PM ignores calls to fire Chadchart

Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul rejected calls to remove Bangkok governor Chadchart Sittipunt from his post as the government urged agencies to focus on draining floodwaters and restoring affected areas rather than political criticism.

“Never thought about it,” Mr Anutin said when asked about calls for Mr Chadchart’s removal. He said excessive criticism of officials while they were working to help flood victims could slow operations, adding the priority should be resolving the immediate crisis.

The government has assigned Defence Minister Lt Gen Adul Boonthumjaroen to oversee and coordinate flood-response efforts in Bangkok, working with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) and other agencies. The government has also mobilised pumps, machinery, boats and personnel to assist the city.

The calls for Mr Chadchart to step down have come from several quarters. Panthep Puapongpan, chairman of the Yarm Fao Phaendin Foundation, said the governor should resign to take responsibility, alleging shortcomings in water management, pumping capacity and assistance to residents.

Mr Chadchart, meanwhile, said it was up to the prime minister and that he had no problem with any decision.

Flooding eased in several areas on Thursday, with water in Lat Phrao Road now drained and conditions improving around the Kheha Klong Chan flats and Sri Burapha Road. However, five areas remained affected by high floodwaters, according to the government: Krungthep Kritha Road, parts of Lat Krabang Road, the Lat Krabang-Rom Klao area, Chalong Krung Road and Suwinthawong Road.

At Kheha Klong Chan, water levels had fallen to about 30-40 centimetres, allowing pedestrians and pickup trucks to enter. Smaller pumps were being deployed because larger pumps become less effective as water levels fall.

The BMA said it would focus next on Lat Krabang and Saphan Sung.

NBTC moves to break 2-month deadlock

Six commissioners of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) are set to hold their own board meeting on Friday without the chairman, breaking a deadlock of more than two months of cancelled meetings that has left a ballooning agenda.

The meeting is scheduled for 10.30am on Friday and is supported by the NBTC office.

NBTC chairman Dr Sarana Boonbaichaiyapruck called for regular meetings on Oct 1-2, though he requested to be absent from them.

An NBTC source who requested anonymity said all six commissioners agreed the NBTC office should arrange the meeting, select a temporary chair for the meeting, organise the backlog of agenda items and establish a framework for subsequent meetings.

Acting secretary-general Trairat Viriyasirikul sent the letters to the six commissioners to join the meeting. However, the source said this special meeting and any approved agenda items could risk regulatory challenge, as Dr Sarana holds the power to arrange NBTC meetings because he is still chairman.

Commissioner Pirongrong Ramasoota said the first task on Friday will be to elect one of the six commissioners to chair the meeting. No agreement has been reached in advance on who should take the role.

The arrangement of agenda items, assignment of responsibilities and scheduling of subsequent meetings will be determined during the board meeting.

She said Mr Trairat informed the commissioners that the original Friday meeting called by Dr Sarana would have to be cancelled before a special meeting of the six commissioners can begin so that the two meetings do not overlap.

The special meeting will not immediately consider all of the outstanding agenda items, determining which can proceed based on the status of previous approvals and which may need to go through the regulatory process again, said the source.

Commissioner Suphat Suphachalasai said the handling of the agenda backlog must be undertaken carefully to ensure that every step complies with the law and does not create legal problems later.

“This is not a 100-metre sprint. Everything has to be done cautiously and in accordance with the law so that there will be no problems in the future,” he said.

The six commissioners are also considering holding another meeting early next week and increasing the frequency of special meetings in order to gradually clear the accumulated workload.

Mrs Pirongrong said the meeting should give top priority to considering issues facing the digital TV broadcasting industry.

“The rhetoric of a failed meeting must end. From now on, journalists should not use that description. We intend to work for the public and clear all the outstanding matters,” she said.

The board meetings have failed repeatedly since July as many commissioners declined to attend after the NBTC selection panel ruled in July that Dr Sarana lacked the qualifications to hold the office.

Flooding persists in 31 provinces, Bangkok, affecting 1.24m households

Flooding remains widespread across 31 provinces and Bangkok, with more than 1.24 million households affected nationwide, as authorities intensify drainage operations and provide urgent assistance to affected residents.

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) director-general Nirat Pongsitthaworn said on Friday that persistent heavy to very heavy rainfall in many parts of the country, combined with runoff from northern provinces flowing into the Central Plains, had led to extensive water across large areas.

Floods have affected 31 provinces, 179 districts, 1,279 tambons and 9,339 villages, in addition to Bangkok.

A total of 1,245,581 households, or 3,535,206 people, have been affected, said Mr Nirat, citing the data from the DDPM’s emergency operations centre as of 6am on Friday. The affected areas by region are as follows:

North

Flooding persists in four northern provinces.

Phitsanulok: Flooding has affected two tambons and two villages in Bang Rakam district. Water levels are falling.

Phetchabun: Six districts – Muang, Chon Daen, Bueng Sam Phan, Wichian Buri, Si Thep and Nong Phai – have been affected, covering nine tambons and 19 villages and affecting 82 households. Water levels are falling.

Kamphaeng Phet: Flooding has hit two districts, Khanu Woralaksaburi and Khlong Khlung, covering 21 tambons and 191 villages and affecting 3,128 households. Water levels are falling.

Nakhon Sawan: Flooding has affected 14 districts – Phayuha Khiri, Phaisali, Tha Tako, Banphot Phisai, Lat Yao, Kao Liao, Muang, Chum Saeng, Tak Fa, Mae Wong, Takhli, Chum Ta Bong, Krok Phra and Nong Bua – covering 85 tambons and 501 villages and affecting 11,928 households. Water levels are rising.

Central Plains

Flood conditions have worsened in several provinces in the Chao Phraya River basin.

Uthai Thani: Eight districts have been affected – Nong Chang, Huai Khot, Sawang Arom, Nong Khayang, Ban Rai, Lan Sak, Muang and Thap Than – covering 56 tambons and 413 villages and affecting 4,785 households. Water levels are rising.

Lop Buri: Flooding has affected five districts – Muang, Tha Luang, Phatthana Nikhom, Khok Samrong and Ban Mi – covering 23 tambons and 84 villages and affecting 1,657 households. Water levels are rising.

Chai Nat: Seven districts – Muang, Manorom, Wat Sing, Sapphaya, Hankha, Nong Mamong and Sankhaburi – have been hit, covering 38 tambons and 168 villages with 1,581 households affected. Water levels are rising.

Sing Buri: Flooding has hit three districts – Muang, In Buri and Phrom Buri – covering three tambons and 11 villages and affecting 974 households. Water levels are rising.

Suphan Buri: Nine districts – Bang Pla Ma, Song Phi Nong, Don Chedi, Si Prachan, Muang, Sam Chuk, Doem Bang Nang Buat, U Thong and Dan Chang – have been inundated, covering 92 tambons and 667 villages and affecting 18,987 households. Water levels are rising.

Kanchanaburi: Flooding has hit 13 districts – Sai Yok, Lao Khwan, Huai Krachao, Nong Prue, Phanom Thuan, Dan Makham Tia, Tha Muang, Tha Maka, Bo Phloi, Sri Sawat, Thong Pha Phum, Muang and Sangkhla Buri – covering 90 tambons and 884 villages and affecting 9,635 households. Two people have died and water levels are rising.

Ang Thong: Five districts – Pa Mok, Chaiyo, Wiset Chai Chan, Muang and Samko – have been affected, covering 33 tambons and 146 villages and affecting 2,009 households. Water levels are rising.

Saraburi: Flooding has affected 13 districts – Nong Saeng, Muak Lek, Muang, Phra Phutthabat, Kaeng Khoi, Nong Khae, Wang Muang, Nong Don, Wihan Daeng, Ban Mo, Don Phut, Sao Hai and Chaloem Phra Kiat – covering 87 tambons and 566 villages and affecting 5,393 households. One person has died and water levels are falling.

Ayutthaya: Flooding has hit 13 districts – Sena, Bang Ban, Phak Hai, Bang Sai, Bang Pa-in, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Bang Pahan, Lat Bua Luang, Nakhon Luang, Wang Noi, Uthai, Tha Ruea and Phachi – covering 169 tambons and 1,104 villages and affecting 44,865 households. One person has died and water levels are rising.

Samut Prakan: Six districts – Muang, Bang Sao Thong, Bang Phli, Bang Bo, Phra Pradaeng and Phra Samut Chedi – have been affected, covering 38 tambons and 382 villages and affecting 307,704 households. Eight people have died and water levels are rising.

Pathum Thani: Flooding has affected seven districts -Thanyaburi, Muang, Sam Khok, Khlong Luang, Lam Luk Ka, Nong Suea and Lat Lum Kaeo – covering 29 tambons and 510 villages and affecting 182,290 households. Water levels are rising.

Nonthaburi: Three districts – Muang, Bang Kruai and Pak Kret – have been affected. Water levels are rising.

Nakhon Pathom: Flooding has affected seven districts – Muang, Phutthamonthon, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Chai Si, Sam Phran, Bang Len and Don Tum – covering 105 tambons and 793 villages and affecting 43,687 households. Water levels are rising.

Ratchaburi: Seven districts – Photharam, Bang Phae, Damnoen Saduak, Muang, Ban Pong, Wat Phleng and Chom Bueng – have been affected, covering 42 tambons and 178 villages and affecting 3,663 households. Water levels are rising.

Phetchaburi: Flooding has affected two tambons and three villages in Kaeng Krachan district, involving six households. Water levels are falling.

East

Flood conditions remain severe across several provinces.

Nakhon Nayok: Four districts – Pak Phli, Muang, Ban Na and Ongkharak – have been affected, covering 41 tambons and 416 villages and affecting 49,018 households. Water levels are rising.

Prachin Buri: Flooding has hit seven districts – Kabin Buri, Sri Maha Phot, Na Di, Muang, Prachantakham, Ban Sang and Sri Mahosot – covering 61 tambons and 625 villages and affecting 39,977 households. Water levels are rising.

Chachoengsao: Eleven districts – Bang Nam Priao, Phanom Sarakham, Bang Khla, Tha Takiap, Sanam Chai Khet, Plaeng Yao, Muang, Ban Pho, Bang Pakong, Khlong Khuean and Ratchasan – have been affected, covering 89 tambons and 736 villages and affecting 47,959 households. Water levels are rising.

Sa Kaeo: Flooding has affected two districts, Muang and Aranyaprathet, covering four tambons and 33 villages and affecting 4,373 households. Six people have died and water levels are falling.

Chon Buri: Ten districts – Muang, Sattahip, Phanat Nikhom, Si Racha, Bang Lamung, Ban Bueng, Nong Yai, Ko Chan, Phan Thong and Bo Thong – have been affected, covering 78 tambons and 354 villages and affecting 118,723 households. Water levels are rising.

Rayong: Flooding has affected two districts, Muang and Klaeng, covering nine tambons and 73 villages and affecting 1,760 households. Water levels are stable.

Chanthaburi: Two districts – Na Yai Am and Tha Mai -have been affected, covering 10 tambons and 55 villages and affecting 7,460 households. Two people have died and water levels are falling.

Trat: Flooding has affected three districts – Bo Rai, Khao Saming and Muang – covering 17 tambons and 138 villages and affecting 1,310 households. Water levels are falling.

Northeast

Floodwaters have eased in several northeastern provinces.

Buri Ram: Flooding has affected two districts, Nang Rong and Prakhon Chai, covering 23 tambons and 199 villages and affecting 3,164 households. Water levels are falling.

Chaiyaphum: Two districts, Bamnet Narong and Chatturat, have been affected, covering five tambons and eight villages and affecting 17 households. Water levels are falling.

Surin: Flooding has affected two districts, Phanom Dong Rak and Prasat, covering 10 tambons and 65 villages and affecting 200 households. Water levels are falling.

Yasothon: Two districts, Kham Khuen Kaeo and Pa Tiu, have been affected, covering five tambons and 12 villages and affecting 243 households. Water levels are falling.

Bangkok

Flooding has affected 329,000 households in Bangkok and was linked to four deaths. Water levels are falling.

Mr Nirat said the DDPM is continuing to closely monitor the flood situation and coordinate with local agencies to speed up assistance to residents.

Priority is being given to draining floodwater, assisting vulnerable groups, moving belongings to safety and providing essential supplies. In areas where the situation is improving, authorities have been instructed to assess damage and compile information on impacted residents so assistance can be provided in accordance with relevant protocols and regulations.

The DDPM will continue issuing warnings and monitoring the situation until conditions return to normal, said the department chief.

Insurance regulator sets 5 flood-damage levels for vehicles

The Office of Insurance Commission (OIC) has set five damage levels for flood-affected combustion-engine vehicles, based on how high the water reaches, as Thai insurers prepare for a surge in claims once floodwaters recede.

The five levels are:

Level A: Water reaches the floor carpet; estimated repair costs are 8,000 to 10,000 baht.

Level B: Water reaches the seats; estimated repairs cost 15,000 to 20,000 baht.

Level C: Water reaches the lower dashboard; estimated repair costs are 25,000 to 30,000 baht.

Level D: Water reaches the upper dashboard; repair costs exceed 30,000 baht.

Level E: The vehicle is completely submerged and may be deemed a total loss, subject to the terms of the insurance policy.

For electric vehicles (EVs), assessments must also consider battery and other vehicle damage, along with the requirements of the relevant manufacturer and model.

OIC secretary-general Chuchatr Pramoolpol urged flood victims to put safety first and avoid returning to flooded or unsafe areas to collect evidence for insurance claims. If an area remains inaccessible, policyholders should notify their insurers and gather further evidence when it is safe to do so.

For flooded vehicles, policyholders should check whether their policies cover flood damage. Type 1 motor insurance includes flood coverage, while Type 2+ and Type 3+ policyholders should check whether they have purchased additional flood coverage.

The OIC warned motorists not to start flooded vehicles, as doing so could cause further damage to the engine, electrical systems and interior equipment. Once it is safe, owners should photograph or record the vehicle’s exterior and interior, including water levels or watermarks. They should then notify their insurers, providing their policy details, registration number, location and details of the damage.

The OIC has instructed insurers to ensure they have enough staff, loss adjusters, claims channels, repair shops, tow trucks and other resources to handle a potential rise in claims. Insurers must also speed up damage surveys and enter inaccessible areas as soon as conditions allow.

For homes and other property, policyholders should check whether their policies cover natural disasters or flooding and review the applicable coverage limits. Once it is safe, they should document damage to structures, floors, walls, furniture and electrical appliances, including water levels or watermarks. They should also prepare a list of damaged items before notifying their insurers.

The OIC has instructed insurers to assess claims promptly. When damage is clearly established, claims should be paid within seven days. For total-loss cases, relevant documents should be collected alongside the damage assessment. The agency will coordinate with relevant agencies to help reduce documentation and settlement delays for vehicles under hire-purchase agreements.

The regulator has created a central directory of insurers’ claims channels on its website and LINE Official Account, @OICCONNECT. Policyholders can also use these channels to check policy information and seek insurance advice.

The OIC hotline, 1186, will be available 24 hours a day through Oct 5 for inquiries, complaints and assistance. Policyholders can also use the OIC’s online channels and PPMS complaint system.

Mr Chuchatr said policyholders should not worry if they are unable to collect all documents or evidence during the flooding. They should notify their insurers first and gather any additional evidence once conditions are safe, he added.

Toyota suspending work at three Thai plants from Oct 5-10

Toyota Motor Thailand Co said on Friday that it would suspend production at three plants from Oct 5 to 10 due to flooding that has disrupted parts deliveries in Samut Prakan, Chachoengsao and Chon Buri provinces.

The announcement updates a notice issued on Wednesday about production suspensions because of flood impacts on suppliers as well as employees who were unable to travel to work.

Toyota said the duration of the Oct 5-10 suspensions at its Samrong, Banpho and Gateway plants was subject to adjustment depending on conditions and the availability of parts deliveries.

‘The company is closely monitoring the situation and coordinating with parts suppliers to expedite the restoration of deliveries, while managing parts inventories and adjusting production and logistics plans,’ the statement said.

‘Updates, including the confirmed production resumption date, will be communicated promptly through the relevant channels.’

The company also said that if delivery schedules for any customers are affected, it would coordinate with its dealers to promptly communicate updated information and confirm delivery dates.

Damage caused by heavy rainfall in Thailand’s eastern and central regions over the past week is expected to exceed 1 billion baht, according to a preliminary assessment by the Federation of Thai Industries (FTI).

Thai Airways CEO ousted over flood mishaps

The board of Thai Airways International on Friday dismissed chief executive officer Chai Eamsiri following the widespread mismanagement of flight schedules and severe baggage backlogs during the heavy flooding in Bangkok that started on Sept 25.

The board cited persistent operational failures, ranging from extensive flight delays and baggage handling chaos to broader ground service breakdowns, as the rationale for Mr Chai’s termination, noting that the issues have sparked a formal inquiry into the accountability of senior executive management.

Led by chairman Lavaron Sangsnit, the permanent secretary at the Ministry of Finance, the board resolved to appoint Samrit Samniang as full-time acting chief executive officer in place of Mr Chai, tasking him with urgently resolving the operational crises plaguing the national flag carrier.

A former executive of PTT Exploration and Production Plc and a current Thai Airways board member, Mr Samrit must swiftly stabilise operations, clear backlogs and work to restore passenger and public trust, the board said.

A committee has also been established to investigate separate allegations against Mr Chai concerning the procurement of 860,000 bottles of wine valued at more than 800 million baht from a single vendor.

Mr Chai said after the meeting that he had been informed of the decision to remove him as CEO but had not been given a clear reason. He will remain a company director while the fact-finding process takes place.

The airline had previously announced the cancellation of 24 flights scheduled for Oct 1 and Oct 2 to address a backlog exceeding 10,000 pieces of luggage and cargo, with plans to resume full-scale operations by Oct 3.

THAI said following Friday’s board meeting that it would re-examine its management structure to prevent recurring disruptions. Moving forward, the company will also review its employment frameworks for ground and warehouse personnel, particularly regarding multi-tiered subcontracting and external outsourcing.

Mr Chai, who has publicly ?apologised for the chaos that hit operations at Suvarnabhumi airport, joined the national carrier in 1985, rising through the ranks to become its chief financial officer before being appointed CEO in 2023.

Thai Airways went into bankruptcy-protected restructuring in 2020, reducing its workforce by half and trimming its fleet, before achieving a turnaround in its .

As ?of June 30 this year, the airline operated a total of 84 ?aircraft covering 61 destinations in 27 countries.

Mr Chai won plaudits in the industry and from investors for his role in steering the carrier back to financial health. Its shares resumed trading ?on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in ?August 2025, after it exited its debt restructuring programme.

Shares of Thai Airways (THAI) closed on Friday at 5.70 baht, up 0.05 baht from the day before, with turnover totalling 706 million baht.

Baku hosts theatrical concert dedicated to Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov

A theatrical concert titled “The Musical World of Bulgakov” has been held at the Azerbaijan State Academic Musical Theatre.

The event was timed to the 135th anniversary of the birth of renowned Russian writer, playwright and theatre director Mikhail Bulgakov, as well as the 60th anniversary of the first publication of his most famous novel, “The Master and Margarita.”

Mikhail Bulgakov’s artistic world contains many mysteries and an inexhaustible range of colors, including the writer’s deep connection with music. His sensitive ear captured and preserved everything in his memory – the intonations of those around him, the timbre of voices, popular melodies he heard on the street, and nuances in opera singers’ performances.

The novels, stories and plays of Bulgakov reflect the entire musical and sonic landscape of his era, with each melody serving as a key to understanding the literary text.

The concert offered audiences musical interpretations of some of the mysteries hidden in Bulgakov’s works. The theatrical production featured familiar characters from his prose, including Professor Preobrazhensky, Major General Charnota, Margarita and Woland, as well as characters and scenes from famous operas such as “Faust,” “La Traviata,” “Demon,” “The Queen of Spades,” “Eugene Onegin” and “The Snow Maiden.”

The production also portrayed Mikhail Bulgakov himself, members of his family and prominent figures of his time, including Alexander Vertinsky and Fyodor Chaliapin.

The artistic director, stage director and presenter of the project, Alena Inyakina, PhD in Art Studies and associate professor at the Baku Music Academy, guided the audience through the role of music in Bulgakov’s works.

She explained how music functions in his writing as a parallel dramatic element, a commentary on the action, a foreshadowing device, a means of psychological characterisation, a musical depiction of scenery and, in some works, an expression of the underlying idea.

The audience enjoyed works from the world’s vocal and instrumental classical repertoire, as well as folk music, performed by international competition laureates, including Honored Artist Anton Fershtandt, theatre soloist Yulia Heydarova, Baku Music Academy accompanist Dilara Karimova, State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre artist Ruslan Persan, State Choral Chapel artists Kamilla Imanova and Elyar Aliyev, Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory student Teymur Kazimov, Baku Music Academy graduate Zeyna Jafarova and Baku Music Academy student Amin Heydarov.

Held to a full house, “The Musical World of Bulgakov” concluded with prolonged applause from the audience.

Media partners of the event are Azernews.Az, Trend.Az, Day.Az and Milli.Az.

US deploys additional Patriot batteries to protect oil facilities in Saudi Arabia and Qatar

The United States has deployed two additional Patriot missile batteries to protect oil and gas facilities in Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

According to Axios, one of the batteries has been deployed in Saudi Arabia to protect a major oil facility, while the other has been stationed in Qatar to defend a gas facility. Washington is reportedly seeking to strengthen the security of its allies’ energy infrastructure through the deployment.

The United States sought to reassure both allies that it would protect their critical energy infrastructure if U.S. President Donald Trump decided to resume large-scale military operations against Iran.

In early August, when Trump was considering a major attack that could have included strikes on Iran’s energy infrastructure, the leaders of Saudi Arabia and Qatar urged him not to proceed. They expressed serious concern that Iran could retaliate by targeting their oil and gas facilities.

U.S. officials said these requests were a major factor in Trump’s decision not to strike Iran and instead pursue a campaign of economic pressure.

Meanwhile, the USS Theodore Roosevelt aircraft carrier and its strike group have headed toward the Middle East. The carrier is expected to arrive in the region in mid-November.

This would allow the United States to have three aircraft carrier strike groups operating in the Middle East simultaneously.

President: The current Armenian leadership used to make territorial claims against us

‘All the blame cannot be pinned solely on the previous leadership of Armenia. Even though the previous Armenian leaders are all war criminals and must face their punishment,’ President Ilham Aliyev said during his speech at the 8th Congress of the New Azerbaijan Party (YAP).

‘The current Armenian leadership used to make territorial claims against us, attempted to insult the Azerbaijani people, and offended the dignity of the Azerbaijani people with inappropriate and uncouth statements,’ the head of state noted, adding that ‘we must never forget any of this.’

2020 exposed limits of international law: what President Aliyev’s Al Jazeera interview revealed

The most revealing part of President Ilham Aliyev’s 2020 Al Jazeera interview was not what the Azerbaijani leader said about the war that had just begun. It was the chronology behind his argument.

For President Aliyev, the events of September 2020 did not begin on 27 September. They began almost three decades earlier, when the conflict over formerly occupied Karabakh turned into a war that left Azerbaijan with large areas of its internationally recognised territory outside its control. By 1993, the UN Security Council had adopted four resolutions calling for the withdrawal of occupying forces from Azerbaijani territory and urging a negotiated settlement. Those resolutions were unanimous, though their implementation remained elusive.

That gap between legal language and political reality became the central grievance in the Azerbaijani President’s argument. The problem, he said, was not the absence of international law but the absence of consequences for failing to implement it. Besides, there is a difficult truth behind that frustration, as events in the past portrayed quite a different picture. For example, the OSCE Minsk Group spent decades trying to mediate the conflict, while the status quo survived. For Azerbaijan, every year of unsuccessful diplomacy was not simply another year without peace. It was another year in which hundreds of thousands of displaced people remained unable to return to their homes.

However, what happened in the past was not left unnoticed, and the turning point came gradually. The April 2016 fighting demonstrated that the old ceasefire was fragile and that talks and promises at the negotiation table yileded results in favour of only one side – Armenia – the party that was appetised with every single negligence by international organisations and mediators. Perhaps it was the first test of Armenia itself on the battleground since its first invasion of Azerbaijani territories and its old and dilapidated military arsenal that it inherited from the Soviet leftovers. Then came the political upheaval in Armenia in 2018 and increasingly confrontational rhetoric. That was another major event in the history of Armenia where political collisions revealed real weakness in the transformation from an occupant to a self-declared so-called ‘republic’ mode. In July 2020, fighting erupted around Tovuz, far from the main Karabakh frontline, and President Aliyev presented this sequence as evidence that the existing diplomatic process was being hollowed out.

Then finally came 27 September.

The international response was familiar, with calls for an immediate ceasefire and a return to negotiations. The OSCE Minsk Group co-chairs after a long time of silence and blindness, condemned the use of force and insisted that there was no alternative to a negotiated settlement. The European Union took a similar position, calling for a halt to hostilities and substantive negotiations without preconditions. But this is where the political argument became more complicated.

We are not even talking about the ICRC and a number of humanitarian organisations raising an outcry and sounding the alarm under the guise of humanitarianism, or the manoeuvring attacks by certain Western media groups. Until Armenia raised the white flag on the battlefield, why were these organisations so remarkably quiet about the very issues they are now making so much noise about?

Nevertheless, in Baku, such appeals were increasingly heard as another demand to preserve a status quo that had itself become intolerable. The European Parliament’s debate reflected the competing narratives surrounding the conflict. Some MEPs stressed Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity and the long-standing UN framework, while others focused heavily on the humanitarian consequences of the renewed fighting and allegations concerning Turkiye’s role. Moreover, this reinforced a long-standing perception for Azerbaijan that European institutions applied international principles inconsistently. Whether one accepts that interpretation or not, it became an important part of Baku’s political worldview.

So here it should definitely be brought to the attention of those who blamed Azerbaijan for escalation in the South Caucasus, where the war eventually answered the diplomatic stalemate on the battlefield.

Azerbaijan regained substantial territory during the 44-day war, including Shusha, which was the honour and core of the country’s culture. On 10 November, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Russia signed a statement establishing a ceasefire and providing for the return of Aghdam, Kalbajar and Lachin to Azerbaijani control. That indicated that the political geography of the South Caucasus had changed.

President Aliyev’s most consequential argument in that 2020 interview was therefore about perseverance. Azerbaijan, he insisted, had spent years pursuing negotiations while maintaining that territorial integrity was non-negotiable. When diplomacy failed to produce implementation, Baku was prepared to change the balance itself. So, that neither makes war a substitute for diplomacy nor does it erase the human cost suffered by civilians on both sides. But it does explain why the Azerbaijani leadership viewed the 2020 campaign not as an isolated military episode but as the culmination of a political strategy.

Certainly, the deeper lesson here is about the credibility of international institutions. Let’s assume that a resolution without enforcement can remain legally significant while becoming politically powerless. A mediation process can preserve dialogue while also, unintentionally, preserving the conditions that produced the dispute.

Therefore, for Azerbaijan, 2020 was the moment that contradiction ended. The country stopped waiting for the international system to deliver the outcome it believed the system had already endorsed in principle, and most significantly, the victory did not simply change the map. It changed Baku’s understanding of its own place in the regional order.

And that may be the most enduring message of President Ilham Aliyev’s 2020 interview: Azerbaijan’s policy was built around patience, but patience was never presented as surrender. When the old diplomatic formula failed to change the reality on the ground, Baku eventually decided that the reality itself had to change.