’Happy Place’ by Emily Henry: Wishing for things doesn’t make them happen

How we are raised shapes how we give and accept love. It influences what we expect from marriage and friendship, how we move through relationships, how we fight when things fall apart, and what we believe it means to be chosen.

For some, love is learned as something freely given. For others, it feels conditional, something sustained through effort, patience, sacrifice, or self-erasure.

In Happy Place, Emily Henry explores how these early lessons surface in adulthood. They appear in romantic relationships, friendships, and in the assumptions we carry about commitment and belonging.

Alongside love, the novel also explores grief and human connection, examining how people cling to one another as they navigate loss and change. At the centre of the novel is Harriet, one-third of a tightly bound friendship that began in university and hardened into something almost immovable with time.

Alongside Sabrina and Cleo, Harriet belongs to a group that has grown into six, each now layered with romantic partnership. Harriet and Wyn, once the group’s emotional centre, have quietly broken up after ten years together.

Their separation is kept hidden because naming the truth would fracture the carefully preserved balance that holds the group together. That pressure is articulated early on, when Sabrina tells them, “You know that now that you are finally together, you can’t ever break up, right? The pressure is on, whether we admit it or not.

If they break up, this — she waves the bottle between us — implodes.” The friends are reunited at the summer house that once anchored their youth, now threatened with sale as adulthood presses in.

Harriet arrives last and is unsettled by Wyn’s presence and the work of pretending to be in a relationship that no longer exists. The week forces old decisions, unresolved grief, and long-avoided conversations into the open.

Henry uses this time together to explore how ambition, self-worth, and family expectations shape intimacy and relationships. Wyn’s lifelong sense of inadequacy collides painfully with Harriet’s world of achievement and people pleasing.

Love, here, is not undone by betrayal, but by the quieter erosion that occurs when two people no longer recognise themselves in each other’s futures. Grief is another theme Henry approaches with restraint.

It is experienced differently by each character, shaped by history and emotional capacity. After his father’s death, Wyn loses his sense of possibility.

He no longer knows how to imagine a future for himself, let alone how to remain present for a partner who is grieving too. Harriet mourns the loss of a man who became a father figure, one of the few adults in her life who spoke love aloud without hesitation.

In their shared grief, both withdraw. Harriet responds by reducing her needs, turning love into accommodation rather than expression.

“If I make the apartment cosier. If I don’t complain about work.

If I make the most of the constant rain. If I need nothing from him, he’ll be okay,” she thinks.

Both of them mistake distance for care. They want to show up for each other, but they don’t know how.

Without communication, assumption and silence take the place of conversation, and the relationship begins to fall apart even though love is still there. In Happy Place, friendship is where Harriet begins to rethink the rules she has lived by.

She has spent much of her life trying to please others, choosing what makes sense to them, and avoiding conflict because it feels final. Wanting something for herself rarely comes first.

Through her friendships, she starts to realise that love does not have to be earned. “It is not selfish to want to be happy.

Your job doesn’t have to be your identity. It could be a place that you go, that doesn’t define you or make you miserable.

You deserve to be happy.” Friendship offers Harriet a relationship built on acceptance.

It becomes the place where she begins to understand that happiness is not something to be earned, and that love can exist without constant self-adjustment. What Henry does well is her attention to emotional patterns.

She does not look for one moment where everything falls apart. She shows how people slowly lose each other through assumptions, silence, and beliefs about love and relationships.

Her execution is strongest when she allows discomfort, particularly around grief, ambition, and the fear of wanting more than one is allowed to have. Readers are given the chance to question what was learned early and what must be unlearned to experience life differently.

What Henry suggests is that these early lessons don’t need to be permanent, but they do require honesty, communication, and the willingness to choose differently. Jane Shussa is a digital communication specialist with a love for books, coffee, nature, and travel.

She can be reached at [email protected]. .

Parliament backs Samia’s push for reconciliation, economic reform

By katare Mbashiru Dodoma. Tanzania’s Parliament has begun debating President Samia Suluhu Hassan’s inaugural address to the 13th Parliament, with lawmakers overwhelmingly praising her commitment to national healing, reconciliation, and economic transformation following the October 29, 2025, General Election.

During the opening of the debate on Tuesday, January 27, 2026, Members of Parliament (MPs) commended President Hassan’s decision to initiate a journey toward unity by proposing independent mechanisms to investigate unrest that occurred during and after the polls. Legislators described the move as a crucial step toward restoring public trust and strengthening democratic institutions.

In her speech, President Hassan pledged to form a Justice, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, tasked with exploring measures for healing and reconciliation, as well as promoting political and social cohesion. She also announced plans to begin the long-awaited process of drafting a new national constitution.

MPs said the President’s address, delivered on November 14, 2025, provided a clear roadmap for Tanzania’s political and economic future. “I want to thank the President for establishing the commission, which will establish what really transpired,” said Bunda MP Ester Bulaya, referring to the proposed independent inquiry.

Her sentiments were echoed by Biharamulo MP Ezra Chiwelesa, who described the Judge Chande-led commission as “a good starting point toward healing and reconciliation.” Beyond governance and reconciliation, legislators expressed strong support for the President’s economic agenda, which prioritises growth, stability, and inclusivity.

“She expressed her quest to see growth in both the micro and macro economy, as well as increasing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth from 5.6 to 7 percent.

In my view, this is the way to go,” said Kikwajuni MP Ali Hassan King. In her address, President Hassan emphasised price stabilisation, industrial incentives, and greater support for domestic private enterprises, stressing that economic growth must be both inclusive and sustainable.

She highlighted the need to integrate youth and women entrepreneurs into investment schemes and to introduce digital procurement reforms to improve transparency and efficiency. “Growth should translate into opportunity for citizens, not just capital accumulation,” said the President.

Korogwe Rural MP Timotheo Mzava praised the proposed economic plans, describing them as an “engine for people’s development.” Under her administration’s roadmap, President Hassan has set an ambitious target of achieving 7 percent GDP growth and delivering massive infrastructure expansion by 2030. Lawmakers also welcomed the President’s decision to establish a special ministry for youth development and to allocate funds aimed at helping young people create their own employment.

Chemba MP Kunti Majala and Special Seats MP Hawa Mchafu said the youth fund would play a vital role in addressing unemployment among young Tanzanians and empowering them to participate meaningfully in the economy. In the House, the dominant tone remains one of optimism, with legislators portraying President Hassan’s agenda as a unifying blueprint for political stability, economic resilience and inclusive national development.

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Beyond prestige, why Muhas ranking matters for Tanzania

Dar es Salaam. The Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Muhas) has emerged as Tanzania’s highest-ranked university in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2026, placing third in East Africa.

Beyond institutional prestige, the ranking has renewed debate on why global university rankings matter, how Tanzanian universities can use them to strengthen teaching, research and societal impact, and what this milestone signals about the country’s ambition to position its higher education sector on the global stage. Founded in 2004, THE has become one of the most influential arbiters of university performance worldwide.

Its rankings assess institutions across their core missions; teaching, research and impact, using 18 performance indicators that capture everything from staff-to-student ratios and research citations to international outlook and knowledge transfer. For students, policymakers and investors, the tables offer a shorthand for institutional credibility; for universities, they are a mirror that reflects strengths, gaps and priorities.

Against this backdrop, Muhas’ performance is not merely a trophy moment. It signals a maturation of systems that translate policy intent into measurable outcomes.

Commenting on the achievement, Muhas vice chancellor Prof Appolinary Kamuhabwa described the ranking as “a clear testament to the collective commitment, hard work, and resilience of the Muhas community,” adding that it affirms the university’s strategic focus on “excellence in teaching, impactful research, innovation, and service to society” . Over the past five years, Muhas has steadily tightened the link between training, practice and research.

Investment in postgraduate supervision, stronger ties with teaching hospitals, and an emphasis on publishable, policy-relevant research have raised visibility and citation impact. The integration of clinical training with national referral institutions, such as Muhimbili National Hospital and specialised centres, has strengthened teaching quality while ensuring research addresses Tanzania’s health priorities.

These are precisely the attributes that THE’s methodology is designed to capture. The lesson here is not that rankings reward cosmetic changes; they reward systems.

As one senior higher education analyst, Dr Mutalemwa Mtebe, notes, rankings “do not create quality, but they make quality visible. Institutions that align governance, funding and academic incentives tend to climb because the metrics are outcomes of good practice, not ends in themselves.

” For Tanzania, the utility of rankings lies in benchmarking and discipline. They offer an external yardstick that helps universities and regulators assess whether reforms; curriculum reviews, staff development, research funding, are delivering results.

Importantly, rankings also influence student mobility. International students and partners often use THE profiles to assess institutional fit, scrutinising indicators such as international outlook, income per student and research strength.

Education experts argue that Tanzanian universities can harness this by being intentional. First, by embedding data culture, accurate reporting of staff numbers, outputs and international collaborations.

Second, by prioritising research clusters where the country has comparative advantage, from health sciences to agriculture and energy. Third, by internationalising at home: joint degrees, visiting scholars and co-authored research that lift global visibility without compromising national missions.

There is a cautionary note. Rankings should not become a vanity project.

“The risk is chasing metrics rather than mission,” said a university governance specialist, Mr Amos Magore. “But when used well, rankings sharpen focus on teaching quality, research integrity and societal impact, exactly what Tanzania needs as enrolments rise.

” Muhas’ case illustrates this balance. Its health mandate anchors research to public value, while international collaborations expand reach.

The result is credibility that attracts partners and students–benefits that ripple across the system as peers emulate proven practices. THE does not publish a standalone Tanzania-only league table; rather, it includes institutions that meet its data and quality thresholds.

In recent cycles, alongside Muhas, several Tanzanian public universities have featured in the global tables, reflecting gradual system-wide gains. The significance is collective: each additional institution included improves the country’s academic footprint and signals readiness for deeper international engagement.

MUHAS’s top national ranking in 2026 should therefore be read as a marker on a longer journey. It underscores the payoff from aligning teaching, research and impact and from treating rankings as diagnostic tools.

If more Tanzanian universities adopt this approach, the country stands to gain not just higher positions on global tables, but stronger universities that attract international students, inform policy and deliver solutions. .

Why Yanga and Simba face must-win CAF Cup matches

Dar es Salaam. Tanzania’s representatives in the Caf Champions League, Young Africans (Yanga) and Simba, head into the decisive phase of the group stage facing must-win encounters, but from very different positions.

Both clubs suffered away defeats last weekend, results that reshaped their qualification prospects. Yanga went down 2-0 to defending champions Al Ahly in a Group B clash played in Alexandria on Friday, while Simba followed with a narrow 1-0 loss to Esperance of Tunisia in Group D on Saturday.

While the defeats have tightened the race in both groups, Yanga remain firmly in control of their destiny and are well placed to advance to the knockout stage. Simba, on the other hand, now face an uphill task bordering on the improbable as they seek to revive a campaign that has so far yielded no points.

Yanga still masters of their fate Despite the setback in Egypt, Yanga’s position in Group B remains encouraging. The Jangwani Street giants sit second with four points after three matches, trailing leaders Al Ahly, who have seven.

JS Kabylie of Algeria and Morocco’s AS FAR are level on two points each after playing to a goalless draw in their most recent encounter. That stalemate between Yanga’s two closest rivals quietly strengthened the Tanzanian champions’ standing.

With three matches remaining, Yanga still control their own fate. Five additional points would almost certainly be enough to seal a place in the quarter-finals, a target that looks realistic given the remaining fixtures in the group.

Yanga return to action on Friday at the New Amaan Complex in Zanzibar, where they will host Al Ahly in a crucial encounter kicking off at 4pm. A victory would not only avenge the defeat in Alexandria but also put Yanga in a commanding position ahead of the final two rounds.

Even a draw could prove valuable, depending on results elsewhere. Qualification could even come early if Yanga manage to avoid defeat against Al Ahly and then capitalise on matches against JS Kabylie and AS FAR, who still have to face each other and also navigate tough fixtures against the Egyptian powerhouse.

After the Al Ahly clash, Yanga will travel to Morocco to face AS FAR before closing their group campaign at home against JS Kabylie at the New Amaan Complex. Both matches are expected to be stern tests, but they also present opportunities.

With home advantage in Zanzibar and growing belief within the squad, Yanga have reasons to be optimistic. For a club that has steadily built continental experience in recent seasons, this group stage represents another chance to underline their progress and re-establish themselves among Africa’s elite.

Simba staring at a mountain to climb For Simba, the picture is far bleaker. The Msimbazi Street giants are rooted at the bottom of Group D with zero points after three matches, having managed just one goal in the process.

Their latest defeat away to Esperance has left them with no margin for error in the remaining fixtures. To keep their qualification hopes alive, Simba must beat Esperance in the return leg at the Benjamin Mkapa Stadium on Friday, also scheduled for 4pm.

Anything less than victory would almost certainly end their knockout ambitions. Even with a win, Simba’s path remains treacherous.

They will also need maximum points away to Angola’s Petro Atletico and at home against Mali’s Stade Malien–an extremely demanding set of fixtures that requires near-perfection. Results elsewhere have compounded Simba’s difficulties.

Petro Atletico and Stade Malien have opened a points gap that Simba must somehow close, leaving the Tanzanian champions reliant not only on their own performances but also on favourable outcomes in other matches. The situation demands a dramatic turnaround in form, confidence and execution.

Simba’s players will need to “pull up their stockings,” rediscover their attacking edge and show resilience that has so far been missing from their continental campaign. .

TADB disburses Sh336bn to coffee farmers, herders in Kagera

Kagera. The Tanzania Agricultural Development Bank (TADB) has disbursed loans amounting to Sh336.3 billion to coffee farmers and livestock keepers in the Kagera Region.

This was stated by the bank’s Business Development Officer overseeing the Kagera Region, Mr Godwin Elisa, during a visit to local coffee farmers and livestock keepers held on the weekend. He noted that out of the funding, Sh315 billion was allocated to coffee farmers, while Sh7.3 billion was disbursed to livestock keepers.

Since TADB started providing the loans, a total of 312,339 farmers and livestock keepers have benefited, enabling them to increase production on their farms and improve livestock rearing. The region has performed well in projects funded by TADB, as farmers have consistently improved production quality year after year, supported by guaranteed markets through cooperatives backed by the bank.

Mr Elisa also said livestock keepers funded through the bank’s Kopa Ng’ombe Lipa Maziwa programme have recorded notable improvements by increasing livestock numbers and adopting commercial farming, helping to alleviate poverty through reliable milk markets supported by TADB. “Currently, TADB has reached farmers and livestock keepers in all districts of Kagera, with a large number of beneficiaries accessing the loans.

The funds have enabled farmers to expand farm infrastructure and increase their livestock numbers,” said Mr Elisa. He said that through the loans, coffee farmers have been producing high-quality coffee, which now commands a strong market both locally and internationally.

Furthermore, Mr Elisa said many residents are eager to grow coffee due to rising prices, which have reached Sh5,000 per kilogram compared to previous years. “When we started, the price of coffee was Sh800 per kilogram, but since our involvement, prices have continued to rise year after year, prompting many people in Kagera to take up the crop,” he said.

“Coffee contributes significantly to the income of the Kagera Region as the main cash crop. The price increase has therefore encouraged many farmers to cultivate it, as coffee farming is now far more profitable than in the past,” added Mr Elisa.

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Tanzania’s mineral revenue soars: Sh311 billion collected in less than 100 days

By Katare Mbashiru Dodoma. The Minister for Minerals, Mr Anthony Mavunde, said Tanzania has collected a remarkable Sh311 billion from mineral revenues between November 2025 and January 25, 2026. This achievement is part of the government’s ambitious goal to reach Sh2.1 trillion in revenue for the 2025/26 fiscal year, with 62 percent of the target already met.

Addressing journalists in Dodoma on Monday, January 26, 2026, to highlight key achievements attained during the first 100 days of President Samia Suluhu Hassan’s second term in office, Mr Mavunde noted that the funds were collected from 44 markets and 114 purchasing centres, with a renewed focus on developing value-added industries. When inaugurating Parliament on November 14, 2025, President Hassan emphasised the importance of increasing revenue collection, particularly among young people, and underscored that mining should yield tangible benefits for future generations.

Mr Mavunde also reported the revocation of 73 licences from inactive large-scale miners to encourage productive use of land. He assured that Tanzania remains vigilant against mineral smuggling from conflict zones, emphasising the country’s proactive approach to maintaining integrity in the mining sector.

“With several dedicated processing plants in Dodoma already operational, the ministry is poised to leverage Tanzania’s rich mineral resources for sustainable economic growth,” he said. Speaking about precautions to prevent Tanzania’s minerals from being linked to conflicts in neighbouring mineral-producing countries, he said the country remains vigilant and such risks would not be allowed.

“We are very careful to prevent minerals from being smuggled from conflict zones; the goal is to ensure that Tanzania does not fall into those pitfalls despite good cooperation with our partners, but it is important to ensure compliance with permits before starting initial steps,” said the minister. .

Xi Jinping intensifies military purge, investigates close ally

Beijing. China’s President Xi Jinping has extended his anti-corruption campaign deep into the top ranks of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), placing one of his closest allies, General Zhang Youxia, under investigation.

The move underscores that even long-standing personal ties offer no protection from party discipline and highlights Xi’s consolidation of power over the military. The Ministry of National Defence announced on Saturday that Zhang, vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), China’s top military leadership body, is being probed for “suspected serious violations of discipline and law.

” Another senior officer, Liu Zhenli, chief of staff of the CMC’s Joint Staff Department, is also under investigation, effectively reducing the seven-member body to just two members, with Xi firmly at the top. Jonathan Czin of the Washington-based Brookings Institution, who previously served as a senior China analyst at the CIA and director for China at the U.

S. National Security Council, called the investigation “astonishing” and said it signals that “truly nobody in the leadership is safe now.

” He described the move as a “profound shift” in Chinese politics, noting that past purges generally targeted officials who were only tangentially connected to Xi. Both Xi and Zhang are “princelings,” children of former senior officers.

Zhang, 75, was expected to retire in 2022 but was retained for a third term on the CMC, highlighting their close relationship. Analysts say his role overseeing military procurement, which has long been a focus of Xi’s anti-corruption campaign, likely contributed to the probe.

“The purge shows Xi is systematically reshaping the PLA leadership to ensure loyalty and competence,” said Neil Thomas, a fellow at the Asia Society. Analysts also point out that the move reduces the likelihood of an immediate military escalation against Taiwan while Xi installs trusted allies in key positions.

A front-page editorial in the PLA Daily described the investigation as a major achievement, accusing the two generals of violating the “Chairman Responsibility System,” under which Xi, as CMC chairman, holds supreme decision-making authority and absolute control over the military. “The reference to violations of the Chairman Responsibility System suggests Zhang had amassed too much influence outside Xi’s direct control,” said Lyle Morris, senior fellow at the Asia Society Policy Institute’s Center for China Analysis.

Xi’s anti-corruption drive has targeted both civilian and military officials since he came to power in 2012, including the elite Rocket Force, which oversees nuclear and conventional missiles. Two former defence ministers have also been purged in recent years.

Experts note that while corruption concerns may be genuine, they often serve as a pretext for political consolidation. James Char, of the S.

Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore, said investigating Zhang demonstrates that Xi is addressing claims that his PLA anti-corruption campaign had been selective. “Zhang had previously avoided consequences after his associate Li Shangfu was removed in 2023 for corruption in military procurement,” Char said.

The depletion of senior military leadership raises questions about the PLA’s operational chain of command. “It’s unclear how the military functions with so many senior officers removed and few replacements available,” Czin said.

Analysts expect higher-level initiatives, including expanded joint training, to slow until Xi rebuilds the CMC. Eric Hundman, director of research at BluePath Labs, a U.

S.-based security consultancy, said Xi may add new members or build a new decision-making apparatus around himself.

Thomas of the Asia Society noted that Xi could use the lead-up to next year’s Communist Party Congress to vet suitable candidates for the commission. Despite decades without war, China continues to assert itself in regional maritime disputes and around self-ruled Taiwan, which Beijing claims.

Large-scale military exercises were conducted around Taiwan late last year. Analysts suggest Xi’s focus on loyalty and discipline strengthens the military for future challenges rather than indicating an immediate conflict.

“Gutting the PLA high command suggests Xi is not planning a major attack on Taiwan in the near term. His purge is meant to elevate a cadre of competent and loyal generals who could pose a greater threat in the future,” Thomas said.

“Xi is a man on a mission, he will do whatever it takes to ensure the Party and the military remain politically loyal and ideologically committed.” .

Lands minister intervenes in Katoro dispute

Geita. The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development, Dr Leonard Akwilapo has intervened in a land-use dispute involving an investor and the Geita District Council.

In the intervention, Dr Akwilapo pledged to closely and jointly work with the Prime Minister’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG) in resolving the matter. The land dispute involved in Katoro Township Council in Geita Region and has attracted widespread attention especially on social media.

In a statement issued on Monday, January 26, 2026, Dr Akwilapo reminded all landowners to comply strictly with the permitted land-use conditions stated in their title deeds. “If a landowner intends to develop land for purposes different from those stated in the title deed, they are required by law to obtain approval for change of land use.

This ensures orderly development, reduces land-use conflicts, protects the environment and improves urban planning,” said Dr Akwilapo in a statement. He stressed that all developments must comply with urban planning laws and obtain the necessary approvals from relevant authorities, adding that technical experts from the ministry have already been deployed to investigate the dispute.

“Land experts from the ministry are currently working together with officials from the PMO-RALG. Dr Akwilapo said a joint report will be issued once the investigation is completed.

Earlier, the Minister of State PMO-RALG, Prof Riziki Shemdoe, directed Geita Regional Commissioner Martin Shigella on Saturday, January 24, 2026, to conduct a thorough investigation into the matter and submit a report within 14 days. Speaking to officials of the Geita Municipal Council, Prof Shemdoe cited allegations that an investor had occupied government land, demolished existing buildings and started business operations without authorisation.

“The video circulating online is disturbing. Legal action must be taken.

The government cannot be undermined, regardless of someone’s financial strength,” said Prof Shemdoe. According to the video, Geita Rural MP Joseph Kasheku famously Musukuma was seen confronting an investor, Mr Rashid Kwanzibwa, accusing him of demolishing four buildings, some of which had been damaged during the October 29, 2025 General Election unrest, without approval of the Katoro Township Council.

A council committee led by Geita District Council chairperson, MrJumanne Misungwi visited the site and ordered the investor to halt further development pending review, noting that the area had previously been used as a football ground. Mr Musukuma alleged that after government offices were burnt during the elections chaos, the investor brought heavy machinery to clear the land without consulting authorities, allegedly in collaboration with a local CCM leader.

He further claimed that despite the investor asserting he had a valid contract, investigations found no formal agreement at ward or higher party levels, adding that the land had traditionally been used for cultural activities. However, Mr Kwanzibwa denied wrongdoing, telling The Citizen that the land belongs to CCM and that he entered into an agreement with the ruling CCM.

He said the party initially allocated him a different plot where he constructed commercial buildings, but later reassigned him to the current site, saying the land-use category had been changed to commercial. Mr Kwanzibwa said while clearing the site, he was confronted by MPs Musukuma.

Together with his Katoro Constituency counterpart, Mr Kija Ntemi, the MP was among the council’s members of the Finance and Economic Committee who visited the site. He said the MP questioned the legality of his presence, “I explained that I had not started construction and that any contract documents should be sought from the party, which owns the land.

” “Despite that, the MP was not satisfied,” he added, noting that Mr Msukuma later assaulted him during the confrontation and that he was assisted by bystanders and committee members. Following the incident, Mr Kwanzibwa reported the matter at Katoro Police Station, where he was issued with a PF3 medical form and received treatment at Katoro Health Centre.

Regarding allegations that he demolished government buildings, Mr Kwanzibwa denied involvement, saying the structures had already been damaged during the election unrest and posed safety risks. .

How research is refining palm oil value chain to boost incomes

Dar es Salaam. Researchers have introduced science-driven technologies designed to transform traditional palm oil production into a modern, income-generating enterprise.

Through the technologies, recently introduced in Ifakara District of Morogoro Region, small-scale palm oil producers witnessed a quiet but significant shift in how their crop is processed and valued. On January 23, 2026, the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), through its Research and Innovation Management (RIM) Programme supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), took laboratory science directly to farmers and processors.

The two-day hands-on training brought together palm oil peasants, agro-processors, extension officers and university researchers. The objective was simple but ambitious: to demonstrate how applied research and modern processing technologies can unlock value addition, improve quality and raise rural incomes.

“Research has no real meaning if it does not improve people’s lives,” said UDSM Director of Research and Publication and Principal Investigator of the SidaRIM Subprogramme, Dr Mathew Senga. “Our responsibility as a public university is to ensure that the knowledge we generate translates into practical solutions that communities can use,” he said.

Experts said palm oil value addition matters because traditional extraction methods often compromise quality. Inconsistent heating, poor filtration and contamination reduce shelf life and limit access to formal and higher-value markets.

As a result, most smallholders sell crude oil at low prices, missing out on significant margins. For decades, palm oil has quietly sustained thousands of rural households in Tanzania.

From Kigoma and Kagera in the west to Morogoro and the Coast Region, the crop has been cultivated mainly by smallholders, processed using rudimentary methods and sold in informal markets at modest prices. Despite growing domestic demand, the sector has remained largely informal, low-tech and low-value.

Tanzania consumes far more edible oil than it produces. Official data show that the country meets only about 40 percent of its edible oil demand locally, forcing heavy reliance on imports.

Palm oil, which thrives in Tanzania’s agro-ecological zones, has long been identified as one of the strategic crops capable of closing this gap. Yet production challenges have not been agronomic alone; they have been technological.

At the centre of the Ifakara intervention was a compact palm oil refinery system developed and adapted by UDSM researchers. The system applies scientifically controlled refining stages–degumming, bleaching and deodorisation–to remove impurities, stabilise the oil and improve clarity and safety.

“Quality is not accidental,” explained a chemical and processing engineer, Dr Divine Kaombe, who led the technical demonstrations. “It is controlled through science: temperature, time, chemical balance and correct handling of equipment.

Once processors understand this, they can consistently produce oil that attracts better prices.” The Deputy Manager for Technology Development at UDSM’s Technology Development and Transfer Centre (TDTC), Dr Ibrahim Mwammenywa, said: “The problem has never been palm oil itself,” he said.

“The real challenge has been how it is processed. Technology is what turns effort into income.

” Crucially, the training went beyond oil extraction. Participants were shown how palm oil by-products can be converted into animal feed, soap, cosmetics, construction materials and even biodiesel.

For many farmers, this was a moment of realisation. “When farmers see that nothing goes to waste, their thinking changes,” Dr Mwammenywa noted.

“They begin to see palm oil processing as a business, not just a survival activity.” This is where research-driven technology becomes transformative.

By turning waste into products and informal activity into enterprise, science reshapes livelihoods. The intervention also reflects a broader shift in how agricultural research is conducted in Tanzania, from academic isolation to community-centred innovation.

TDTC, a specialised unit within UDSM’s College of Engineering and Technology, plays a critical bridging role. Equipped with modern engineering facilities such as CNC machines, 3D printers and prototyping tools, the centre designs technologies with small and medium enterprises in mind.

“TDTC exists to shorten the distance between innovation and impact,” said Dr Mwammenywa. “We adapt technologies to real conditions faced by rural processors, not ideal laboratory environments.

” Technology transfer, however, is as much about people as machines. Deputy Manager for Technology Transfer at TDTC, Dr Neema Msuya, emphasised capacity-building and follow-up support.

“Technology transfer is not about handing over a machine and walking away,” she said. “It is about ensuring users can operate, maintain and sustain the technology independently.

” Beyond Ifakara, the lesson is national. At a time when Tanzania is pushing for industrialisation, food security and import substitution, the palm oil initiative demonstrates how research, when deliberately applied, can modernise agriculture.

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Sewage overflow continues to plague Kariakoo traders

Dar es Salaam. Whether during the rainy or dry season, overflowing sewage from manholes in several streets in Kariakoo continues to trouble traders, food vendors and thousands of people who visit the busy commercial hub for business.

In streets including Uhuru, Msimbazi and Sikukuu, wastewater frequently spills onto roads, producing foul odours and unsanitary conditions. Despite repeated interventions by the Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (Dawasa), which has periodically set up repair camps in Kariakoo to rehabilitate sewerage and drainage infrastructure, the problem persists in the densely populated and congested area.

Investigations by The Citizen’s sister newspaper Mwananchi, conducted at different times in January, found that ongoing construction activities in Kariakoo are among the major contributors to the problem. The dumping of solid waste such as clothes, stones, tyres and plastic materials into sewer systems has also been cited as a key cause of blockages.

A petty trader along Sikukuu and Mchikichi streets, Mr Salehe Othman, said the problem directly affects business as customers cannot comfortably stop to browse. “When sewage overflows, the whole area smells.

Customers cannot stand here; they pass quickly or go elsewhere,” he said. A household goods trader, Mr Shaaban Said, said the situation becomes worse during heavy rains, when parts of Kariakoo turn into pools of dirty water and, in some areas, human waste floats on the surface.

“You arrange your goods and suddenly water starts coming out slowly, and later it flows with sewage. When it rains, the situation becomes even worse,” he said.

A food vendor operating along Uhuru and Sikukuu streets, Ms Zainabu Zawadi, said the problem disrupts daily business activities whenever manholes overflow. “When people see sewage flowing near a place where food is sold or displayed, they hesitate to buy because they fear contamination from nearby buildings,” she said.

Pedestrians also complained of constant inconvenience, saying they are sometimes forced to walk through sewage or change routes, increasing health risks. A resident of Dar es Salaam, Ms Sauda Shaibu, said women wearing long dresses often struggle to avoid dirty water.

“Those of us who wear long dresses have a hard time. You have to hold your dress to avoid the dirty water.

On Msimbazi Road, motorcycles and cars splash filthy water, which is very risky,” she said. Kariakoo West Street chairperson, Mr Said Omary said the sewage problem has become chronic due to ongoing construction that blocks drainage channels and underground systems.

“We were informed that the old systems would be removed and replaced with new ones, and we are still waiting. Construction activities have blocked existing systems, so when water reaches blocked areas it has nowhere to go except to overflow,” he said.

What authorities say Dar es Salaam City Council engineer, Mr Issack Mtega, said the problem is largely caused by illegal connections of sewer lines into storm-water drainage systems. He explained that storm-water systems were designed strictly to carry rainwater, but they have been interfered with by sewage connections, reducing efficiency.

“People have connected sewage lines to storm-water systems. When it rains or when toilets are flushed, wastewater backs up and floods the streets,” he said.

Mr Mtega said the current strategy involves inspecting houses one by one and directing property owners to disconnect improperly connected systems. “This problem affects the entire Kariakoo area and some other parts of the city.

We may even need consultants to reassess the whole system. The city allocates up to Sh300 million annually for unblocking drains,” he said.

He added that whether it rains or not, conditions in Kariakoo remain the same because systems have been altered, exposing residents and traders to contaminated water. “People end up walking in water mixed with sewage, which poses serious health and environmental risks,” he said.

Unplanned construction Mr Mtega acknowledged that ongoing construction in Kariakoo has worsened the situation, with some drainage channels being blocked or built over without observing infrastructure layouts. “In the past, there were separate sewer and storm-water systems, but many have been blocked.

People build without considering underground infrastructure,” he said. He added that while some areas have been upgraded with new systems, older ones remain in place, causing inefficient water flow.

Dawasa Director of Sewerage, Ms Lidya Ndibalema, said frequent blockages result from improper use of sewer systems, including the dumping of solid waste into toilets and drains. She said Dawasa operates 24-hour emergency teams equipped with vacuum trucks and high-pressure cleaning machines to respond to blockages.

“Blockages are common because people use toilets daily and foreign materials get stuck in the lines. When we respond, we often find sand and debris.

Once we receive reports, our teams act immediately,” she said. Ms Ndibalema added that sewer cleaning is part of routine maintenance, not only an emergency response, with lines cleaned section by section to prevent major blockages.

She said Dawasa is also constructing modern wastewater treatment plants in areas such as Buguruni and Jangwani. Large pipelines, she explained, collect wastewater from residential areas through the city centre, including Upanga, before pumping it to central treatment plants.

“These major plants are accompanied by rehabilitation of old systems to increase capacity for collecting and treating wastewater as the city’s population grows,” she said. She stressed that controlling blockages depends heavily on public cooperation in using sewer systems properly and reporting problems early.

“Even after cleaning today, blockages may occur again tomorrow. That’s why our teams remain on standby.

But if residents use the systems correctly, the problem will significantly reduce,” she said. Ministry strategy On January 14, 2026, Water Minister Jumaa Aweso said cooperation between the governments and South Korea will strengthen sewerage services in Dar es Salaam and surrounding areas.

Speaking after holding talks with South Korea’s Ambassador to Tanzania, Ahn Eunju, Mr Aweso said the two countries are jointly implementing a $90 million (Sh223.65 billion) sanitation improvement project expected to benefit about 1.8 million residents in the city, noting that the project is being implemented by Dawasa.

He said discussions held in Dodoma focused on strengthening water supply and sanitation services, water resource management, wastewater treatment, rainwater harvesting and investment opportunities in the water sector. Mr Aweso said the project is currently being implemented in Dar es Salaam City and Kinondoni council and has reached 10.8 percent completion.

He added that the project will improve wastewater management systems to match the expected increase in clean water usage. Mr Aweso said a modern wastewater treatment plant being constructed in Buguruni will replace the outdated pond-based treatment system currently in use.

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