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As it is located in the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire,’ the Philippines is at risk from earthquakes, with the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) saying that 100 to 150 earthquakes hit the country every year.

Last Tuesday, Sept. 30, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake hit Cebu, leaving 69 people dead, 147 individuals wounded, and P2 billion worth of damage.

RELATED STORY: ‘Big One’ scenario in Metro: 52,000 dead, 500,000 injured

Rafael Alejandro IV, assistant secretary of the Office of the Civil Defense, said most of the deaths were in Bogo City-the epicenter of the earthquake-at 30, followed by 22 in San Remigio; 10 in Medellin; five in Tabogon; and one each in Sogod and Tabuelan.

The province is already in a state of calamity, with officials saying they do not know the extent of the damage because a lot of areas, specifically remote villages, have yet to be accessed.

The magnitude 6.9 earthquake hit at 9:59 p.m., with the epicenter located 21 kilometers northeast of Bogo City with a shallow depth of five kilometers, which was felt as far as Camarines Sur in Luzon and Davao del Sur in Mindanao.

An earthquake, Phivolcs said, is ‘a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by sudden movement of rock materials below the earth’s surface.’ It said earthquakes originated in the tectonic plate boundary.

There are two ways by which we can measure the strength of an earthquake: magnitude and intensity. Magnitude is proportional to the energy released by an earthquake where its strength was most felt, while intensity is generally higher near the epicenter.

Back in 2022, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake (earlier measured at 7.3) hit Tayum, Abra, prompting President Ferdinand ‘Bongbong’ Marcos Jr. to order the immediate deployment of rescue and relief teams to Northern Luzon.

The earthquake, which was strongly felt in Luzon, killed 11 people and left P1.4 billion worth of damage.

Heritage structures in Vigan City, Ilocos Sur were also reported damaged by the earthquake, which struck at 8:43 a.m., and felt at different levels of intensities mainly in Northern Luzon and as far as Metro Manila.

An earthquake, Phivolcs said, is ‘a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by sudden movement of rock materials below the earth’s surface.’ It said earthquakes originated in the tectonic plate boundary.

RELATED STORY: Earthquake damages structures, bridges in Abra town – initial reports

There are two ways by which we can measure the strength of an earthquake: magnitude and intensity. Magnitude is proportional to the energy released by an earthquake where its strength was most felt, while intensity is generally higher near the epicenter.

INQUIRER.net lists down some of the killer earthquakes that hit the Philippines, which is surrounded by active faults, like the West Valley Fault, which is 100 kilometers in length.

GRAPHIC: Ed Lustan

Casiguran earthquake

A magnitude 7.3 earthquake with an intensity of 8 struck Casiguran, Aurora at 4:19 a.m. on Aug. 2, 1968, the most severe and destructive experienced in the Philippines then, leaving ‘several millions of pesos worth of damage.’

Phivolcs said 270 people were killed and 261 were injured as a result of the earthquake. A six-story building in Binondo, Manila collapsed instantly while some buildings near Binondo and Escolta in Manila sustained varying levels of structural damage.

‘The cost of property damage was several million dollars. Extensive landslides and large fissures were observed in the mountainous part of the epicentral area. Tsunami was also observed and recorded as far as observations in tide gauge stations in Japan.’

Moro Gulf earthquake

Phivolcs said that a few minutes after the stroke of midnight on Aug. 17, 1976, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake hit the island of Mindanao, triggering a tsunami that devastated more than 700 kilometers of the coastline bordering Moro Gulf in Celebes Sea. Damage was estimated at P6.7 billion.

It was an earthquake that resulted in massive destruction of properties and great loss of lives-8,000. Phivolcs said the tsunami was responsible for 85 percent of deaths, 65 percent of the injuries, and 95 percent of those missing.

‘After the sea spent its fury and rolled back to its natural flow, thousands of people were left dead, others homeless or missing and millions of pesos lost with the damages of properties.’

Some of the structures damaged by the earthquake were the Notre Dame University, Dawns Hotel, Imperial Hotel, Melbourne Hotel, New Society Hotel, Cotabato Cinema, and the Immaculate Conception Church.

Laoag earthquake

On Aug. 17, 1983, 8:18 p.m., a magnitude 6.5 earthquake with an intensity of 7 hit the province of Ilocos Norte, with a tremor that was perceptible over a distance of 400 kilometers from the epicenter.

Phivolcs said this was the most severe earthquake in northwestern Luzon in 52 years and probably the second strongest earthquake to hit Laoag City and its immediate vicinity.

This earthquake, which destroyed buildings in the province, left 16 people dead and 47 people wounded. The most heavily damaged structures in Laoag City are those near the Laoag River flood plain and along reclaimed stream channels.

‘Several earthquake-induced landslides were observed in places where the slopes along road cuts were steep to very steep. This condition had been aggravated by prolonged rainy days, absence of vegetation to hold the soil, and moderately weathered rocks.’

Panay earthquake

Panay Island was hit by a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on June 14, 1990, leaving eight people dead and 41 people wounded. Its epicenter was tagged in the vicinity of Culasi, Antique province.

The earthquake’s depth, Phivolcs said, was computed to be 15 kilometers and was generated by fault movement in the collisional zone off western Panay Island. An intensity of 7 was felt in Culasi, Antique and Libacao, Aklan.

Because of the earthquake, 15 percent of residential houses collapsed while the rest were damaged. Several commercial buildings, a school, a church, and bridges collapsed. Damage was estimated at P30 million.

Luzon Earthquake

The International Code Council said the magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck the island of Luzon on July 16, 1990, wreaked havoc across a sizeable portion of the island, the country’s largest, with Baguio City suffering the most devastating effects.

The epicenter of the earthquake, which struck at 4:26 p.m., was located in Rizal, Nueva Ecija. The shaking went on for nearly a full minute and collapsing buildings were the main cause of damage and death.

The earthquake resulted in a number of collapsed buildings, left an estimated $369 million worth of damage, and 2,412 people dead. It produced a 125-kilometer long ground rupture that stretches from Dingalan, Aurora to Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya.

Mindoro earthquake

According to the International Tsunami Information Center, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake hit Mindoro province on Nov. 15, 1994, leaving damage worth P67. 2 million. The earthquake generated a local destructive tsunami.

In Oriental Mindoro, the combined effects of the earthquake and the tsunami killed a total of 78 people, injured 430, damaged or destroyed 7, 566 houses in 13 out of 15 municipalities, damaged roads, destroyed or damaged 24 bridges, and sunk numerous fishing boats.

It said there was no time to issue a warning. Approximately five minutes after the tremor, tsunami waves struck along a 40-kilometer stretch of the northern and eastern shoreline of Mindoro island, from Puerto Galera up to Pinamalayan.

Negros Oriental earthquake

A magnitude 6.7 earthquake shook the provinces of Negros and Cebu, and nearby islands of Western Visayas region at 11:49 a.m. on Feb. 6, 2012.

The earthquake was generated by a thrust fault movement with the epicenter located in Tayasan, Negros Oriental. An intensity of 8 was felt in Tayasan, Vallehermoso, Jimalalud, La Libertad, and Guihulngan, Negros Oriental.

The estimated cost of damage to infrastructure was P383 million. The earthquake left 51 dead and 112 injured, while 62 went missing from the landslide in Solongon, La Libertad and Planas, Guihulngan

Tsunami waves as high as five meters likewise struck Barangays Martilo, Pisong, and Magtalisay in La Libertad, Negros Oriental. Coastal areas of Negros Oriental from San Jose to Vallehermoso, and Cebu from Badian to Barili were also affected by the tsunami.

Bohol earthquake

It was on Oct. 15, 2013 when a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck the Visayas. The epicenter was located in Bohol in Central Visayas, but the shaking was felt as far as Southern Mindanao.

The earthquake affected over 1.2 million people, 222 people died, 976 were injured and eight people were missing. Over 79,000 structures including homes, roads, churches, schools and public buildings were damaged, according to a World Health Organization report. At least 14,500 of these structures were destroyed, the WHO report said.

The earthquake, which hit a month before Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) struck the Visayas, left damage worth P2.25 billion.

Central Luzon earthquake

Zambales, Pampanga, and nearby provinces were hit by a magnitude 6.1 earthquake at 5:11 p.m. on April 22, 2019, leaving damage to infrastructure worth P539 million.

The epicenter was located 18 kilometers east of Castillejos, Zambales, on a mountainous area, at a depth of 10 kilometers. Small-magnitude earthquakes followed afterwards, and as of 8:00 a.m. of 23 April 2019, 421 aftershocks have been recorded.

The earthquake left 18 people dead, 256 people injured, while three people went missing.

Davao del Sur earthquake

At 2:11 p.m. on Dec. 15, 2019, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake shook the province of Davao del Sur and its vicinity. The earthquake’s epicenter was located nine kilometers northwest of Matanao, Davao del Sur, at a depth of three kilometers.

This earthquake followed the recent earthquake events on July 9, 2019 and Oct. 16 2019. After this, a total of 530 small to moderate magnitude earthquakes have been recorded.

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council said the earthquake left nine dead and injured hundreds of people. Damage was estimated at P4.55 million.

The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) on Thursday vowed to ‘fully implement’ the Public Transport Modernization Program (PTMP), despite delays.

‘We remain focused on our mandate, which is to guarantee the unimpeded implementation of the PTMP,’ LTFRB Chairperson Atty. Teofilo Gaudiz III was quoted in a statement.

Gaudiz also shared that the LTFRB is seeking financial assistance from government institutions to cover the loan obligations of modernized jeepney operators.

‘We have been seeking dialogue with our partner government financing institutions to assist modernized jeepney fleets to meet their loan obligations under the PTMP,’ he said.

He then assured that the agency goes through a ‘thorough technical, legal, and financial evaluation’ for the transport groups and commuters.

Former Transport Secretary Vince Dizon said in June 2025 that the PTMP was ‘not viable’ due to the inability of those who purchased the modern jeeps to pay their loans.

By June 2025, the government is expected to have released loans of up to P15 billion through the Land Bank of the Philippines and the Development Bank of the Philippines, with over P5 billion still outstanding.

Dizon also stated that the program involves ‘a lot of problems,’ but asserted that it will push through.

A special committee was formed in April 2025 to review the government’s modernization program for public utility vehicles, aiming to expedite its implementation.

Tropical Storm Paolo will bring over 200 millimeters (mm) of rain in Isabela, Quirino, and Aurora from Thursday evening to Friday afternoon, the state weather bureau said.

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (Pagasa) said Paolo was last located approximately 480 kilometers east of Infanta, Quezon at 4 p.m., moving west-northwestward at 15 kilometers per hour (kph), Pagasa reported.

The state weather bureau also said Paolo has maximum sustained winds of 85 kph and gusts of up to 105 kph.

In its 5 p.m. advisory, Pagasa also reported the following rainfall forecast from Thursday to Friday afternoon.

100 to 200 mm

Cagayan

Kalinga

Mountain Province

Ifugao

Benguet

Nueva Vizcaya

Nueva Ecija

50 to 100 mm

Apayao

Abra

Ilocos Sur

La Union

Pangasinan

Zambales

Tarlac

Bataan

Pampanga

Bulacan

Rizal

Laguna

Quezon

Camarines Norte

Camarines Sur

Catanduanes

Additionally, the trough of the cyclone was forecast to bring scattered rains over Metro Manila, the rest of Luzon, Eastern Visayas and Western Visayas.

Pagasa hoisted Tropical Cyclone Signal (TCWS) no. 2 over Isabela, the northern portion of Quirino, the northern portion of Nueva Vizcaya, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Ifugao, and the northern portion of Aurora.

Meanwhile, TCWS no. 1 was raised in Cagayan, the rest of Quirino, the rest of Nueva Vizcaya, Apayao, Abra, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, the northern portion of Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, the rest of Aurora, the northern portion of Bulacan, the northern portion of Pampanga, the northern portion of Quezon including Polillo Islands, Camarines Norte, the northern portion of Camarines Sur, and Catanduanes.

The local government of Zamboanga City sent off a 19-member team for a humanitarian mission to quake-hit Cebu on Wednesday.

Zamboanga City Mayor Khymer Olaso said the team was composed of personnel from the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO), the City Health Office, and the City Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDP), to provide medical assistance and help in the relief, search, and rescue operations in the province.

The team left Zamboanga City on Wednesday evening and expected to arrive in Cebu on Thursday, bringing along 1,000 sacks of rice, 1,000 boxes of canned goods, and 1,000 jerry cans with water.

A 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck Cebu province around 10 p.m. on September 30, killing more than 70 people, mostly from badly-hit Bogo City.

In Pagadian City, Mayor Samuel Co is still coordinating with the Cebu local government to determine the unmet immediate needs of the people not covered by the assistance that has been pouring into the province.

Co, who also serves as vice president for Mindanao in the League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP), said that he is coordinating with members to send more assistance to Cebu.

The Independent Commission for Infrastructure (ICI) has invited former Public Works and Highways secretary and now Senator Mark Villar to attend its hearing on the investigation into the flood control anomalies.

Based on the invitation issued on Thursday, ICI Chair Andres Reyes requested Villar to appear before the ICI hearing in Taguig City at 9:00 a.m. on Tuesday, October 7.

Reyes said Villar’s appearance is ‘to testify under oath to discuss and shed light relative to the planning, budgeting, execution, supervision, and monitoring of flood control and other infrastructure projects under your jurisdiction during your tenure as Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), which is the subject matter under inquiry/ investigation by the Commission.’

Meanwhile, Villar broke his silence on Thursday, saying that he welcomes any investigations on his alleged involvement in anomalous flood control projects, maintaining that he has ‘nothing to hide.’

In a statement, the former DPWH-chief-turned-senator categorically stated that he has neither direct nor indirect ownership nor controlling interest in any company participating in DPWH projects.

‘The official record will confirm that none of my relatives acquired any contracts from 2016 to 2021, during my tenure as Secretary,’ said Villar.

On Thursday, Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla said that there are efforts from the camp of Villar to set up a meeting, but added that he has yet to respond to it.

Remulla said that his preference for all official communications and proceedings to be handled ‘transparently, officially, across the board.’

‘I still don’t have a response, as I’d rather everything be done through official channels. This ensures it’s handled transparently, officially, and consistently across the board, leaving no room for accusations,’ Remulla told reporters.

Remulla said there is a necessity to thoroughly review documents related to whatever issues the senator’s camp wants to discuss.

Villar was the DPWH chief from 2016 to 2021, during the administration of former President Rodrigo Duterte.

On Wednesday, ICI executive director Brian Keith Hosaka said in an ambush interview that Villar, as well as former House Speaker and Leyte Rep. Martin Romualdez, and Ako Bicol party-list Rep. Elizaldy Co, will be subpoenaed to attend its hearing on the investigation of the flood control anomalies.

The National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) announced that electricity services in Eastern Visayas have been fully restored following the magnitude 6.9 earthquake that struck Bogo City, Cebu, on Tuesday night.

In its 10:00 p.m. advisory on Wednesday, NGCP said that the Leyte-Samar sub-grid was completely restored at 7:12 p.m., ensuring normal power supply in the region despite several transmission lines in other parts of the Visayas still being down.

The quake forced four power plants to shut down, leaving 348.2 megawatts of supply unavailable.

On the transmission side, the Tabango-Kananga 230kV Line 1 was restored at 9:18 p.m. Still, other major lines remain out of service, including the Daanbantayan-Tabango and Daanbantayan-Compostela 230kV Lines, as well as the Leyte-Luzon 350kV High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Line.

Earlier, NGCP placed the Visayas grid on yellow alert after reserves fell below the required level. This was lifted at 9 p.m. after available capacity reached 2,239 megawatts against a peak demand of 1,950 megawatts.

A yellow alert is issued when the operating margin is insufficient to meet the transmission grid’s contingency requirement.

NGCP assured the public that transmission services in the Visayas grid are now operating normally, and that restoration work on the remaining affected facilities continues.

The idea of leaving the majority bloc had crossed Sen. JV Ejercito’s mind as he expressed dismay over how the Senate seems to be losing its focus on the real culprits behind the anomalous flood control projects.

For now, Ejercito said he stays with the majority bloc.

‘As for me, everyone knows I just focus on work. But if you’re no longer happy, then what?’ he said in a Viber message, written in Filipino, on Thursday.

But in an earlier interview posted on social media, Ejercito admitted that he almost left the majority group because he feels that they are already burning down their own house.

‘To be honest, I seriously thought about leaving the majority. Because if this is the direction we’re headed, it’s like we’re burning down our own house. We’re neglecting our colleagues, and we’re forgetting who the real culprits are,’ he said in the interview.

Former and incumbent senators have been accused of receiving kickbacks from either ‘ghost’ or substandard flood control projects of the government.

The scandal has been the subject of separate investigations by the Senate blue ribbon committee, the House of Representatives infrastructure committee, and the Independent Commission for Infrastructure (ICI).

Meanwhile, Senate President Pro Tempore Panfilo Lacson, chairman of the blue ribbon panel, recently disclosed that almost all senators in the 19th Congress inserted P100 billion worth of items in the 2025 General Appropriations Act.

‘We’re losing focus on the real perpetrators and those behind the chaos,’ Ejercito went on, still responding to queries on Viber.

‘It’s really sad and discouraging. Everything that’s happening is so frustrating – we can’t move forward anymore,’ he further lamented.

Worse, the senator feared that the issues hounding the Senate could ignite calls for its abolition through Charter change.

‘This might just be another People’s Initiative all over again – destroy the Senate so that through Charter change, it can be abolished entirely,’ he said.

The Makabayan bloc in the House of Representatives on Thursday slammed a Senate resolution urging the International Criminal Court (ICC) to place former President Rodrigo Duterte under house arrest, branding it as a ‘brazen, self-serving attempt’ to cover up his crimes.

In a joint statement, the bloc composed of ACT Teachers Rep. Antonio Tinio, Kabataan Rep. Renee Louise Co, and Gabriela Rep. Sarah Elago urged the ICC to proceed with Duterte’ prosecution, as the resolution only proved that the former president continued to enjoy influence at the highest levels of government.

‘This is not a humanitarian gesture, but a brazen attempt to obstruct justice and protect a mass murderer responsible for thousands of extrajudicial killings,’ they said.

‘We reject the Senate’s claims of humanitarian concerns. The same senators who now plead for Duterte’s comfort showed no compassion for the thousands of victims of his brutal drug war – mostly urban poor and marginalized communities who were summarily executed,’ they added.

On Wednesday, the upper chamber voted 15-3-2 to adopt Senate Resolution No. 144, which argued that Duterte should undergo a medical examination to determine whether he was fit to withstand regular detention.

‘Should the medical findings prove that his detention will further worsen his medical condition, (the ICC should) allow the former president to be detained under house arrest,’ read the resolution, which was signed by Senate Majority Leader Juan Miguel Zubiri and Senate Minority Leader Alan Peter Cayetano.

The 80-year-old former president has been detained at the Scheveningen prison in The Hague since March as he awaits trial over charges of crimes against humanity.

His camp has claimed a myriad of medical issues ailing the former president – from cognitive impairment to supposedly being discovered unconscious on the floor of his room – as they try to get the ICC to stop its trial.

The Makabayan lawmakers are unconvinced, however, and noted that the ‘same senators who now plead for Duterte’s comfort showed no compassion for the thousands of victims of his brutal drug war – mostly urban poor and marginalized communities who were summarily executed.’

Specifically, they highlighted what they called the irony of one of the resolution’s sponsors: Sen. Ronald ‘Bato’ dela Rosa, Duterte’s former police chief and implementer of the war on drugs, who was named in ICC documents as a potential co-perpetrator in three counts of murder against the former president.

‘How can someone involved in a crime pass a resolution about it to his benefit? This only proves the Dutertes remain very powerful in the Philippines and that no justice can be achieved if he is tried here,’ Tinio said.

Echoed Co: ‘This is nothing more than a political maneuver designed to protect Duterte and his cohorts from facing the full weight of international justice. The Senate is more concerned with protecting a former president than delivering justice to thousands of victims of state-sponsored killings.’

Elago, meanwhile, described the measure as an ‘insult’ to families who lost loved ones in Duterte’s bloody campaign.

‘This is not about mercy, but about perpetuating impunity,’ she said.

The government can save around P400 billion should it decide to reprice or outright cancel Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) existing projects worth P1.6 trillion, Batangas Representative Leandro Legarda Leviste said on Thursday.

Leviste, in a statement, cited the case of the DPWH Regional Office IV-A’s decision to terminate a P95.99 million flood control project in Lemery, Batangas, even if it was awarded to a contractor last June 2025.

The lawmaker relayed that DPWH Regional Director Jovel Mendoza said that the contract has been terminated because of a ‘change in government policy on the implementation of flood control-related projects,’ before adding that no payments would be made since it was only recently awarded.

‘After all the hearings and protests against corruption in DPWH, we must remember there are over P1 trillion ongoing projects and another P600 billion in upcoming projects that DPWH can still do something about: Use its grounds to terminate contracts, and lower the DUPA (Detailed Unit Price Analysis), to save P400 Billion from P1.6 Trillion in projects,’ Leviste said.

‘DPWH is continuing to spend on overpriced projects every day, losing over P1 billion per day or P30 billion per month, and it is within DPWH’s power to stop these losses now,’ he added.

Leviste said he and the Lemery local government unit (LGU) questioned the flood control project, as it was supposedly implemented without coordination with local officials, without a building permit, and despite the lack of alignment with the LGU’s flood control master plan.

According to Leviste, DPWH contracts allow for ‘Termination for Convenience’ if the project has become ‘economically, financially, or technically impractical and/or unnecessary, such as, but not limited to, fortuitous event(s) or changes in law and national government policies,’ without any penalty to the government

‘DPWH contracts also allow for ‘Termination for Unlawful Acts’ if the contractor has committed unlawful acts including ‘corrupt, fraudulent, collusive and coercive practices; drawing up or using forged documents; using adulterated materials, means or methods, or engaging in production contrary to rules of sincere or the trade’,’ Leviste pointed out.

‘[.] (The) DPWH can invoke ‘Termination for Convenience’ as DPWH Regional Office IV-A did in the case of the Lemery flood control project, or ‘Termination for Unlawful Acts’, citing the testimony of former DPWH Undersecretary Roberto Bernardo that ‘almost 100 percent’ of DPWH bids in the whole country are rigged, and the testimony of former DPWH Bulacan 1st District Engineer Brice Hernandez that ‘all’ DPWH projects in his district need to be substandard because of 25-30 percent kickbacks that contractors pay to win rigged bids,’ he added.

During the entire deliberations on the proposed 2026 national budget, Leviste has been looking for ways to trim down the DPWH budget-and possibly realign it towards funding college scholarships. Last September 12, the lawmaker said a lower allocation for DPWH can be used to provide college scholarships through the Commission on Higher Education’s Tulong Dunong Program.

On August 19, Leviste said that amid concerns about corruption and substandard work in flood control projects, the over P250 billion fund allocated for such projects in 2026 should be redirected to the construction of classrooms and other more pressing matters.

Leviste said that since President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. himself has indicated that flood control projects may have been affected by corruption, half of the funds for this purpose can be used to create more classrooms, while the other half can help in lowering taxes.

In response, Budget Secretary Amenah Pangandaman said that it is up to Congress’s prerogative if they see that flood control funds are better off with the education sector-especially since the executive branch has made it a point to focus on education for 2026.

Eventually, the resubmitted DPWH budget was slashed by P255.5 billion, part of which was allocated towards social aid, health programs, and a higher education budget.

Last September 18, Leviste secured Secretary Vince Dizon’s approval to reduce DPWH costs to 10 percent, allowing the country to save more funds.

Leviste suggested lowering the DUPA by 10 percent. DUPA is the breakdown of costs for projects like construction materials, expense for use of equipment, and labor. According to Leviste, during the time of former Public Works Secretary Rogelio Singson, the DUPA was brought down by 10 percent, and he believes it can be cut down by 15 to 20 percent currently.

No official from the Office of the Vice President (OVP) showed up again for the plenary debates at the House of Representatives, with Vice President Sara Duterte demanding two conditions for her to show up before the chamber.

During the plenary session on Thursday, the proposed OVP budget was once again brought up, as the House seeks to end debates on House Bill (HB) No. 4058 or the General Appropriations Bill (GAB). However, budget sponsor and Palawan 2nd District Rep. Jose Alvarez admitted that no one from the OVP is present to assist him.

Instead, Alvarez showed three letters from Duterte – first, assigning staffers like Assistant Secretary Lemuel Ortonio and others to attend in her behalf; second, notifying the House committee on appropriations that Ortonio has been designated as officer-in-charge due to the leave of absence of Undersecretary Zuleika Lopez; and a set of demands for her appearance at the House plenary.

Part of Duterte’s demands is for President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. to also show up at the House to defend the Office of the President budget.

‘Thirdly, we still have another letter addressed to our chair, (Nueva Ecija Rep.) Mikaela Angela Suansing [.] In view of these letters Mr. Speaker, we have given the Office of the Vice President utmost respect in the procedures of this Congress in order to deliberate on the budget of the OVP,’ Alvarez said.

‘Mr. Speaker, there’s no one from the Office of the Vice President, and I’m prepared to stand alone here, and to stand for the budget of the OVP,’ he added.

Alvarez also read the letter.

‘It has come to my attention that the Office of the Vice President’s (OVP) budget of P902.895 million has been deferred due to the committee’s insistence that I attend the plenary deliberations. I am prepared to attend, however, I am seeking the following: 1. The House of Representatives demand the attendance of President Marcos for the P27.3 billion budget deliberation of the Office of the President,’ Duterte said, as relayed by Alvarez.

‘Alternatively, I will attend if the Committee on Good Government and Public Accountability will produce before the plenary schedule, a Department of Justice (DO) document confirming that the Immigration Lookout Bulletin Order (ILBO) for the following OVP personnel has been lifted: Atty. Zuleika Lopez, Mr. Lemuel Ortonio, Atty. Rosalynne Sanchez, Atty. Sunshine Charry Fajarda, Ms. Gina Acosta, Ms. Julieta Villadelrey, Mr. Edward Fajarda,’ she added.

OVP’s budget was originally scheduled to be discussed last Tuesday, but it was deferred to Wednesday, due to the absence of an undersecretary-level official to assist the budget sponsor.

Proposed allocation

On Wednesday, Minority Leader Marcelino Libanan asked whether Vice President Sara Duterte is present to defend the agency’s proposed allocation for 2026. Deputy Speaker Yevgeny Emano, who was presiding over the session, asked Deputy Majority Leader and Mindoro 1st District Rep. Arnan Panaligan to respond.

Panaligan then named the officials sent by OVP, which includes Ortonio. After this response from the Panaligan, Libanan asked if the requirement of the House is to have either the head of agency or the second-in-command – an undersecretary-level official – assist the budget sponsor in defending the proposed budget.

Panaligan confirmed this, before adding that plenary debates on the OVP budget was actually scheduled for Tuesday, but it was rescheduled to Wednesday because of the same issue.

This is not the first time that the OVP sent an official that is not of an undersecretary level. Last September 12, at the initial budget hearing before the House committee on appropriations, the panel was forced to reschedule the discussions as Ortonio was the highest-ranked official that Duterte sent.

Budget sponsor and Palawan 2nd District Rep. Jose Alvarez said that Vice President Duterte will eventually show up on September 16 – a promise that she fulfilled.

During the committee hearing, both the Minority and the Majority accorded parliamentary courtesy to Duterte, sparing her from questions by the panel’s members. Duterte however waived the parliamentary courtesy given, answering some questions from the Minority solons.

This allowed ACT Teachers party-list Rep. Antonio Tinio and Kabataan party-list Rep. Renee Co to raise questions regarding low obligation rates and the disallowed OVP confidential funds.

Parliamentary courtesy for OVP has been a hot topic as the Minority through Senior Deputy Majority Leader and Caloocan 2nd District Rep. Edgar Erice joined the Majority in vowing to maintain this tradition for high-ranking officials.

Tinio objected to this, saying that while this is a tradition, current times call for the waiving of these parliamentary courtesy. The lawmaker also challenged Duterte to waive this courtesy so that she can answer questions related to her offices’ budget.

According to Tinio, Duterte has to answer several important questions – like who is Mary Grace Piattos, the name that signed off several acknowledgement receipts of the OVP confidential fund expenditures.

Piattos, along with other weird names, were not found inside the Philippine Statistics Authority database for live birth, marriage, and death registry.