Local leaders in Kigezi sub-region have raised concerns over the decreasing bamboo forest cover in Echuya Forest Reserve and are calling for urgent intervention to reverse the trend.
Echuya Forest Reserve sits on the boundary of Kisoro and Rubanda districts and for decades has been known as a bamboo forest because bamboo trees dominated over other species. The reserve covers about 3,403 hectares, with 2,701 hectares in Rubanda and the rest in Kisoro.
It is also habitat for about 10 monkey and baboon species, and over 300 bird species including the highly endangered Grauer’s Rush Warbler. The forest is a key stopover for bird-watching tourists heading to Mgahinga National Park and Bwindi Impenetrable Forest for gorilla tracking.
Recently, most spots that used to host bamboo have been taken over by other tree species. Monkeys and baboons that were always seen climbing bamboo trees next to the Kabale-Kisoro highway are now rarely spotted.
Joseph Nizeye Wa-Senkoko, LCIII chairperson of Kanaba sub-county in Kisoro and member of the Echuya Collaborative Forest Management Committee, said government needs to consider replanting bamboo because it is key in conserving water that feeds major streams flowing into Lake Bunyonyi.
‘While it’s true that bamboo population in Echuya forest reserve is reducing because of colonization by emerging other tree species, there is need for the government and its development partners to initiate a drive of replanting bamboo trees in the area as a way of conserving the biodiversity of the forest. If the bamboo trees are not saved from extinction, wild animals that include monkeys and baboons which have been feeding on bamboo shoots and serving as tourist attractions may disappear,’ Mr Nizeye said.
He added that although residents were encouraged to domesticate bamboo for handicrafts, beehives, furniture, charcoal and building materials, the loss of bamboo in Echuya would trigger a water crisis.
‘Once bamboo trees completely disappear from Echuya forest reserve, there will be a water crisis in the region since bamboo has been instrumental in holding the natural water that serves the community and the wildlife living in the area,’ he said.
Haruna Mutabazi, vice chairperson of the CFM committee in Muko Sub-county, Rubanda, blamed the National Forestry Authority for failing to control illegal bamboo harvesting by investors setting up tourism camps, which has created space for other species.
‘We appeal to the central government to intervene if bamboo tree species are to be saved from extinction in Echuya forest reserve. NFA has disregarded the role of CFM committee members to an extent that they do not invite us for Echuya forest management meetings. CFM committees together with Nature Uganda played a great role in saving Echuya forest from selfish individuals that wanted to introduce Eucalyptus tree species from South Africa while others wanted to use it as Irish potato gardens. The central government should put in place stringent measures to stop illegal bamboo tree harvesting to avoid its extinction,’ Mr Mutabazi said.
Executive Director of NFA, Stuart Maniraguha, said about 30% of bamboo in Echuya has been lost because bamboo is a grass that cannot grow under a forest canopy. When covered, it dries out.
‘What is happening is that nature is trying to redefine and that means that our strict protection of that forest is what would be possible leading to the loss/disappearance of the bamboo. Because if you allow people to do harvesting, then you create gaps that would give in light that will favor bamboo growth. When we realized this trend, in 2021/2022 we started sustainable bamboo harvesting and management and we zoned out areas that were purely under bamboo and we started pruning and thinning activities. We cut out the dry bamboo to allow the new shoots to come up,’ Mr Maniraguha said.
He said the forest is undergoing natural colonization by indigenous species like Macaranga, a process called succession. NFA is now focused on areas that still have pure bamboo, targeting 500 hectares. ‘In 2023/2024, we restored about 80 hectares of bamboo in Bufundi Sub-county in Rubanda district while in Muko Sub-county in Rubanda and Kanaba Sub-county in Kisoro district we did liberation tending i.e. removing all climbers on bamboo and this was done where we found pure bamboo stands,’ he added.
Mr Maniraguha said sustainable harvesting is the only way to keep Echuya’s natural bamboo, locally called ‘Omurugano’. ‘If we strictly close Echuya forest without interventions of such nature then ecology will take its course and the succession will be done and we shall lose the bamboo and grass thus having a tropical forest with those high tropical tree species,’ he said. He added that NFA has renewed CFM committee contracts because they are key stakeholders in forest management.
In March, Kabale University and NFA signed a memorandum of understanding to establish a field research station in Echuya to promote conservation and practical training. Dr Rogers Akatwijuka, Associate Dean of Agriculture and Environmental Science at Kabale University, said the Shs1 billion station will carry out long-term ecological monitoring, conservation education and tourism impact assessment.
‘The objectives include the provision of opportunities to university staff and students to undertake research in Echuya forest ecology, biodiversity conservation, tourism planning and management as well as socio-economic impacts of the protected area,’ Dr Akatwijuka said. Research will focus on forest ecology, climate change, watershed management and ecosystem changes.
Former Kisoro LCV chairperson Abel Bizimana welcomed the move, saying studies will help conserve Echuya, believed to be the water catchment area for crater lakes in Kisoro, Rubanda and Kabale.
‘I implore Kabale University researchers to take keen interest in establishing why certain tree species have emerged in Echuya forest reserve taking up space and overshadowing the bamboo forest cover that has been a characteristic of Echuya forest reserve,’ Mr Bizimana said. He added that the planned takeover of Echuya by Uganda Wildlife Authority as a national park will boost conservation based on research findings.