alcohol also irritates the stomach lining and relaxes the valve that prevents acid from moving upwards. Coffee can stimulate acid production and bowel contractions.

The gut microbiome – the trillions of bacteria in our intestines – plays a crucial role in bloating, gas production and bowel regularity. A balanced microbiome aids digestion and reduces inflammation.

This is why some people experience worsening bloating after dietary changes or illness. Probiotics may help certain individuals by restoring microbial balance, but their effects are strain-specific. They are not a cure-all and should be used thoughtfully.

Lifestyle modifications can bring surprisingly quick relief. Eating slowly, chewing thoroughly, spacing meals evenly and avoiding large portions reduce air swallowing and digestive overload. Gentle physical activity, such as walking after meals, stimulates intestinal movement.

Maintaining a regular toileting routine, preferably after meals when the colon is naturally more active, encourages consistent bowel habits. Clothing that is tight around the abdomen can also worsen bloating by increasing internal pressure and should be avoided.

Stress and anxiety have a direct and measurable impact on the gut. The digestive system is closely linked to the nervous system, and emotional stress can alter gut motility, increase acid production, and heighten sensitivity to normal digestive processes.

During festive periods, emotional pressure from travel, finances, hosting, or family dynamics can quietly worsen bloating, constipation, and acidity. Addressing stress through rest, routine, and mindfulness is as important as dietary management.

Many people rely on over-the-counter antacids to manage digestive discomfort. While these medications are generally safe for short-term relief, frequent or long-term use without medical guidance may mask underlying disease or lead to nutrient absorption issues. Persistent symptoms should prompt a proper evaluation rather than escalating self-medication.

Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, also influence digestion.

Changes in progesterone and estrogen during menstrual cycles can slow bowel movement and increase fluid retention, leading to bloating and constipation. This is a normal physiological response, but symptoms that are severe or worsening should still be assessed to rule out other conditions.

If bloating or constipation persists for weeks despite lifestyle adjustments, medical advice should be sought. Doctors may use blood tests, stool studies, breath tests for food intolerances, imaging, or endoscopic procedures to identify the cause of chronic symptoms. Early evaluation allows for targeted treatment and prevents complications.

Digestive discomfort should never be dismissed as something one must simply ‘live with.’ While festive indulgence is part of celebration, persistent bloating and constipation are signals from the body asking for attention. With informed choices, balanced habits, and timely medical care, it is entirely possible to enjoy the season and everyday life with comfort and confidence.