Breaking down Osimhen’s history of on-field brawls

A fierce and fearless competitor, Nigeria’s Victor Osimhen, has carved a niche for himself as a one of the world’s most deadly strikers that is constantly on the radar of top European clubs, especially those faced with goal scoring problems.

However, his disciplinary record portrays him as a ‘double-edged sword’ for the same fiery intensity that makes him a world-class striker also frequently lands him in the referee’s book.

According to available records, as of yesterday, Osimhen has received at least 46 yellow cards throughout his professional career for club and country.

5 most notable on-field altercations involving Osimhen

April, 26, 2026: This latest brawl ensued between Galatasaray’s Osimhen and a Fenerbahce defender, Mert Mldr, who were engaged in a prolonged dragging contest and face-off following a late-game challenge during the Turkish Sper Lig match. Both players were yellow carded. Osimhen scored a goal in the 3-0 victory.

October 4, 2025: In a fiery Istanbul derby against Besiktas, Osimhen was booked for grabbing opponent Emirhan Topçu by the throat during an argument. His international teammate and captain, Wilfred Ndidi, had to wade in to calm him down.

September 2023: While playing for SSC Napoli, Osimhen visibly shouted at his manager Rudi Garcia after being substituted in a 0-0 draw against Bologna. He later apologized to the coach and his teammates in the dressing room.

December 2023: During a match against Roma, Osimhen was sent off after receiving two yellow cards. Earlier in the match, Mourinho had confronted him on the touchline, accusing him of ‘play-acting’.

August 2021: Osimhen received a red card just 22 minutes into the Serie A season opener for slapping Venezia’s Daan Heymans during a corner kick.

Meanwhile, even as he has been involved in several heated altercations and high-profile brawls, he has consistently avoided being sent off during his time in Trkiye. Instead, his aggressive play has resulted in a high volume of yellow cards and a suspension.

A leopard, a shepherd, and bleating sheep

It was plainly spoken by the ninth Archbishop of the Church of Uganda and Bishop of Kampala, the Most Reverend Stephen Samuel Kaziimba Mugalu Mbowa.

To those who beseech religious leaders to use their good offices and privileged positions in life to speak out against the NRM government’s excesses, especially abduction and imprisonment of opponents for long periods without trial, this is what he had to say. That he is a person with a family who also fears being killed.

Dying for speaking truth to power in a confrontational manner like the late Archbishop Janani Luwuum did, does not have a lot of impact as it ends one’s mission. He would rather do so privately with love than go telling it on the mountain.

This was as honest and realistic as they get and quite revealing too. For instance, by stating his fear of death, he equates the powers that be to Idi Amin, a man who President Museveni loathes and denigrates as a murderous buffoon. Also, the confession that he is not a saviour but a fallible human being disabuses Ugandans of the notion that they should just stand by and wait for redemption caused by the Church.

But much as high office and leadership come with rewards and privileges, there are concomitant risks. The mark of good leaders is the way they face challenges as opposed to self-preservation. Suffice to say that the Church of Christ is strengthened by martyrdom and sacrifice, right from St Stephen to John the Baptiser to the Uganda Martyrs to Janani Luwuum, and that is why they are celebrated.

In the Bible, there is no record of Jesus belittling John for what led to his beheading. Ironically, on June 3, the bishops implore the faithful to emulate the martyrs. Of course, they don’t mean copying their mundane hairstyles or dress codes. It is a reference to dying, literally or figuratively, for their faith.

One may fault the archbishop on many fronts. For instance, when the Church is in need of funding its activities, it does not take it to the cross like the archbishop tells the faithful to do with the cries against injustice. Instead, it preaches the gospel of ‘the importance of giving’. It looks towards the pockets of the faithful, who also have lives to live and families to feed. Secondly, clerics don’t necessarily need to speak. Their actions may be louder and more impactful.

Globally, the Church creates awareness by dedicating, say one Sunday in every month to the cause of social justice for those suffering specific injustices like abduction and imprisonment. They may call for donations to help the families of such victims and go to prison to pray with them. On February 23, prayers were scheduled for Dr Kizza Besigye, all political prisoners, and the sick.

The State stopped them, meaning it got the message. Thirdly, not every cleric who has spoken truth to power ends up being killed. But they are terribly inconvenienced, like it happened to Archbishop Desmond Tutu in apartheid South Africa, who was banned from travelling for campaigning against apartheid. More than the death of clerics, the ‘inconvenience’ of being at odds with the government is the most existential threat Ugandans and the Church face today.

It is common with media houses being barred from State functions, to the revoking of civil society organisation licenses, to Opposition parties being stopped from campaigning. Uganda, as most have come to learn, is increasingly about the President’s family and the circle that surrounds them. Their favour brings fortune, while the consequences of their displeasure are gravely ruinous.

Yet in this ecosystem, the Church in Africa and Uganda today has a major challenge of funding following the disagreements with the global north, which is mainly the wealthy Western countries. The majority of prelates in poor countries in the global south under the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON) have issues with the liberal attitude towards same sex marriages and, in some cases, the ordination of women.

They are for upholding conservative Anglican tradition and teaching. Increasingly, the benefactor of the Church is the government. President Museveni, in particular, has been very magnanimous in this regard. Every newly consecrated bishop walks away with a brand-new four-wheel drive vehicle and a cash gift.

Most Church development projects like schools and hospitals, are similarly gifted. The Church House that risked being auctioned by the bank was financially salvaged partly by President Museveni. Where the Church has had challenges with, say, squatters on its land, the President’s orders carry more weight than a supreme court judgement. Antagonising such deep pockets is like poking the back side of a leopard.

The numbers may dwindle in the CoU, which already is under pressure from conversions to the Pentecostal movement. In fact, bishops and priests may rebel against their shepherd, the archbishop.

Religion plays a very important role for believers in Uganda’s identity politics. During the religious wars between 1888 and 1892, Muslims, Protestants, and Catholic factions competed for political power.

It brewed and spilt over to the pre-independence contention between the predominantly Catholic Democratic Party (DP) of Benedicto Kiwanuka and the Protestant leaning Uganda People’s Congress (UPC) of Milton Obote. The British fought to create an ‘Anglican Presidency’ by manipulating the electoral system.

This, together with the alliance between UPC and Kabaka Yekka, brought Obote to the apex. A parishioner as president means a lot to a religious sect. Whatever is said about Amin, Muslims relish the period he ruled between 1971-1979.

Several were catapulted into the high echelons of power, the economy, and in social standing. Because Museveni is an Anglican, it is unlikely that the CoU would come down hard on one of their own even if the faithful feel a soft approach to the excesses of power is ineffective and leaves the sheep bleating on their own.

Why the Tanga oil refinery makes sense and what it means for EA

At the Africa We Build Summit, organised by Africa Finance Corporation, Kenyan President William Ruto stated that he is discussing with Mr Aliko Dangote a joint plan to build an oil refinery at Tanzania’s port of Tanga. The plan also contemplates a refined-product pipeline infrastructure from Tanga to Mombasa, with onward movement to Uganda through the Eldoret-Kampala pipeline being jointly developed by Kenya and Uganda.

Africa’s richest man, Mr Dangote, who also attended the conference, reportedly said he could replicate his 650,000-barrel-per-day Nigerian refinery in East Africa, provided governments in the region supported the initiative. This may mark a critical turning point in the way Africa is beginning to think about natural resources.

Africa must stop treating value-addition as a narrow national project. The East African Crude Oil Pipeline (Eacop) already places Tanga at the centre of the emerging petroleum logistics system. A refinery at or around that coastal hub would sit where crude supply, export logistics, refined-product distribution and regional market access can be integrated efficiently.

A purely national refinery, even where technically sound, can struggle with crude supply risk, logistics cost inefficiencies and refined-products market risk. A regional refinery, properly structured, addresses those risks by aggregating crude supply, rationalising infrastructure and expanding the product market across borders.

I appreciated this during the negotiations for the RT Global Consortium, which had been selected as the preferred bidder to develop Uganda’s 60,000 barrels-per-day refinery. Those negotiations ultimately collapsed, largely because the core risks around crude supply, logistics and refined-product markets could not be satisfactorily resolved within a purely national refinery structure.

Later, when the Eacop Project was conceived, it became clear to me that Tanga was emerging not only as an export outlet, but as the natural coastal hub around which a regional refinery could be structured. The significance goes beyond joint development of petroleum resources. The same structural problem exists in minerals.

Tin, tungsten, iron, phosphates, graphite, rare earth elements, and other strategic minerals across East Africa cannot be optimally developed through isolated national projects alone. Mineral processing plants, smelters, refineries and mineral-based manufacturing hubs require scale, reliable feedstock, power, transport, water, skills and market access.

Those conditions do not always sit neatly within the borders of the country where the resource is first extracted. This is where the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community becomes important. It commits Partner States to cooperate in the joint exploration and exploitation of natural resources.

A regional refinery at Tanga would, therefore, be more than a commercial project. It would be a practical expression of the Treaty’s integration logic. Africa’s resource endowment is vast, but value-addition remains limited because projects are still too often conceived within national silos.

Africa’s natural-resource strategy cannot be realised within national borders alone. It must evolve towards regional, and eventually continental, projects that align resources, infrastructure and markets. The refinery at Tanga, if delivered, should be seen not as the exception, but as the model.

SLITHM successfully concludes ‘Pedal for Tourism and Sustainability’

The Sri Lanka Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management (SLITHM) successfully organised the vibrant and meaningful event titled Pedal for Tourism and Sustainability – SLITHM Bicycle Parade 2026 on 26 April 2026.

This initiative, organised by the SLITHM Cycling Club, was held with the objective of promoting sustainable tourism, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles among students and the wider community. The event drew enthusiastic participation, with approximately 100-150 cyclists including students, staff members, and invited guests.

The bicycle parade commenced from the SLITHM premises and proceeded along a designated route through the city towards Independence Square before returning to SLITHM. Throughout the ride, participants actively engaged in spreading awareness by displaying messages emphasising the importance of eco-friendly tourism practices and environmental conservation.

Key highlights of

the event:

Promoted sustainable and environmentally friendly tourism practices

Enhanced the public image and visibility of SLITHM

Encouraged healthy and active lifestyles among youth

Fostered teamwork and student engagement

Generated positive public interest and media attention

The event was conducted with the full support and coordination of relevant authorities, including traffic police and first-aid services, ensuring a safe and smooth experience for all participants.

A key highlight of the parade was the generous sponsorship by ProBike, a leading name in Sri Lanka’s cycling industry. ProBike provided 100 bicycles along with essential safety equipment such as helmets, reinforcing their commitment to promoting sustainable transportation and a strong cycling culture in Sri Lanka. With over 30 years of experience, ProBike continues to play a significant role in developing the local cycling community by introducing internationally recognised bicycle brands and services.

New chapter in Sri Lanka-China tourism and educational ties

Tourism Deputy Minister Prof. Ruwan Ranasinghe successfully concluded an official visit to Sichuan Tourism College, China, on 23 April. The visit marked a significant milestone in advancing bilateral cooperation in tourism education, cultural exchange, and industry development under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

The Deputy Minister was warmly welcomed by Wang Chuan, Deputy Party Secretary and President of Sichuan Tourism College. Both sides engaged in extensive discussions on strengthening collaboration in tourism talent development, joint research, and vocational training. The dialogue reflected the shared vision of Sri Lanka and China to deepen cultural and educational ties, while also promoting sustainable tourism practices.

Prof. Ranasinghe fondly recalled his years of doctoral study at Sichuan University, noting that Sichuan had become his ‘second home.’ He emphasised the complementary strengths of Sri Lanka and Sichuan in tourism resources, highlighting opportunities for collaboration in culinary arts, hospitality, and eco-tourism. His remarks underscored the importance of building bridges between academic institutions to foster innovation and mutual growth.

During the visit, Prof. Ranasinghe toured the university’s History Museum, Culinary and Food Science Laboratory Building, and the Institute of Mountain Tourism and Leisure Science. He commended the college’s achievements in developing disciplines around the ‘Greater Tourism’ full industry chain, praising its innovative approach and practical outcomes.

In the afternoon, Prof. Ranasinghe delivered a lecture titled ‘China-Sri Lanka Cultural Bonds: Past, Present, and Future’ to faculty and students. He highlighted culture as a core driving force for tourism development and stressed that policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, digital empowerment, and educational exchanges under the Belt and Road Initiative can transform cultural bonds into sustainable cooperation. The interactive session with students and faculty created a warm and enthusiastic atmosphere, further strengthening people-to-people ties.

The visit concluded with a cooperation symposium, where both sides reached preliminary consensus on several joint initiatives:

Establishment of a Chinese Sichuan Cuisine Academy

Creation of a China-Sri Lanka Joint Research Center for Mountain Tourism

Launch of a China-Sri Lanka Cultural Tourism Cooperation Platform

Development of an Innovation Service Research Center for Hospitality

Expansion of Sri Lankan student enrollment under the ‘Study at Sichuan Tourism College’ program

President Wang Chuan outlined next steps for project coordination and implementation, ensuring that the agreed initiatives will be translated into tangible outcomes.

This visit builds on the strong foundation of cultural exchange established during Sri Lanka’s participation in Sichuan’s ‘Happy Spring Festival’ and ‘Chinese Culture Week’ in 2025. It represents a new chapter in Sri Lanka-China cooperation, injecting fresh momentum into the high-quality development of tourism education and cultural collaboration.

SLITHM launches ‘National Tourist Interpreter’ program to upgrade tourism experience

The Sri Lanka Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management (SLITHM) announced the launch of a new training model aimed at transforming the country’s tourism experience, with the launch of a specialised ‘National Tourist Interpreter’ program.

The initiative is designed to move beyond conventional tour guiding by equipping professionals to deliver deeper, knowledge-based engagement with visitors, particularly in areas related to Sri Lanka’s ecological systems, cultural heritage and community livelihoods.

Speaking at the event SLITHM Chairman Dheera Hettiarachchi said the program will enable tourists to better understand the environmental and social significance of destinations, promoting responsible behaviour, while supporting long-term conservation efforts.

‘By translating complex local knowledge into accessible and engaging narratives, the model seeks to shift tourism from passive sightseeing to a more immersive and educational experience,’ he added.

The program also responds to growing concerns around environmental pressure and misuse of sensitive sites, particularly in biodiversity-rich and culturally significant locations. Trained interpreters are expected to play a key role in communicating issues such as species conservation, climate risks and heritage preservation.

Structured as a three-month training course with strong emphasis on field exposure, the program is open to academics and professionals with expertise in areas linked to natural and cultural heritage. Participants will be assessed on practical competencies rather than a rigid curriculum.

Upon completion, successful candidates will be eligible for a ‘National Tourist Interpreter Licence’ issued by the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA), along with a digital certification.

SLITHM officials said the initiative is expected to attract high-level researchers, specialists and professionals, while enhancing Sri Lanka’s tourism offering by adding value-driven, experience-based services that can generate higher economic returns.

Aloha! oneworld welcomes Hawaiian Airlines to alliance

Hawaiian Airlines has been welcomed as oneworld’s newest member airline, becoming the third US-based carrier alongside Alaska Airlines and American Airlines and adding Honolulu as a global hub.

With Hawaiian Airlines on board, oneworld’s global network offers greater travel opportunities across the Hawaiian Islands and new destinations in the Pacific including Hilo, Hawai’i; Rarotonga, Cook Islands; Pago Pago, American Samoa; and Papeete, Tahiti.

‘We are delighted to officially welcome Hawaiian Airlines into the oneworld family, further strengthening our alliance’s footprint in the Pacific region and the United States,’ said Ole Orvér, CEO of oneworld. ‘Renowned for its award-winning service for almost 100 years, Hawaiian Airlines will make travel to the beautiful islands of Hawai’i more connected and rewarding for oneworld customers, delivering an elevated journey that brings the spirit of aloha to our alliance.’

‘We are thrilled to join this extended ‘ohana, or family of the world’s best airlines,’ said Hawaiian Airlines CEO Diana Birkett Rakow, adding, ‘oneworld brings significant global travel benefits to our guests, including Atmos Rewards loyalty members and Hawai’i residents. Our Hawaiian Airlines team members look forward to welcoming oneworld guests on-board from around the world, sharing their aloha and warm Hawaiian hospitality, and inspiring visitors to appreciate Hawai’i’s culture, environment and people.’

Hawaiian Airlines guests will now enjoy access to almost 1,000 global destinations across the oneworld network, while the airline’s top tier guests will gain access to oneworld Priority benefits including access to First Class check-in and lounges plus fast-track security lanes at selected airports, regardless of class of travel, and a network of nearly 700 premium airport lounges, including oneworld branded lounges in Amsterdam Schiphol Airport and the award-winning facility in Seoul’s Incheon Airport.

Bringing Hawai’i closer

Hawaiian Airlines operates about 230 daily flights to, from and within the Hawaiian Islands and welcomed more than 11 million passengers in 2025. Hawaiian Airlines connects the Pacific, linking the islands of Hawai’i with key destinations in Asia, North America and the South Pacific, including oneworld hubs in Los Angeles, New York-JFK, Seattle, Sydney and Tokyo.

The airline serves every major Hawaiian island directly and operates an average of 140 daily inter-island flights and oneworld customers enjoy seamless connections throughout the archipelago to and from Europe, the Middle East, Australia, Asia and North America via its hubs in Honolulu, O’ahu, and Kahului, Maui.

Through Atmos Rewards, the combined company’s new loyalty program. members can earn and redeem points across Alaska and Hawaiian airlines and oneworld’s global network. Benefits for oneworld Emerald, Sapphire, and Ruby customers include reciprocal status recognition, earning status points, priority check-in and boarding and industry-best lounge access.

When debt ratios don’t tell the whole story

There is a number that dominates almost every conversation about a country’s fiscal health. It is the debt-to-GDP ratio: total public debt expressed as a share of the economy. Governments cite it, international institutions monitor it, and commentators reach for it whenever a country’s finances come under scrutiny. The problem is that it often tells only part of the story, and sometimes a misleading one.

Japan carries a debt-to-GDP ratio well above 200%. The United States sits above 120%. Neither has defaulted. Both borrow freely on global markets. Sri Lanka, by contrast, defaulted in April 2022 at a ratio that many emerging economies routinely exceed without crisis. The number, clearly, does not speak for itself.

What the ratio misses is context: the currency in which debt is denominated, who holds it, how soon it falls due, and whether the country earns enough foreign exchange to meet its obligations. Japan borrows in yen, from its own citizens and institutions, within a framework of full monetary sovereignty. Sri Lanka’s situation was fundamentally different. From around 2007 onwards, the government shifted away from traditional concessional loans and began borrowing heavily through international sovereign bonds, dollar-denominated instruments sold on commercial terms to global investors. These bonds carried interest rates of between 5.875 and 7.875% and clustered maturities of five to ten years. They were expensive to service and hard to refinance when confidence faltered.

When the rupee collapsed and foreign reserves ran dry, the cost of servicing that debt became unmanageable, regardless of what the headline ratio had suggested. By end-March 2022, Sri Lanka faced external debt service payments of $6 billion for the remainder of the year against usable foreign reserves of just $1.9 billion. At that point, the ratio was irrelevant. What mattered was whether the cash was there, and it was not.

State owned enterprises

There is also the question of what gets counted at all. Research into Sri Lanka’s debt practices found that state-owned enterprise liabilities, estimated at around 15.8% of GDP in 2020, were largely absent from official headline figures. Pension obligations, contingent guarantees, and arrears accumulated by state utilities similarly sat outside the numbers that policymakers and the public were shown. One practitioner described arriving at a foreign exchange liability figure of $69 billion against an officially reported $51 billion, a gap created in part by valuing foreign-currency debt at an administratively managed exchange rate rather than the actual market rate.

Meanwhile, approximately 70% of government revenues were being consumed by interest payments alone. That figure rarely featured in public debate, because it did not appear in the debt-to-GDP ratio. A country can look fiscally acceptable on paper while spending nearly all of its income just to keep up with interest bills, leaving almost nothing for hospitals, schools, or infrastructure.

The lesson from Sri Lanka is not simply that it borrowed too much. It is that the way debt was measured and communicated obscured the depth of the problem until it was too late to address it gradually. The crisis itself became the moment when accurate figures finally surfaced, because creditors and restructuring advisers needed them. As one practitioner involved in the restructuring process noted, much of the detailed debt information only became available once the country was already in default. That is far too late.

Consolidation

Sri Lanka has since introduced a centralised Public Debt Management Office and taken steps to bring previously scattered liabilities under a single reporting framework. As of early 2026, the Central Bank has also formally closed its Public Debt Department, eliminating a long-standing conflict of interest in how debt figures were compiled and reported. These are meaningful reforms.

Yet the broader lesson extends well beyond Sri Lanka: a debt ratio is a starting point, not a verdict. Repayment capacity, debt composition, revenue strength, and honest accounting matter at least as much as the headline figure. Numbers protect you only if they are the right numbers-reported honestly. In the end, credibility is not built on a ratio, but on whether that ratio can be trusted. This echoes Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank, who stated: ‘Data must be reliable, timely, and trusted to be useful.’

(The author’s doctoral dissertation focused on public debt governance and fiscal transparency, examining how institutional frameworks, policy discipline, and disclosure practices shape a country’s debt sustainability and economic credibility)

Sri Lanka unveils comprehensive National Event Calendar

The Event Management Association (EMA) of Sri Lanka recently unveiled the official Sri Lanka Event Calendar at a ceremony held at the Shangri-La Colombo. Developed by the Event Management Advisory Committee under the guidance of the Industry and Entrepreneurship Development Ministry, the calendar is a centralised digital platform designed to serve as the definitive guide for all major international and local happenings, ranging from cultural festivals to international sporting fixtures and high-level corporate MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) events.

The event was honored by the presence of Industry and Entrepreneurship Development Minister Sunil Handunneththi, Industry and Entrepreneurship Development Deputy Minister Chathuranga Abeysinghe, Industry and Entrepreneurship Development Ministry Secretary Thilaka Jayasundara. Their attendance underscored the Government’s recognition of the event industry as a vital pillar of the national economy and entrepreneurial landscape.

Speaking at the landmark event, EMA President Saliya Weerasekera hailed the day as a historic turning point for the industry.

The official launch of the National Event Calendar

‘Having weathered years of challenges as a united family, we are proud to launch two initiatives that will redefine our future,’ Weerasekera stated. He announced the official Sri Lanka Event Calendar, to showcase the nation’s vibrant culture to the world, and the Diploma in International Event Management and Marketing Studies; a premier qualification that bridges the gap between academic theory and hands-on industry experience through EMA member companies.

The evening featured high-profile performances, including a specially choreographed act inspired by the Kandy Esala Perahera, directed by maestro Channa Wijewardana with music by Rakitha Wickramaratne, performed by the Channa-Upuli Performing Arts Foundation and Naadro. A traditional Thammattama drum act by Naadro further showcased the rich cultural heritage of Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka’s apparel sector identifies clear pathways for growth amid Q1 challenges

Sri Lanka’s apparel exports fell 8% in the first quarter of 2026 compared to last year, but the data is revealing specific opportunities where targeted policy action could turn things around.

January’s 3% decline deepened to 11% in both February and March. While global demand has softened, the late February escalation of Middle East tensions will likely show its full impact in the coming months as supply chains adjust.

The sector is grappling with higher operating costs fuel, electricity are driving up operational costs by adding nearly $ 3 million monthly to industry expenses. For manufacturers working on tight margins, particularly smaller players, this represents a genuine challenge that smart policy can address.

On energy for example, JAAF has consistently lobbied for meaningful reform of legislation to allow open access and power wheeling. This will ensure that we get the maximum growth in renewable energy, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.

USA: Shows resilience and opportunity

The United States, which buys 40% of Sri Lankan apparel, saw exports decline just under 8% in Q1 slightly better than the overall performance.

Consumer conditions are tightening with rising fuel prices and inflation approaching 4.8%, alongside geopolitical uncertainties. But this creates an opening for value-focused products and strategic positioning.

On the trade policy front, there’s a need for immediate action. . After the Supreme Court ruling on reciprocal tariffs, a temporary 10% duty under Section 122 was introduced in February for 150 days. This gives Sri Lanka a defined window to engage and advocate.

The Section 301 investigations by the USTR, covering 60 countries including Sri Lanka, present a chance to demonstrate strong labour standards enforcement. With public hearings ahead, Sri Lanka can build on its previous success in negotiating down tariffs from 44% showing that proactive engagement delivers results.

While tariff refunds from the Supreme Court ruling are due to commence shortly, these will, almost always accrue to the US buyers who are the importers on record, rather than to the local garment manufacturers as shipments are primarily on either FCA or FOB terms., understanding this dynamic helps manufacturers negotiate better terms upfront and strengthens the case for government advocacy on their behalf.

JAAF has always lobbied for a parity of tariff across our competitor countries and Sri Lanka will need to show commitment in this space to ensure that we do not end up with a tariff that is higher than those of our competitors.

Continued focus on the US tariff position needs to be front and centre of Government policy.

Europe: Securing the foundation

The European Union (EU) remains a strong second market, with Q1 exports down just under 8% manageable given global conditions. The traditional markets of Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France continue to perform, while Spain’s March growth hints at diversification potential.

The real opportunity lies ahead: securing GSP+ renewal beyond 2027. With clear preparation and engagement, Sri Lanka can build on its current duty-free access and potentially expand its European footprint.

India and UK: Worth building on

India delivered nearly 10% growth in Q1 proving demand exists in accessible markets. The current 8 million piece cap under ISFTA hasn’t changed in 20 years, which means there’s enormous room to grow if that limit is raised through ISFTA revisions or the proposed ETCA agreement.

The UK market is responding positively to recent Developing Countries Trading Scheme improvements. Womenswear and school-wear segments are gaining traction, creating a foundation for broader market recovery.

The action plan

From JAAF’s perspective, Q1 has brought clarity on what needs to be done next. Priorities are clear: accelerate energy reform to ease cost pressures, secure GSP+ to protect and expand access to Europe, engage proactively with the US during the Section 122 window and Section 301 hearings, and move forward on trade access with India to unlock a high-growth market.

These are not long-term ambitions. They are immediate, actionable steps with clear timelines and tangible impact.

Sri Lanka’s apparel sector has navigated difficult cycles before and adapted. The fundamentals remain strong, with a skilled workforce, established buyer relationships, and proximity to key markets. With timely policy support, the industry is positioned not just to manage current pressures, but to strengthen its footing in a more competitive global landscape.