[FULL Breakdown] Osun election: Adeleke captures 19 LG, Oyebamiji gets 11 as collation nears end

1. Boluwaduro Local Government

Total registered voters – 29797

No of accredited voters- 14662

Scores

A- 7118

ADC- 179

APC- 7050

Total valid votes – 14478

Rejected votes – 177

Total votes cast – 14655

2. Ede South Local Government

Total registered voters – 67729

No of accredited voters- 34011

Scores

A- 26188

ADC- 390

APC- 6219

Total valid vote 33210

Rejected vote 740

Total votes cast 33950

3. Ife North Local Government

Total registered voters – 65718

No of accredited voters- 24772

Scores

A- 13879

ADC- 333

APC- 9613

Total valid votes 24216

Rejected votes 488

Total votes cast 24704

4. Ilesa West Local Government

Total registered voters – 86699

No of accredited voters- 31333

Scores

A- 16196

ADC- 673

APC- 12756

Total valid votes 30244

Rejected votes- 990

Total votes cast – 31234

5. Ifedayo Local Government

Total registered voters – 28361

No of accredited voters- 14703

Scores

A- 7427

ADC- 115

APC- 6836

Total valid votes – 14449

Rejected votes – 254

Total votes cast – 14703

6. Ilesa East Local Government

Total registered voters – 89492

No of accredited voters- 30371

Scores

A- 12280

ADC- 504

APC- 16208

Total valid votes – 29460

Rejected votes – 749

Total votes cast -30209

7. Ife Central Local Government

Total registered voters – 122454

No of accredited voters- 39990

Scores

A- 21171

ADC- 747

APC- 15913

Total Valid votes – 38380

Rejected Votes- 950

Total votes cast – 39330

8. Irepodun Local Government

Total registered voters – 67131

No of accredited voters- 31291

Scores

A- 14504

ADC- 249

APC- 15713

Total valid votes – 30717

Rejected Votes – 565

Total votes cast – 31282

9. Boripe Local Government

Total registered voters – 81067

No of accredited voters- 33943

Scores

A- 12448

ADC- 379

APC- 19963

Total valid votes -33116

Rejected votes – 597

Total votes cast – 33713

10. Obokun Local Government

Total registered voters – 64440

No of accredited voters- 29183

Scores

A- 12023

ADC- 205

APC- 16120

Total valid votes – 28687

Rejected votes – 460

Total votes cast – 29147

11. Orolu Local Government

Total registered voters – 51021

No of accredited voters- 25423

Scores

A- 12352

ADC- 236

APC- 10622

Total valid votes 23438

Rejected votes 452

Total votes cast 23890

12. Osogbo Local Government

Total registered voters – 167704

No of accredited voters- 70840

Scores

A- 36480

ADC- 1503

APC- 30474

Total valid votes – 69307

Rejected votes – 1478

Total votes cast – 70785

13. Oriade Local Government

Total registered voters – 84283

No of accredited voters- 37962

Scores

A- 21343

ADC- 423

APC- 14863

Total valid votes – 37073

Rejected votes – 860

Total votes cast – 37933

14. Odo-Otin Local Government

Total registered voters – 82574

No of accredited voters- 34482

Scores

A- 18003

ADC- 377

APC- 15435

Total valid votes – 34026

Rejected votes – 430

Total votes cast – 34456

15. Ife East Local Government

Total registered voters – 128465

No of accredited voters- 49065

Scores

A- 27201

ADC- 935

APC- 18600

Total valid votes – 47519

Rejected votes – 1498

Total votes cast – 49017

16. Ifelodun Local Government

Total registered voters – 948070

No of accredited voters- 41156

Scores

A- 21107

ADC- 509

APC- 18396

Total valid votes – 40466

Rejected votes – 677

Total votes cast – 41143

17. Atakumosa West Local Government

Total registered voters – 44076

No of accredited voters- 18707

Scores

A- 7479

ADC- 213

APC- 10037

Total valid votes – 17985

Rejected votes – 414

Total votes cast – 18399

18. Iwo Local Government

Total registered voters – 106814

No of accredited voters- 48985

Scores

A- 27085

ADC- 588

APC- 19660

Total valid votes – 48027

Rejected votes – 926

Total votes cast – 48953

19. Ede North Local Government

Total registered voters – 96644

No of accredited voters- 47262

Scores

A- 35427

ADC- 307

APC- 10283

Total valid votes – 46474

Rejected votes – 731

Total votes cast – 47205

20. Ila Local Government

Total registered voters – 57825

No of accredited voters- 30028

Scores

A- 16211

ADC- 259

APC- 12934

Total valid votes – 29605

Rejected votes – 416

Total votes cast – 30021

21. Irewole Local Government

Total registered voters-96528

No of accredited voters- 42858

Scores

A- 10934

ADC- 275

APC- 29972

Total valid votes – 41575

Rejected votes – 1249

Total votes cast – 42824

22. Ayedire Local Government

Total registered voters – 45502

No of accredited voters- 21419

Scores

A- 11073

ADC- 148

APC- 9910

Total valid votes – 21228

Rejected votes – 186

Total votes cast – 21414

23. Atakumosa East Local Government

Total registered voters – 47767

No of accredited voters- 19253

Scores

A- 7872

ADC- 333

APC- 9936

Total valid votes – 18442

Rejected votes – 381

Total votes cast – 18823

24. Egbedore Local Government

Total registered voters – 67440

No of accredited voters- 31867

Scores

A- 19278

ADC- 363

APC- 11194

Total valid votes – 31155

Rejected votes -675

Total votes cast – 31830

25. Ayedaade Local Government

Total registered voters – 77649

No of accredited voters- 34232

Scores

A- 16681

ADC- 331

APC- 15719

Total valid votes – 33180

Rejected votes – 621

Total votes cast – 33801

26. Isokan Local Government

Total registered voters – 65739

No of accredited voters- 29421

Scores

A- 13765

ADC- 384

APC- 14063

Total valid votes – 28716

Rejected votes – 689

Total votes cast – 29405

27. Ola-Oluwa Local Government

Total registered voters – 44761

No of accredited voters- 21599

Scores

A- 10063

ADC- 213

APC- 10782

Total valid votes – 21228

Rejected votes -367

Total votes cast – 21595

28. Ife South Local Government

Total registered voters – 66255

No of accredited voters- 29521

Scores

A- 13507

ADC- 290

APC- 14678

Total valid votes – 28906

Rejected votes – 555

Total votes cast – 29461

29. Ejigbo Local Government

Total registered voters – 87676

No of accredited voters- 41173

Scores

A- 18458

ADC- 5053

APC- 16195

Total valid votes – 40314

Rejected votes – 811

Total votes cast – 41125

30. Olorunda Local Government

Total registered voters – 123063

No of accredited voters- 51172

Scores

A- 23514

ADC- 666

APC- 24671

Total valid votes – 49458

Rejected votes – 1335

Total votes cast – 50793

Osimhen breaks silence on Arsenal transfer speculation

Galatasaray striker Victor Osimhen has broken his silence on reports linking him with a summer move to Arsenal, refusing to rule out a potential transfer while insisting his immediate focus remains on his Turkish club.

The Nigeria international has emerged as a reported target for Arsenal as Mikel Arteta looks to strengthen his attacking options ahead of the new season.

Osimhen addressed the speculation after scoring twice in Galatasaray’s 2-2 draw with Corum FK in their season opener, offering a cautious response to questions about his future.

‘There are always rumours during transfer seasons,’ Osimhen told reporters. ‘I will take care of my business. I am focused on my job; then we will see and think further.’

Osimhen keeps Arsenal door open

While the 27-year-old did not directly express an interest in joining Arsenal, his comments leave the door open to a possible move before the transfer window closes.

Osimhen has been linked with the Premier League throughout his career and previously admitted that playing in England remains one of his ambitions.

‘I’m working so hard to make sure that I achieve my dream of playing in the Premier League someday,’ he said in 2023.

Arsenal are reportedly considering several attacking options as they seek greater firepower, with Osimhen among the names linked with the Gunners.

His name was also reportedly mentioned when Galatasaray approached Arsenal over potential deals involving Gabriel Martinelli and Ethan Nwaneri.

However, reports have suggested that discussions over Osimhen have so far been limited, with Galatasaray and the striker’s representatives understood to have been the parties involved in conversations about his future.

pound 75m price tag

Any potential deal for Osimhen is expected to command a substantial fee after Galatasaray paid a club-record pound 75 million to sign him permanently from Napoli last summer.

The Nigerian spent the previous season on loan at Galatasaray before making his move permanent following an outstanding campaign in Turkey.

Osimhen has since helped Galatasaray secure back-to-back Turkish Super Lig titles, having previously won the Serie A title with Napoli in 2023.

His impressive scoring record has continued to attract interest from some of Europe’s biggest clubs, but Galatasaray are under no immediate pressure to sell the forward.

Africa’s growth depends on the quality of leaders it builds – Ayanyemi

With more than two decades of experience spanning human resources, executive search, organisational transformation and business leadership, Patience Ayanyemi has built a career around one central conviction: organisations can only perform as well as the people and leadership systems driving them.

She is founder and chief operating officer of i4WE Human Capital Limited, and is now operating as MRINetwork AfroAnglo Partnership. Ayanyemi works with boards and senior executives across sectors to identify leadership talent, transform organisations and build sustainable human-capital strategies. Her career has taken her through the energy, insurance, telecommunications, courier, logistics, maritime, construction and fintech sectors.

She is also a Certified Transformational Coach, an alumna of the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Growth Fellowship and the Academy for Women Entrepreneurs. In this exclusive interview with LYDIA ENYIDIYA EKE, she spoke on leadership, executive recruitment, the changing workplace, women in business, career transitions and why Africa must take the development of its human capital more seriously.

You have spent over 23 years in human resources and executive search. What originally drew you to the human-capital space?

I have always been fascinated by people and what they are capable of achieving when they are given the right environment, opportunity and leadership.

Human resources is sometimes misunderstood as simply hiring people, paying salaries or managing employee issues. I see it very differently. Human capital is fundamentally about aligning people with organisational purpose and ensuring that the right people are in the right roles, equipped to deliver the organisation’s objectives. Let’s look at what has happened over the years. Over the years, my experience has shown me that businesses may have great products, technology and capital, but without the right leadership and people, sustainable growth becomes difficult.

That realisation has shaped my career. I wanted to move beyond traditional HR into a space where I could influence business strategy through people, leadership and organisational transformation.

You founded i4WE Human Capital, which now operates as MRINetwork AfroAnglo Partnership. What gap were you trying to address?

There was a clear need for a more strategic approach to executive recruitment and human capital consulting. Organisations don’t simply need people to occupy positions. They need leaders who understand their vision, culture, strategy and growth ambitions and can translate those into measurable results.

What is the role of executive search in all of this?

Executive search becomes different from conventional recruitment.

Our role is to understand the organisation first. What is the business trying to achieve? What kind of culture does it have? What leadership gap exists? What kind of person will thrive within that environment and deliver the desired results?

Once we understand those things, we go into the market to identify the right talent.

Your organisation is described as the only African-owned office within the MRINetwork. What does that distinction mean to you?

It is both an honour and a responsibility.

Being part of a global executive-search network gives us access to international expertise, knowledge and networks, while our African ownership gives us a deep understanding of the realities of our local markets.

Africa has exceptional talent. Sometimes what is missing is not talent itself but the systems that identify, develop and position that talent appropriately.

Our position allows us to connect African organisations with global executive-search expertise while ensuring that local realities are understood.

It also demonstrates that African-owned businesses can compete at the highest international standards.

What makes executive search different from ordinary recruitment?

Executive search is fundamentally about finding the right leadership solution, not merely filling a vacancy.

At the executive level, the consequences of getting the appointment wrong can be significant. A senior executive influences strategy, culture, people, finances and the future direction of an organisation.

We therefore look beyond a person’s CV.

We examine leadership capability, track record, values, cultural fit, strategic thinking, emotional intelligence and the ability to operate within the organisation’s particular environment.

We also engage people who may not necessarily be looking for another job. Some of the strongest candidates are already performing well where they are.

Executive search requires relationships, credibility, confidentiality and a deep understanding of the talent market.

You have worked across energy, insurance, logistics, telecommunications and other sectors. How has that diversity shaped your leadership perspective?

It has taught me that while industries differ, people challenges often have common foundations.

Every organisation needs effective leadership, accountability, performance management, succession planning and a healthy culture.

However, the way these things are implemented must reflect the particular industry and organisation.

Working across different sectors has also helped me appreciate how quickly business models are changing. Technology, globalisation, changing employee expectations and new generations entering the workplace are forcing organisations to rethink how they attract, manage and retain talent.

You have been involved in organisational restructuring, mergers, acquisitions, rebranding and culture transformation. Why do people often resist organisational change?

People generally don’t resist change simply because they dislike change. Often, they resist what they don’t understand or what they perceive as a threat.

When organisations embark on restructuring or transformation, employees want to know: What does this mean for me? Will my role change? Will I still have a place here? What is expected of me?

Leaders therefore have to communicate.

Transformation cannot be imposed successfully without taking people along. You need to explain the reason for the change, communicate the expected outcome and give people the opportunity to understand how they fit into the new structure.

Change management is ultimately people management.

How important is organisational culture in determining whether a company succeeds or fails?

Culture is extremely important because culture influences behaviour.

You can have beautiful values written on the wall, but the real culture of an organisation is what happens when nobody is watching.

How does the organisation treat people? How are decisions made? Are people rewarded for ethical behaviour? Can employees speak up? Does leadership take responsibility? Are high performers developed? Those things define culture.

A strong culture can become a competitive advantage because it attracts people who identify with the organisation’s values and encourages them to contribute meaningfully.

Technology and artificial intelligence are transforming workplaces. Should employees be worried?

Employees should be concerned enough to prepare, but not paralysed by fear. Technology is changing jobs, but it is also creating new opportunities. The important question is whether individuals and organisations are prepared to evolve.

Employees need to continuously develop their skills. Organisations, on the other hand, have a responsibility to invest in reskilling and upskilling their workforce.

The future of work will increasingly require people who can combine technical competence with human capabilities such as creativity, communication, critical thinking, adaptability and leadership.

The workplace is changing, and our approach to learning must change with it.

We now have several generations working together. How should organisations manage a multigenerational workforce?

Organisations should stop treating generational differences as a problem and start seeing them as an opportunity.

Different generations bring different experiences and perspectives.

Someone with decades of professional experience may bring institutional knowledge and wisdom, while a younger employee may bring technological fluency and a different perspective on innovation.

The goal should not be to make everyone think alike. It should be to create an environment where different strengths complement one another.

Good leadership creates that bridge.

You are particularly passionate about coaching and career transitions. Why?

Because I have seen what happens when people experience career disruption and begin to question their own value.

Losing a job, changing careers or reaching a point where you have to reinvent yourself can be very challenging.

My programme, Reinventing Yourself and Preparing to Manage a New Beginning, was developed from that understanding.

Sometimes people don’t need someone to give them a job. They need someone to help them see possibilities again, understand their strengths and reposition themselves.

I believe people should not define themselves solely by a particular job title. Your career is bigger than one position.

What is your advice to professionals who suddenly find themselves unemployed or at a career crossroads?

Don’t allow a career disruption to become an identity crisis. Take a step back and assess yourself honestly. What skills do you have? What have you learned from your previous experiences? What can you do differently? What opportunities are emerging?

Then invest in yourself.

Update your skills, expand your network, seek mentors and be open to possibilities you may not previously have considered.

Sometimes a difficult transition becomes the doorway to a completely different chapter.

As a Female Voice who has built a successful business and leadership career, what has your journey taught you about women and entrepreneurship?

Women are capable of building extraordinary businesses, but we must also be intentional about building sustainable businesses.

Entrepreneurship is not simply about having an idea. It requires financial discipline, systems, leadership, resilience, strategy and the ability to build relationships. My participation in the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Growth Fellowship and the Academy for Women Entrepreneurs reinforced for me the importance of structured business education and networks. Women should not be afraid to seek knowledge, ask for support and surround themselves with people who challenge them to grow.

What do you think is one of the biggest challenges facing female voices who want to be heard and rise into executive leadership?

One major challenge is access to networks, opportunities, mentorship and sometimes the confidence to position oneself for leadership.

But I also believe women must own their ambition.

You cannot expect other people to see your potential if you are unwilling to communicate your value.

Any other point to note?

Women need to develop competence, confidence and visibility. We must also create opportunities for other women coming behind us.

Leadership should not only be about how far you have gone. It should also be about how many people you help move forward.

What qualities do you look for when assessing an executive candidate?

Competence is important, but competence alone is not enough. I look at the person’s track record, leadership maturity, values, adaptability, emotional intelligence, strategic thinking and ability to deliver results. I also ask whether the person understands the responsibility that comes with leadership.

At senior levels, you are not simply managing tasks. You are influencing people, shaping culture and making decisions that can affect an entire organisation. That requires character as well as competence.

Can leadership be taught, or will you say that great leaders are born?

I believe leadership can be developed.

Some people may naturally possess certain leadership qualities, but leadership is also a discipline that requires learning, practice, feedback and self-awareness.

People become better leaders when they are willing to learn from experience, listen to others and continuously improve themselves.

That is one reason I am passionate about coaching.

Looking at Africa’s business environment, what kind of leadership do we need now?

We need leaders who understand that leadership is about creating value beyond themselves.

Africa has enormous human and economic potential. But potential alone is not enough.

We need leaders who are ethical, innovative, accountable, commercially minded and committed to developing people.

We also need organisations that deliberately build succession pipelines instead of waiting until a senior executive leaf before asking who can replace them.

If we want sustainable African businesses, we must invest deliberately in African leadership.

What is your vision for the future of your organisation?

My vision is to continue building a human capital organisation that becomes a trusted bridge between exceptional talent and organisations seeking sustainable growth. I want us to continue expanding our impact across Africa and beyond while maintaining the quality, integrity and professional standards that have defined our journey.

Do people really matter in all these?

Ultimately, our work is about people.

When you help an organisation find the right leader, you are not simply filling a position. You may be influencing the direction of an entire company, the careers of hundreds of employees and the value that organisation creates in society.

That is a responsibility I take very seriously.

Finally, after more than two decades in this field, what does success mean to you?

Success is not only about what you achieve personally. It is also about the value you create for others. If I can help an organisation find the leadership it needs, help a professional navigate a difficult career transition, help a young person understand their potential, or help a business become stronger because of the people we have helped it find and develop, then I consider that meaningful success.

For me, the ultimate measure is impact.

People are the greatest asset of any organisation, and when you invest in people, you are investing in the future.

Journalist, Tomi Falade, reimagines ancient monarchs in latest books

Tomi Falade, a Lagos-based journalist has unveiled two historical plays, ‘Alayemore: The Twice-Crowned King’ and ‘Orompotoniyun: 12 Nights For A Crown’, following the successful release of her first two books, ‘Olobun: Matriarch of Ondo, Mother of Legacy.’

‘I’ve always loved stories and I believe that Africa, Nigeria, and by extension, the Yoruba people have a wealth of stories no one is talking about. I think it is time to begin to own those stories and tell them unashamedly,’ Falade stated, during the recent unveiling tagged, ‘The Tomi Falade Book Party 2.0; A Cocktail Affair.’

Falade, who described herself as a tool breathing life into history, transported the audience into the imagined conversations that may have taken place during the historical events that shaped the stories.

According to Falade, the comedic historical drama flips an Oyo empire story, making it part historical ‘faction,’ part Shakespearean chaos, by putting a spin on William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night.

She added that her latest pursuit is reimagining history by bringing the unpopular stories into limelight. ‘My books are not gospel truth. Let me be clear: my plays are works of ‘faction’, not a historical thesis. I have taken deliberate creative liberties: shifting timelines, blending modern rhythms, and amplifying human drama, to create texts built for the stage.

‘I encourage people to consult royal bards and custodians of oral tradition for the exact stories and timelines when these works pique their interest. I have merely given readers a taste of these stories and I believe that a taste is all that is needed to spark interest,’ Falade stated.

‘Alayemore’ recounts the journey embarked on by Obalufon Alayemore, an Ooni of Ile-Ife, who was displaced by Oranmiyan, founded Efon Alaaye, and later returned to the throne following Oranmiyan’s departure, earning the distinction of being the twice-crowned king.

On the other hand, ‘Orompotoniyun’ revisits the story of the first and only woman to ever rule as Alaafin of the Oyo Empire, Ajiun Orompotoniyun.

Taye Ige, president/CEO, HS Media Group, stated that the author’s first two books reveal that she is not confined to one literary register. According to him, the author can explore the humorous complications of contemporary relationships in one work and then enter the demanding terrain of history, royalty, exile, identity and legacy in another.

‘Today’s presentation of two additional books confirms that her first outing was no literary accident. Tomi is steadily and deliberately building a distinct body of work. Four books within such a relatively short period represent not only talent but discipline, courage and remarkable creative productivity,’ Ige stated.

AI, open banking is set to reshape Nigeria’s cooperative lending – Adeoti

Praise Adeoti is a software engineer and entrepreneur passionate about building impactful fintech and AI products. He is currently a Frontend Engineer at AskYourPDF, building AI tools for document interaction, and the Co-Founder and CEO of Collectiva, a platform digitising operation for cooperative societies across Africa. Praise specialises in taking early-stage ideas from concept to launch, combining technical execution with product-led business strategy. In this interview with KENNETH ATHEKAME, he spoke on how member contribution histories and peer-guarantor data within cooperative platforms can be structured to assess loan eligibility while retaining human board oversight, as well as how Nigeria’s Open Banking framework and banking APIs can be leveraged by niche management platforms to automate instant payment verification and loan disbursements for informal financial groups. Excerpts:

How has your background in petroleum engineering shaped your analytical approach, and which core engineering principles guided your transition into software and financial technology?

My interest in software development began during my first year at the University of Ibadan. Although I was pursuing a degree in petroleum engineering, I was simultaneously learning programming, starting with Fortran and later progressing to Python. I discovered a strong affinity for programming and logical problem-solving, which prompted me to continue building systems alongside my core academic studies.

While petroleum engineering provided a rigorous analytical foundation, my passion for technology had taken root long before graduation. By the time I completed my studies in 2023, I had determined that my future lay in software engineering.

The primary intersection between engineering and software lies in the methodology of problem-solving. Both disciplines require a granular understanding of complex systems, the ability to decompose large problems into manageable components, and the application of practical solutions. That structured approach has proven invaluable, particularly when architecting financial technology products with multiple interdependent variables.

How can digital platforms like Collectiva streamline onboarding for traditional cooperative executives who may have limited technical literacy or hesitation towards cloud-based record keeping?

The primary objective is not to demand that cooperative executives become technical experts overnight. Instead, we design intuitive systems, guide users through the initial setup, and provide continuous operational support throughout the onboarding lifecycle.

Many of these cooperative societies have operated for decades using physical ledgers, spreadsheets, or other manual processes. We do not advocate for the immediate abandonment of established workflows in favour of radical change. Rather, we analyse their existing operational models and systematically transition those processes onto the digital platform. We offer hands-on training for administrators and executives to ensure complete operational comfort. Technology must continuously adapt to the user, rather than forcing the user to adapt to the technology.

Given local network instability across non-metropolitan areas in Nigeria, what architectural patterns best ensure robust offline transaction logging and subsequent cloud ledger reconciliation?

Designing software for the Nigerian market requires explicit recognition of variable internet connectivity. A user operating in central Lagos may enjoy stable connectivity, whereas a user in a regional location may experience frequent network disruptions mid-transaction. Systems must be engineered around this infrastructure reality. For mission-critical operations, particularly financial transactions, local data retention is essential to prevent data loss during connectivity drops. Implementing a local transaction queue allows actions to be stored securely on the device and synchronised with the central server once connectivity is restored.

However, local storage is only half the challenge; the primary technical hurdle is preventing duplicate processing upon reconnection. This requires robust architectural mechanisms, including unique transaction identifiers, idempotency keys, and comprehensive reconciliation protocols. The system must reliably verify whether a transaction has already been ingested to prevent financial discrepancies.

How can member contribution history and peer-guarantor data within a cooperative platform be structured to evaluate loan eligibility without completely removing human board oversight?

Software should complement, rather than supplant, the decision-making authority of a cooperative’s leadership. A defining characteristic of cooperative societies is that board members possess qualitative context regarding individual applicants. Technology should enhance that governance model rather than eliminate it.

The platform aggregates key metrics, such as contribution consistency, total savings, historical borrowing behavior, repayment reliability, and outstanding liabilities. Concurrently, it evaluates the financial standing of nominated guarantors, assessing their membership status, savings balances, existing liabilities, and prior guarantee commitments.

By consolidating disparate financial records into a unified dashboard, the system provides loan committees with a clear, comprehensive credit profile. Ultimately, final approval authority remains with the board, supported by structured data to drive informed credit decisions.

What product strategies allow a cooperative management SaaS to stay flexible enough to support varying state-level cooperative laws across Nigeria while enforcing standard accounting practices?

This operational requirement was identified early in the development of Collectiva. Operating frameworks vary significantly across different cooperative societies and regional jurisdictions.

During onboarding, we assess each organisation’s specific operational rules, including contribution schedules, loan approval hierarchies, interest calculation methodologies, and authorization matrixes. The platform is then configured to mirror those parameters. Digital transformation should not require an organisation to dismantle functional, legacy processes.

However, flexibility must coexist with regulatory compliance. Core accounting principles and statutory requirements remain strictly enforced within the platform architecture. By maintaining a standardised, immutable core ledger alongside configurable operational modules, the platform seamlessly accommodates diverse regional mandates while maintaining financial integrity.

Beyond core ledger administration, what embedded features drive active daily or weekly engagement from members?

Cooperative management software must extend beyond back-office accounting functions. Individual members are primarily concerned with immediate personal metrics: current savings balances, outstanding loan balances, transaction confirmations, accrued interest, and upcoming payment schedules.

Integrating features such as real-time transaction notifications, contribution tracking, automated repayment schedules, and digital account statements drives consistent engagement.

Furthermore, integrating administrative communication tools directly into the platform such as formal announcements, digital voting, and member communications replaces fragmented channels like WhatsApp. Consolidating everyday operational interactions within the application encourages regular usage beyond basic loan requests.

How can early-stage SaaS platforms operating in Nigeria structure subscription models in Naira to remain affordable for local organisations while hedging against USD-denominated infrastructure costs?

Managing currency mismatch is a central challenge for software businesses in Nigeria, where revenue is realised in Naira while critical cloud infrastructure is billed in US dollars. Continuously adjusting subscription fees to match exchange rate fluctuations is unviable for local client retention.

Pricing must fundamentally reflect the quantitative value delivered to the client. If the platform successfully manages substantial capital, eliminates manual administrative overhead, and secures financial records, the pricing structure should be tied to that economic value rather than underlying server costs.

Furthermore, tiered pricing models ensure scalability. Smaller cooperatives pay rates proportional to their size, while larger organisations with higher transaction volumes contribute higher recurring revenue. As the customer base expands, economies of scale help absorb USD-denominated overheads.

Drawing from workflows in document intelligence tools, how can AI be practically applied to Nigerian cooperative operations to parse physical bank statements, audit meeting minutes, or verify manual receipt uploads?

Document processing remains a major operational bottleneck for traditional cooperatives. Artificial intelligence provides immediate efficiency gains by automating manual data extraction from physical documents, bank statements, and payment receipts.

When a cooperative uploads a bank statement or payment receipt, optical character recognition and domain-specific machine learning models extract transaction amounts, dates, and account identifiers, automatically matching them against internal records for rapid reconciliation.

Additionally, AI audio tools can process recorded board meetings to generate structured minutes, action items, and decision logs immediately following a session. This eliminates hours of manual administrative writing. The primary objective of implementing AI is to eliminate repetitive operational friction rather than deploying technology for its own sake.

What field-sales and product-led growth tactics are most effective at converting traditional, relationship-driven organisations into paying SaaS customers?

Converting traditional cooperative societies requires a hybrid approach combining field sales with product-led growth. Relying exclusively on digital acquisition channels is insufficient for relationship-driven, high-trust sectors.

Cooperative executives prioritize security, organizational track record, and hands-on support. Field-sales teams establish essential interpersonal trust, evaluate existing operational bottlenecks, and demonstrate direct product utility to decision-makers.

Once initial interest is established, the product experience must seamlessly drive retention. Frictionless onboarding, rapid time-to-value, and reliable customer support are critical. Furthermore, because cooperative leaders maintain extensive peer networks, establishing strong reference accounts creates a natural referral pipeline across regional ecosystems.

What specific performance strategies deliver the most noticeable user experience gains on low-bandwidth mobile devices?

Optimising for low-bandwidth environments requires strict discipline regarding network payloads. Transferring excessive data over weak mobile connections severely degrades user experience.

Key technical optimisations include aggressive client-side caching to prevent redundant data fetching, minimising API payload sizes, and deferring non-critical asset loading. Code splitting and lazy loading ensure users download only the dependencies required for their immediate session.

Implementing progressive web app architectures further enhances resilience in unstable network conditions. Ultimately, engineering teams must optimize applications specifically for the prevailing hardware and network conditions of the target demographic.

How can Nigerian Open Banking frameworks and banking APIs be leveraged by niche management platforms to automate instant payment verification and loan disbursements for informal financial groups?

Open Banking frameworks eliminate substantial manual reconciliation work. Historically, confirming member payments required manual bank statement checks and updates to physical ledgers. Integrated banking APIs enable real-time payment notifications that automatically reconcile transactions and update individual member accounts instantaneously.

Similarly, loan disbursements can be fully automated once board approval parameters are met, executing transfers and logging transaction receipts directly within the platform.

Beyond operational automation, Open Banking provides vital credit data. With explicit member consent, platforms can analyse broader financial histories to assess creditworthiness more accurately. This broader financial visibility significantly improves risk assessment and enables safer lending practices.

What strategies can micro-fintechs use to balance regulatory identity requirements like BVN/NIN verification against processing costs when handling micro-savings and small loans?

Integrating identity verification naturally into the initial user journey is essential for regulatory compliance. However, when managing micro-transactions, third-party verification API costs can rapidly erode unit economics if not structured efficiently.

Platforms must design verification workflows intelligently to avoid redundant API calls. Reusing verified identity data across multiple services and selecting cost-effective verification vendors helps control overheads.

If verification costs exceed the lifetime value or margin generated from a low-value account, the business model becomes unsustainable. Maintaining viable unit economics requires balancing strict compliance with optimized verification architecture.

How can cooperative software integrate white-label APIs to offer high-yield micro-investments, health insurance, or credit facilities directly to end-members within the platform?

Once a software platform establishes operational trust with a cooperative and its membership, it serves as an efficient distribution channel for third-party financial services.

Rather than developing specialized financial products in-house, the platform can integrate white-label APIs from licensed financial institutions. This allows members to access regulated investment vehicles, health insurance plans, and credit facilities directly within their existing application interface.

Rigorous partner selection is essential. All integrated financial products must be underwritten by fully licensed, regulated entities. The platform provides the distribution network and technological infrastructure, while regulated partners manage the underlying financial risk and compliance.

What system-level security measures, dual-authorisation mechanics, and real-time audit logs are required to prevent insider misallocation of funds within self-governing cooperative societies?

Software provides critical structural controls that significantly reduce financial mismanagement in self-governing organisations. Traditional setups often rely on one or two individuals holding sole access to bank accounts and ledgers, creating a structural risk through lack of oversight.

Digital platforms enforce strict separation of duties. For example, transaction workflows can require one executive to initiate a payout and a second authorised official to approve it before funds are released. Role-based access controls ensure that administrators, treasurers, and board members possess permissions aligned strictly with their governance roles.

Furthermore, immutable real-time audit logs record every system action, capturing timestamps, user identities, and specific data modifications. While no software can completely eliminate human fraud, robust access controls and transparent audit trails make unauthorised actions difficult to execute and straightforward to detect.

How should the core architecture of a Nigerian cooperative SaaS be modularized to allow seamless expansion into similar community savings ecosystems across Africa, such as SACCOs in East Africa?

Expanding across African markets requires separating core financial mechanics from country-specific operational and regulatory logic. The fundamental primitives of community finance member management, contribution tracking, loan issuance, ledger accounting, and governance are consistent across different markets.

These common primitives form the modular core of the platform. Conversely, regulatory frameworks, identity verification standards, currencies, local payment gateways, and regional accounting practices are isolated into configurable modules.

Architecting the platform with clear separation between core ledger logic and localized business rules allows expansion into new markets, such as Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOs) in East Africa, without rewriting underlying software systems.

INEC declares Adeleke winner of Osun Governorship election

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has declared Governor Ademola Adeleke of the Accord Party winner of the 2026 Osun State governorship election.

INEC Returning Officer for the election, Prof. Joshua Ogunwole, Vice-Chancellor of the Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, announced the final results and formally returned Adeleke as the winner.

According to the results announced by the electoral commission, Adeleke polled 511,067 votes, defeating his closest challenger, Bola Oyebamiji of the All Progressives Congress (APC), who secured 444,815 votes.

The margin of victory stood at 66,252 votes. The declaration triggered jubilation among Adeleke’s supporters and residents in parts of the state as the governor secured a fresh mandate after a closely contested election.

The result followed the collation of votes from the 30 local government areas of the state. Earlier reports indicated that Adeleke won in 19 local government areas, while Oyebamiji secured victory in 11.

The election had generated significant interest across Osun, with supporters of the major political parties keeping watch as the results were collated and announced.

With the declaration, Adeleke has been returned as governor of Osun State for another term.

Group marks Youth Day with GroundBreakers initiative launch

The Foundation for Sustainable Smallholder Solutions (FSSS) commemorated International Youth Day 2026 by convening thousands of young people, entrepreneurs, innovators, and agriculture stakeholders through its newly launched GroundBreakers initiative, a youth-focused platform designed to inspire, equip and connect young Nigerians with opportunities across agriculture, agribusiness and agricultural technology.

The initiative debuted with GroundBreakers Live 2026, a two-day virtual webinar series held under the theme ‘Connecting Youth, Innovation, and the Future of Food.’ The event brought together leading agritech founders, entrepreneurs and industry experts to engage young people on the future of agriculture and the opportunities emerging across Nigeria food systems.

The webinar opened with a session on ‘Future of Food: How Technology is Transforming Agriculture’, featuring Aisha Rilwanu Sidi, chief executive officer of Grabb Livestock, and Dayo Akinbami, CEO, CTO and co-founder of Agrofount.

Addressing participants, Aisha challenged young innovators to focus less on technology itself and more on the problems they are trying to solve.

‘Don’t just fall in love with the idea, fall in love with the problem,’ she said.

Drawing from her experience building digital solutions for livestock farmers, she encouraged young entrepreneurs to spend time understanding the realities of farmers before designing products and services.

She shared how Grabb Livestock adapted its platform from a web-based application to a USSD solution after discovering that many rural farmers lacked the digital literacy needed to use the original platform, helping the company expand its reach from approximately 2,000 farmers to more than 50,000.

Dayo Akinbami reinforced the importance of problem-solving and highlighted the growing role of data in unlocking opportunities across agriculture.

‘Nigeria doesn’t need technology for technology’s sake. We need young people who understand our problems deeply enough to use tech to solve them,’ he said.

He encouraged participants to explore opportunities in agricultural data systems, noting that reliable farmer data can improve access to finance, strengthen decision-making and support innovation across the agricultural value chain.

The second day of the webinar featured Seyi Alabi, co-founder of Crop2Cash, who led discussions on ‘Building Profitable Agribusinesses in the Digital Age.’

Alabi challenged participants to rethink how they approach agribusiness opportunities and urged them to focus on solving practical challenges faced by farmers rather than pursuing technology trends.

One of the most notable moments of the session came when he described agricultural extension services as a ‘dying sector’, citing the widening gap between farmers and the advisory support they need.

‘There are simply not enough extension officers to serve the millions of farmers we have today,’ he noted.

He encouraged young innovators to see this challenge as an opportunity to develop scalable digital solutions that can deliver knowledge, advisory services and support to farmers more efficiently.

According to Alabi, some of the greatest opportunities in agriculture today lie beyond production and can be found in areas such as financing, market access, logistics, extension services and farmer data systems.

As part of the International Youth Day celebration, FSSS also officially launched the Global Agri Entrepreneurship Academy (GAEA), a platform created to nurture the next generation of agricultural entrepreneurs, innovators and changemakers.

Announcing the initiative, Clinton Mena Inene, Brand and Communications Manager at FSSS, described GAEA as a launchpad for young people seeking to transform innovative ideas into sustainable ventures.

‘The Global Agri Entrepreneurship Academy is more than a learning platform. It is a launchpad for the next generation of agricultural innovators, entrepreneurs and changemakers. Through GAEA, we want to equip young people with the practical knowledge, entrepreneurial mindset and connections they need to transform ideas into impactful and sustainable ventures.’

The academy will provide participants with access to expert-led learning sessions, mentorship opportunities, industry insights, practical resources and a growing community of young professionals committed to transforming agriculture.

Speaking on the significance of the initiative, Isaiah Gabriel, Executive Director of FSSS, said the academy reflects the organisation’s commitment to empowering young people and accelerating innovation across food systems.

‘Young people are not just the future of agriculture; they are already shaping its future. GAEA is our commitment to supporting them with the tools, networks and opportunities they need to succeed and drive meaningful change in food systems across Africa and beyond.’

Reflecting on the success of the inaugural edition, Inene said GroundBreakers is envisioned as a long-term platform for youth engagement and agricultural innovation.

‘GroundBreakers was created to spark conversations, inspire action and connect young people to the opportunities shaping the future of food. The response to this first edition has been incredibly encouraging, and we are excited to bring it back in 2027. Our hope is that the next edition will be even bigger, with opportunities for participants to engage, collaborate and connect in person.’

The launch of GroundBreakers and GAEA comes at a time when agriculture faces growing challenges, including food insecurity, climate change, limited access to finance, markets and advisory services.

FSSS believes these challenges also present significant opportunities for young entrepreneurs to develop innovative solutions that improve productivity, strengthen resilience and create sustainable livelihoods.

Through GroundBreakers Live and the launch of GAEA, FSSS reaffirmed its commitment to empowering young people to become leaders, innovators and problem-solvers in agriculture. The organisation hopes the initiatives will inspire a new generation of agripreneurs capable of building profitable ventures while contributing to a more sustainable, inclusive and food-secure future.

How Kwara’s Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq is building a food-secure state

There is a particular kind of silence that settles over a rural community when the rains fail, farm produce cannot reach the market, and months of hard work are lost because the roads are impassable. For many farming communities in Kwara State, that was a familiar reality before 2019. The land remained fertile, the farmers resilient, but the infrastructure, investment, and institutional support needed to unlock agriculture’s full potential were largely absent.

When Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq assumed office, his administration recognised that transforming agriculture required far more than distributing inputs or launching seasonal programmes. It demanded a long-term strategy capable of modernising the sector, improving productivity, attracting investment, and creating sustainable livelihoods. That vision gave rise to the Kwara State Agricultural Transformation Plan, a ten-year blueprint developed through consultations with farmers, financial institutions, agribusinesses, and development partners.

Built around six strategic pillars, crop production, agricultural finance, livestock development, market access, value chains, and institutional reform, the plan has provided a clear framework for policy implementation. Rather than existing as another government document, it has shaped practical interventions across the agricultural value chain, ensuring that each initiative contributes to the broader objective of making food available, affordable, and accessible while positioning agriculture as a driver of economic growth.

Perhaps no investment illustrates this philosophy better than the state’s focus on rural infrastructure. Farmers cannot prosper if they remain cut off from markets, regardless of how productive their farms become. Through the Rural Access and Agricultural Marketing Project (RAAMP), supported by the World Bank and Agence Française de Développement, Kwara committed more than ?4 billion in counterpart funding, earning the World Bank’s Overall Best Counterpart Funding Performance Award.

Today, over 210 kilometres of rural roads are under construction, linking farming communities to aggregation centres, processing facilities, and major markets in locations such as Ajase-Ipo, Alapa, and Kaiama. Beyond improving transportation, these roads are reducing post-harvest losses, lowering logistics costs, and giving farmers quicker access to buyers. They are also opening rural communities to broader economic opportunities that extend well beyond agriculture.

Infrastructure alone, however, cannot transform agriculture without improving productivity. Recognising this, the administration prioritised mechanisation by expanding access to tractors, ploughs, harrows, ridgers, and other modern equipment across all sixteen local government areas. Through subsidised hiring schemes, smallholder farmers who previously depended entirely on manual labour now have greater access to machinery that improves efficiency and expands cultivation.

The mechanisation drive has been complemented by the distribution of improved agricultural inputs, including certified FARO 44 rice seeds, hybrid maize, improved soybean varieties, fertilisers, motorised pumps, knapsack sprayers, and other essential farming materials. Working with organisations such as the Rice Farmers Association of Nigeria, these interventions have reached thousands of farmers across the state. To strengthen extension services, the government also provided more than 190 motorcycles to agricultural officers, enabling them to reach remote communities with modern farming techniques, climate-smart practices, and technical support.

One of the administration’s most significant achievements has been less visible but equally transformative. Kwara has developed a digital database containing over 100,000 farmers, with biometric verification and geo-mapping. This innovation has significantly improved transparency by reducing opportunities for ghost beneficiaries and ensuring that government interventions reach genuine farmers. Building on this progress, the state inaugurated a Multi-Sectoral State Working Committee on Food Security in 2024, bringing together institutions such as the Bank of Agriculture, NIRSAL, traditional rulers, commodity associations, and other stakeholders to coordinate efforts aimed at boosting production, improving market efficiency, and addressing food inflation.

Livestock development, long neglected within Nigeria’s agricultural landscape, has also become a major component of Kwara’s transformation agenda. Through the Special Agro-Industrial Processing Zone programme, Malete is being developed into a major Agro-Industrial Hub, while Agricultural Transformation Centres are planned for Afon, Olodan, Gidan Mogajiya, and Kinnikinni to strengthen processing, storage, and market access.

The state’s six-year Livestock Productivity and Resilience Support Project is laying the foundation for a more organised and commercially viable livestock industry. The revival of the Kaiama Cattle Ranch, statewide vaccination campaigns targeting more than 330,000 cattle, sheep, and goats, and strategic collaboration with FrieslandCampina WAMCO are creating new opportunities within the dairy and livestock value chain while improving the livelihoods of pastoral communities. The broader livestock development programme also provides a framework for expanding pasture resources and strengthening livestock production as implementation progresses.

Climate change continues to pose one of the greatest threats to agricultural productivity, making resilience an essential component of long-term planning. Through the Agro-Climatic Resilience in Semi-Arid Landscapes (ACReSAL) programme and collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kwara is investing in irrigation, land restoration, and sustainable resource management. Under ACReSAL, Community Revolving Funds are also being implemented to provide interest-free financing to organised farmer groups, supporting them to strengthen their livelihoods and invest in productive agricultural activities. The rehabilitation of the Duku-Lade irrigation scheme has further expanded opportunities for year-round farming, enabling farmers to cultivate beyond the limitations imposed by seasonal rainfall.

The administration has equally recognised that agricultural prosperity depends not only on increasing production but also on creating value after harvest. Partnerships with private investors are strengthening rice, cassava, soybean, and shea processing, while the revival of the Thursday Fish Market and expansion of fish hatchery programmes are stimulating aquaculture across the state.

Through the FADAMA NG-CARES programme, thousands of vulnerable households, particularly women and young people, have received productive assets such as irrigation equipment, fish-smoking kilns, grinding machines, sprayers, and processing equipment that support sustainable livelihoods and small-scale enterprise development. At the Kwara State University College of Agriculture in Ilesha Baruba, renewed investment is helping to develop the skilled workforce needed to sustain the state’s agricultural transformation over the long term.

The benefits of these reforms extend beyond the farm. Better infrastructure lowers transportation costs, efficient value chains increase farmers’ incomes, agro-processing creates employment, and higher productivity strengthens food availability. Together, these investments are reinforcing agriculture’s role as a catalyst for inclusive economic growth, poverty reduction, and rural development.

Equally significant is the growing confidence of development partners and investors. Organisations including the World Bank, the African Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, and private-sector investors have continued to deepen their engagement with Kwara because they recognise a government that places a premium on planning, accountability, effective implementation, and measurable outcomes. These partnerships are accelerating the state’s transition towards a more competitive and commercially driven agricultural economy.

Like every meaningful reform programme, the journey is not without challenges. Rising production costs, changing weather patterns, limited access to finance, and the need for greater private-sector participation remain issues that require sustained attention. Agricultural transformation is a continuous process that demands consistency, innovation, and collaboration.

Yet the progress across Kwara’s farming communities is becoming increasingly evident. Rural roads are reconnecting farmers with markets. Mechanisation is reducing the burden of manual labour. Digital technology is improving the targeting of government interventions. Livestock development is opening new streams of income, while expanded irrigation is making year-round farming a practical reality for many communities.

As Chairman of the Nigeria Governors’ Forum, Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq has consistently argued that food security cannot be achieved through short-term interventions alone. It requires deliberate planning, sustained investment, institutional coordination, and strong partnerships involving government, development agencies, the private sector, and farming communities.

Kwara’s experience shows what is possible when agricultural policy is backed by commitment and consistent implementation. The lasting legacy of these reforms will not simply be measured in kilometres of roads, hectares cultivated, or machines deployed. It will be reflected in thriving rural communities, more prosperous farmers, stronger local economies, and a state steadily establishing itself as one of Nigeria’s leading models for agricultural transformation and food security.

Nomadic Education Commission seeks ENSUBEB partnership to return out-of-school children to classroom

The National Commission for Nomadic Education has sought the collaboration and partnership of the Enugu State Universal Basic Education Board (ENSUBEB) towards the effective implementation of the Accelerated Basic Education Programme (ABEP) in the State, with particular focus on reducing the number of out-of-school children and youths among nomadic communities.

The Commission’s Executive Secretary, Haruna Bashir Usman, a professor, represented by Rose Nwaji, a director in charge of planning, research and statistics of the Commission, paid a strategic visit to ENSUBEB to formally share the reports and findings from their study and enrolment-drive activities conducted in ten selected Local Government Areas of Enugu State.

The council areas are Aninri, Awgu, Enugu East, Ezeagu, Igboetiti, Igboeze North, Isi-Uzo, Nsukka, Oji River and Udenu LGAs.

The study, undertaken last year according to Nwaji, was designed to ascertain the number and locations of children and youths of school age who were outside the formal education system, particularly within nomadic communities.

The findings, which showed that Isi-Uzo LGA has the highest number of Nomadic out-of-school children at 372 followed by Aninri with 206 Nomadic out-of-school children amongst others, have provided important data on the magnitude of the challenge and the educational needs of the affected children.

Presenting the findings, Chidiebere Ugwu from the Audit Department, explained that the information gathered during the study and subsequent enrolment drive had enabled the Commission to develop an educational approach that takes into consideration the peculiar environment and circumstances of the children.

He noted that the curriculum and programme framework developed from the findings would be aligned with the curriculum being implemented in conventional schools while incorporating appropriate adaptations to make learning relevant and accessible to children in nomadic communities.

He further emphasised that the ultimate objective is to ensure that every child and youth of school age is given an opportunity to access education, regardless of location, lifestyle, or socio-economic circumstances.

The delegation further explained that the National Commission for Nomadic Education is one of the implementing partners of the Accelerated Basic Education Programme (ABEP) in selected pilot states for nomadic out-of-school children and youths.

They therefore, called for a strong partnership with ENSUBEB to ensure that the programme is effectively implemented in Enugu State, as such collaboration would be critical to translating the findings of the research and enrolment drive into actual school enrolment, retention and learning outcomes.

The proposed partnership is expected to facilitate stronger coordination between the Commission and ENSUBEB in areas including identification of out-of-school children, community mobilisation, enrolment, curriculum implementation, teacher support, monitoring and evaluation.

Responding on behalf of the Executive Chairman of ENSUBEB, Uche Eze, permanent member II, welcomed the delegation and commended the Commission for undertaking a research-based approach to addressing the out-of-school children challenge.

Eze particularly appreciated the decision to share the reports and findings with ENSUBEB, describing reliable data as essential to effective educational planning and intervention.

She assured the delegation of ENSUBEB’s readiness to explore areas of collaboration and partnership that would contribute to the successful implementation of ABEP and expand access to basic education for children and youths who are currently outside the school system.

The Permanent Member extolled the leadership vision of the Governor of Enugu State, Peter Mbah, especially his unprecedented investment in basic education through the construction of 267 Smart Green Schools across the state’s 260 political wards.

According to her, the Smart Green Schools initiative has created a strong infrastructure base for the state’s campaign against educational exclusion and provides an opportunity to accommodate more children who are currently outside the school system.

Eze emphasised that the construction of schools must be complemented by deliberate strategies to identify children who are not attending school and bring them into the system.

She noted that the ABEP initiative and the intervention of the National Commission for Nomadic Education were therefore, timely, particularly because they focus on children and youths whose circumstances may have prevented them from benefiting from conventional education.

Kunu Aya: Heritage drink Nigeria can add to UNESCO ICH list

Kunu Aya is a tiger nut nutritious drink that is relished in Nigeria and some other parts of the world. Coming all the way from Northern Nigeria, Kunu is a culinary narrative coined around nutrition, indigenous knowledge, agriculture, hospitality and cultural identity.

It can popularly be described as tiger-nut drink or tiger-nut milk and can be showcased as one of Nigeria’s indigenous beverages whose cultural significance is much greater than the attention it receives. This includes its taste, aroma, colour and texture.

Made principally from tiger nuts, the small edible tubers of Cyperus esculentus have this long history of human consumption in different parts of the world, including Africa and the Mediterranean. Spain, for instance, is famous for horchata de chufa, another beverage made from tiger nuts.

Growing up and relating with our Northern neigbours, our nutritional relationship was so deep that the word ‘OFIO’ was virtually a household name at that time and today is not left out tiger nut is still a household name

Kunu Aya, however, represents its own cultural food tradition, with its distinctive use of locally familiar ingredients and preparation practices. Known differently as Kunu Aya, Kunun Aya, Kunu Ayaya, Ofio drink or tiger-nut milk, the beverage is traditionally produced from tiger nuts, and often combined with dates and, depending on the recipe, ginger, cloves, coconut or other spices, and debino, also known as dates as well as banana.

A sweet irresistible drink and a refreshing beverage, Kunu as it popularly called is a tropical drink that is best served

Chilled.

Creamy, naturally sweet and often delicately spiced, the drink has long been part of the drink culture of Northern Nigeria yet beyond its taste, lies a remarkable story of tradition, culture and heritage.

This non-alcoholic drink is widely associated with communities where tiger nuts have traditionally been cultivated, traded and consumed. However, today, tiger nut drinks are quite ubiquitous across the nation.

The preparation involves sorting and washing tiger nuts, soaking them to soften the tubers, blending them with water and extracting the resulting liquid through filtration. Dates and spices may then be added according to the producer’s recipe.

Kunu represents an entire foodway, a chain of knowledge that connects the farmer who grows the nuts to the trader who sells it, to the woman or family that prepares the beverage, the vendor who serves it and the consumer who drinks it. And this is why Kunu Aya deserves serious consideration in Nigeria’s conversation about intangible cultural heritage.

Presently, the drink can be found in markets, super marts, homes, restaurants and food businesses across different parts of the country. Studies of indigenous Nigerian beverages now routinely include tiger-nut drinks alongside other traditional beverages such as fura and zobo.

The spread is significant because it demonstrates how food traditions move. A drink can begin within a particular cultural community and, through migration, trade, urbanisation and intermarriage, become part of a wider national food culture without losing the story of its origin.

That is what has happened, to a considerable extent, with Kunu Aya.

The nutritional value of Kunu Aya comes majorly from tiger nuts, although the final nutritional composition depends on the recipe, quantity of tiger nuts used, dilution and additional ingredients. It contains dietary fibre, carbohydrates, fats, protein and minerals, and scientific reviews have identified compounds such as oleic acid and other bioactive substances in the tuber.

Research on tiger-nut milk has however attracted interest because of its nutritional and functional properties. A Nigerian study published in the European Journal of Nutrition and Food Safety analysed laboratory-produced Kunu Aya made from tiger nuts

The tiger nut itself is an extraordinary little crop. Despite its name, it is not a tree nut but a tuber. Scientific reviews describe it as a food containing carbohydrates, lipids, protein, dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. Its nutritional composition has made it increasingly interesting to food scientists and the health-conscious consumer.

That nutritional profile helps explain why Kunu Aya has survived as a traditional food while also finding new life among contemporary consumers looking for plant-based and locally sourced alternatives to conventional milk drinks and soft drinks. Tiger nuts are particularly notable for their dietary fibre and oil content. Their fat contains a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, the same monounsaturated fatty acid prominently found in olive oil.

A recent 2026 study examining tiger-nut tubers found oleic acid to be the predominant fatty acid and identified potassium as the most abundant macromineral in the samples studied. The researchers also found antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds, particularly in the skin of the tuber. There is therefore considerably more in that little tuber than its sweet, crunchy taste suggests.

The fibre is important for digestive health, while the combination of carbohydrates, fats and plant protein contributes to the food’s nutritional value. Tiger nuts also provide minerals including potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, iron and zinc, although the amount that eventually reaches a glass of Kunu Aya depends on the quantity of tiger nuts used, how much water is added and the preparation method.

The traditional preparation is quite remarkable as well. Kunu Aya is not produced by simply squeezing liquid out of a nut. The tiger nuts are traditionally sorted, washed and soaked to soften them. They are then blended or ground with water and strained to separate the liquid from the fibrous residue. Dates may be incorporated for sweetness, while ginger, cloves or coconut can provide additional flavour. What emerges is a smooth, milky beverage with a distinctive nutty sweetness.

The process is itself a form of food knowledge. Someone has to know how to select good tiger nuts. Someone knows how long they should be soaked. Someone knows the right quantity of water. Someone knows how much ginger or date is enough. Someone knows when the drink has reached the desired consistency. And, traditionally, someone teaches somebody else.

That is the part of its narrative that may easily be overlooked. The drink is not simply the liquid in the bottle. The knowledge of producing it is part of the heritage. This is essential at a time when many traditional food practices are disappearing under the pressure of urbanisation, changing lifestyles and the dominance of commercially produced foods.

The nutritional argument for Kunu Aya is also becoming stronger as scientific interest in tiger nuts grows. A 2022 review described the crop as containing lipids, protein, starch, fibre, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds and noted its potential applications in beverages, snacks, gluten-free foods and other products. A 2024 review involving Nigerian researchers examined the biological and bioactive components of tiger nuts and discussed their potential relevance to digestive, cardiovascular and metabolic health.

But responsible food journalism requires an important qualification. Kunu Aya should not be presented as a miracle drink. Popular claims have sometimes portrayed tiger-nut beverages as cures for infertility, erectile dysfunction, diabetes, hypertension and other conditions. The scientific evidence does not justify such sweeping claims. Research on tiger nuts has identified promising nutritional and biological properties, but much of the evidence concerns the tuber itself, laboratory studies or early-stage research rather than clinical trials proving that Kunu Aya can treat disease.

Dates, for example, can provide natural sweetness as well as carbohydrates and minerals. Ginger and cloves contribute aromatic compounds and phytochemicals. Coconut, where used, adds fat and flavour. The result is a beverage that brings several indigenous food ingredients together in a single preparation.

It is also naturally dairy-free when prepared traditionally, making it attractive to people who avoid dairy products. Its plant-based character gives it a place in the growing global conversation about alternative beverages and sustainable food systems.

There is also an economic story waiting to be told.

Behind Kunu Aya are farmers cultivating tiger nuts, traders moving them through markets, processors turning them into beverages, women and families preserving traditional preparation knowledge and young entrepreneurs developing new brands and packaging.

Tiger nuts themselves have commercial possibilities beyond the drink. They can be processed into flour, oil and other food ingredients, while the residue from processing can potentially be put to other uses. Recent research has increasingly examined tiger nut as an underutilised crop with applications across the food industry. For Nigeria, that creates an opportunity to connect food heritage with agriculture, entrepreneurship and the creative economy.

It is however pertinent to note that Kunu Aya is a fresh beverage and, unlike commercially sterilised soft drinks, it can spoil relatively quickly. Water quality, cleanliness of equipment, handling, packaging and storage temperature matter enormously. Nigerian research into Kunu Aya has raised concerns about microbial quality and the need for hygienic preparation.

If Kunu Aya is to move from roadside refreshment to nationally recognised heritage beverage and potentially to international markets, Nigeria must combine traditional knowledge with modern food-safety standards. Safe water, hygienic processing, appropriate refrigeration, suitable packaging and accurate labelling should become part of the modern Kunu Aya story.

Around the world, UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage framework is increasingly recognising foodways-not simply foods themselves, but the knowledge, skills, practices and social relationships surrounding their production and consumption.

In 2024, UNESCO inscribed ten foodway-related elements on its Representative List, including the skills related to Attiéké production in Côte d’Ivoire, Tomyum Kung in Thailand and traditional Minas cheese-making in Brazil. UNESCO noted that these foodways demonstrate the profound social, cultural and communal roles food can play.

The Attiéké example is particularly instructive for Nigeria. UNESCO’s description does not celebrate cassava simply because it is nutritious or because the dish is popular. It recognises the knowledge and skills surrounding production, the roles of women and men, the transmission of knowledge through families and communities, the food’s role in ceremonies and social life, and its contribution to cultural identity and livelihoods.

That is the kind of argument that could be made for Kunu Aya. The case for Kunu Aya’s heritage significance should therefore not be reduced to the statement that ‘Nigeria has a healthy traditional drink.’ The stronger argument is that Nigeria possesses a living body of knowledge surrounding the cultivation, preparation, serving, consumption and transmission of Kunu Aya, particularly within communities where the tradition has cultural roots.

The women who prepare it have knowledge. The farmers who grow the tiger nuts have knowledge. The traders who understand the crop have knowledge. The families who pass the preparation technique from mother to daughter, father to son or elder to younger generation have knowledge. The social occasions where it is served have meaning. The language used to describe it has meaning.

The variations in preparation have meaning. And the changing way young Nigerians are adapting it for contemporary markets is also part of the story of living heritage.

That is why documentation matters. Nigeria should be recording the oral histories of the people who have made Kunu Aya for decades. Researchers should document regional names, preparation methods, ingredients, rituals, occasions, agricultural practices and the changing role of the beverage in Nigerian society.

Digital media can make this possible on a scale previous generations could not imagine. A farmer can be filmed explaining how tiger nuts are cultivated. A grandmother can demonstrate how the traditional drink is prepared. A food historian can explain its regional significance. A nutritionist can explain what is actually in the beverage. A food-safety expert can demonstrate safe processing. A young entrepreneur can show how traditional Kunu Aya is being adapted for today’s consumer. Together, these stories become an archive.

And an archive becomes a safeguard against forgetting.

There is a deeper reason Nigeria should care. For too long, the country’s cultural diplomacy has been dominated by music, film, fashion and sport. These are important, but the Nigerian table is another powerful ambassador. Food crosses borders without needing a visa.

A plate of jollof rice can start a conversation about Nigeria. Suya can introduce someone to Northern Nigerian grilling traditions. Egusi can tell a story about indigenous crops and culinary creativity. And Kunu Aya can tell the story of tiger nuts, Northern Nigerian food culture, indigenous processing knowledge and a nation increasingly rediscovering its culinary heritage.

I believe that a glass of Kunu Aya served at an international cultural event could be more than refreshment, it could be culinary diplomacy and tell a foreign visitor that Nigerian heritage is not only found in monuments and museums. It lives in kitchens, farms, markets and recipes.