Uganda has unveiled its first national regional coffee flavour profiles, a move expected to reshape how the country presents its coffee to global buyers.
The Ministry of Agriculture says the ten profiles, six for Robusta and four for Arabica, will help Uganda sell coffee based on its agroecological identity, a system long used by countries like Ethiopia and Colombia.
State Minister for Agriculture Fred Bwino Kyakulaga said the acknowledgement of regional differences is overdue.
‘Uganda is unique, but our agroecological zones are even unique to each other,’ he said.
He noted that climate, soils and local farming traditions shape the flavours in each region, yet Uganda had never formally documented these distinctions until now.
The minister said the scientific mapping behind the profiles opens the door for regions such as Busoga, Masaka, Rwenzori and Mount Elgon to market their coffees as standalone origins.
‘We are now going to market Busoga coffee as a unique coffee, Masaka coffee as a unique coffee,’ he said. ‘There are consumers who prefer such distinct experiences. This can increase prices and even volumes exported.’
He urged farmers not to mix beans from different regions, saying the practice erases identity and weakens market value.
‘We need farmers to know they are holding gold,’ he said. ‘When you mix coffee from Busoga with coffee from Bushenyi, you hide the unique experience consumers are looking for. Please do not mix.’
Kyakulaga added that ecological factors, including resilience to climate stress, reinforce regional differences and should be protected at the source.
He acknowledged Uganda is late to adopt flavour profiling globally, but insisted the shift is timely.
The private sector has welcomed the development as a long-awaited tool for better differentiation.
Uganda Coffee Federation president Robert Byaruhanga said the sector has always known regional coffees differ, but the official profiles give the first clear framework for presenting this to buyers.
‘Coffee from Mount Elgon is not the same as coffee from Rwenzori, or coffee from Bujiri in Busoga,’ he said. ‘The profiles come from a big scientific study, written in a way that’s easy for us to understand. This helps us differentiate and therefore price better our coffees.’
He said the profiles will support branding and competitiveness even though they are not yet mandatory.
‘Profiling coffee and understanding its characteristics is extremely important for marketing,’ he said. ‘As business people, this is what we have been asking government to do.’
Byaruhanga noted earlier support from the EU, Danish government and agencies such as ABI and the International Trade Centre, which helped Uganda prepare for global rules, including the European Deforestation Regulation. Through these efforts, 1.65 million farms have been mapped, with work now expanding to about four million coffee-farming households.
‘It is very hard work, but it’s being done,’ he said. ‘The template has been made, we just have to follow it to the end.’
With global buyers demanding traceability and clearer origin identities, the profiling marks a new chapter for Uganda’s coffee story.
Commissioner for Coffee Development Gerald Kyalo said Uganda is steadily preparing for the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), expected to take effect on December 31, 2025.
‘We have already mapped 1,650,000 farmers and their gardens,’ he said, noting that government and partners, including the Danish Embassy through ABI, have funded the work.
He said Uganda has established a government-managed national data warehouse to store all farmer information needed for compliance.
‘The data warehouse is where information will be kept, accessed and managed. Anyone intending to do traceability will use this government system,’ he said.
Kyalo added that Uganda has approved five traceability service providers, a requirement for exporters targeting the EU. The EUDR demands geocoordinates and mapped boundaries for every farm supplying coffee.
‘To meet EUDR demands, we must register farmers, have a data warehouse, and have a functional traceability application. All three are in place,’ he said.
He said the system has already been piloted in several regions with positive results.
‘We are ready for traceability as a country. The systems have been tested and they are working very well,’ he stated.
Assistant Commissioner for Coffee Production Rauben Keimusya said Uganda’s production trend shows strong momentum toward the country’s target of 20 million bags by 2030.
He noted that Uganda closed the last coffee year with 8.2 million bags, the highest in two decades and worth $2.2 billion in export earnings.
‘We believe we can reach 20 million bags. The progress we are seeing is real, and the investments in production and productivity enhancement are paying off,’ he said.
He said mobilising farmers into organized groups is a central strategy.
‘Farmers in organisations produce twice as much as those working alone. We want 70 to 85 percent of farmers to join structured groups. Right now we are at just 30 to 33 percent,’ he said.
Keimusya said Northern and Eastern Uganda are emerging as key production zones, supported by millions of disease-resistant seedlings, organic fertilizers and expanded extension services. These efforts, he added, will lift output over the next two to three years.
He said Uganda’s liberalised coffee system is helping revenue reach the growers.
‘Last year, farmers received 83.5 percent of the export price, something not seen anywhere else on the continent,’ he said.
He noted expansion across the value chain, with exporters rising to 205, roasteries from 3 to 105 and local buyers doubling to 2,500 within a year.
Keimusya pointed to collaborations with the EU, research bodies and private investors, including the planting of 80,000 acres by private farmers and new wet-processing facilities in Robusta regions.
Looking ahead, he said the ministry will push for higher productivity, climate-resilient technologies, broader market access and full registration of all coffee farmers by March next year.
‘Our goal is simple, more production, better quality, stronger markets and a visible national coffee brand. Every intervention we make feeds into that direction,’ he said.