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Adewole Adebayo, Leader of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), has lamented that more than six decades years after the country’s independence, the country has been moving in circles.

Stressing that not much has been achieved, he said the elites have failed to wake up to the militant wing to go and get their uniform and take over the leadership of the country.

He bemoaned the level of rot in the system, ranging from pervasive crimes to corruption, insecurity, inflation and poverty, among others, attributing the development to poor leadership.

He decried the acceptance of evil in the system as a way of life, saying, ‘I think all the crimes, vices, and evil that could be committed is already permitted under the system. There’s no need for you to break it, it’s already performing. So, they all remain there and we, who are democrats, are happy that we have had a broken civilian system.’

Amid the lamentation of the country’s journey so far, Adebayo expressed hope of a greater tomorrow as he drew analogy between 1960 when the independence journey started and today.

He said: ‘We started the journey in October 1960 on foot but we didn’t walk diligently. We were just joking around with it. So we haven’t got to the destination.

‘But, luckily for us, the journey that was started on foot, we now have cars to continue, we have aircraft to continue. So, there is hope in the horizon.’

He, however, blamed all the country’s woes, ranging from insecurity to corruption and poor infrastructural development among others, to poor leadership.

Painting a lucid picture of how poor the situation is, he said: ‘In Nigeria, you can be a pastor, a bishop or a general overseer without being a Christian. And you can be a chief imam without being a Muslim; you are just holding the position because the society permits that.

‘In the same vein, you can be a professor without being an academic because it’s just a title for you to go and claim something or to massage your ego.

‘You can be a senior advocate or a judge, without knowing justice, without paying your workers. You can be molesting and harassing your domestic staff and you achieve justice and nobody cares. You don’t have a sense of justice, but you are the one who decides over justice for the whole country. And nobody cares. So, you’re going to have a senior police officer who steals and nothing happens.’

Nigeria is Africa’s most populous nation, largest economy, and one of the continent’s leading contributors to trade, investment, and professional services. Yet paradoxically, most major Africa-wide conferences – from Africa Energy Week to Mining Indaba, Africa Fintech Summit, and Africa Oil Week – are hosted not in Nigeria, but in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Nairobi, or Kigali.

Despite Nigerian firms and delegates forming a substantial proportion of attendees and sponsors, these events consistently bypass Nigeria as a venue. This imbalance is not only economic but symbolic: it reflects a growing perception that Nigeria is a participant, not a platform, in shaping Africa’s future.

This white paper examines the dimensions of this paradox, using data from recent continental events and insights gathered during the author’s participation at Africa Energy Week 2025 in Cape Town.

It argues that Nigeria’s absence as a host destination stems from structural, regulatory, and perceptual barriers rather than lack of capacity. The paper concludes with a policy and strategy framework to reposition Nigeria as a viable and preferred conference hub within Africa.

Introduction: The Paradox of Participation Without Hosting

In October 2025, I attended Africa Energy Week (AEW) in Cape Town – Africa’s premier oil, gas, and energy investment event. Thousands of delegates filled the Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC): ministers, CEOs, financiers, engineers, and journalists.

Listening to the sessions, it was evident that Nigeria’s voice, companies, and capital dominated the conversations. Nigerian delegates led panel sessions, Nigerian firms like Oando Energy Services and First EandP sponsored key sessions, and Nigerian consultants, contractors, and investors packed the halls.

Yet, the event was not held in Lagos, Abuja, or Port Harcourt – the epicentres of Africa’s largest oil and gas industry.

This paradox extends beyond energy. African summits on mining, innovation, finance, agriculture, and even creative industries regularly bypass Nigeria, despite its market size and professional depth. It is not normal, and it is time to fix it.

The Scale of Nigeria’s Underrepresentation as Host

The International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) ranked Nigeria 14th in Africa in 2023 for hosting international meetings – well behind South Africa, Rwanda, Kenya, Egypt, Morocco, and even Uganda. By comparison:

Major Annual Africa-Wide Conferences Hosted ICCA Rank (2023)

Estimated Meetings Economic Impact

South Africa

Africa Energy Week, Mining Indaba, Investing in African Mining, AfricaCom

1 R388.5 million (2023)

Kenya

Africa Climate Summit, Africa Tech Summit 3 US$85 million (est.)

Rwanda

Africa CEO Forum, Transform Africa Summit 5 US$60 million (est.)

Nigeria

Few continental events (mostly local/regional) 14. US$10 million (est.)

Source: South African Tourism and ICCA Reports (2023)

The disparity is striking. Nigeria, which accounts for roughly 18% of Africa’s GDP and over 200 million consumers, captures less than 2% of the continent’s conference economy.

Case Study: Africa Energy Week (AEW)

Venue: Cape Town International Convention Centre (CTICC)

Organiser: African Energy Chamber

Attendance: Over 5,000 participants (2022-2025 editions)

Sponsors: TotalEnergies, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Oando, Halliburton, Schlumberger, etc.

Nigerian Presence: Among top five national delegations by headcount and sponsorship.

At the 2025 edition, Nigerian delegates filled numerous panels, from ‘Gas as the Transition Fuel for Africa’ to ‘Local Content in Upstream Operations.’ Nigerian firms exhibited prominently, and the Nigerian flag was visible across multiple stands.

Yet, as several participants privately asked: Why isn’t this event happening in Lagos or Abuja, closer to the heartbeat of Africa’s oil and gas sector?

The answer lies not in capacity, but in confidence and coordination.

Why Nigeria Is Bypassed: Root Causes

Perception and Risk Premium

International organisers view Nigeria as complex – citing concerns over logistics, electricity reliability, urban congestion, and bureaucratic delays. South Africa, Rwanda, and Kenya have cultivated reputations of predictability, even if their challenges are comparable.

Lack of Institutional Support

Countries that host major summits have dedicated ‘Convention Bureaus’ or Event Support Offices that provide incentives, guarantee ministerial attendance, and ensure seamless logistics. Nigeria lacks such a coordinating body, leaving event bids to fragmented private efforts.

Infrastructure Gaps

While Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt boast capable venues (Eko Convention Centre, Abuja ICC), they often lack the seamless ecosystem – from customs clearance to airport transfers – that high-value international events demand.

Currency and Regulatory Uncertainty

Organisers worry about forex instability, import duty unpredictability, and sudden regulatory shifts. Payments for booths, sponsorships, or logistics are often denominated in foreign currency, but repatriation is difficult.

Branding Deficit

South Africa’s ‘Meetings Africa’ and Rwanda’s ‘Kigali Convention Bureau’ aggressively market their destinations as conference capitals. Nigeria’s tourism marketing is largely inward-looking, missing opportunities to position itself as a continental convening power.

Economic and Strategic Costs of Non-Hosting

The absence of large-scale conference tourism has both tangible and intangible costs:

Revenue Loss: A single international event with 3,000-5,000 delegates generate between US$10-30 million in direct and indirect spending (hotels, catering, taxis, local events).

Job Creation: South Africa’s meetings industry supports over 750 jobs annually per major event cycle.

Soft Power Erosion: Nations that host shape the narratives, policy framing, and media coverage – a strategic advantage Nigeria currently forfeits.

Capacity Deficit: Local logistics, event management, and hospitality firms miss the opportunity to scale to international standards.

Hosting major events is thus both an economic and diplomatic instrument. It is a form of economic statecraft – one Nigeria must wield.

Comparative Advantage: Why Nigeria Should Lead

Despite current challenges, Nigeria possesses immense structural advantages:

Market Size: Africa’s largest energy market, fintech ecosystem, and creative industry.

Connectivity: Multiple international airports and hubs, with growing regional links.

Private Sector Depth: Strong domestic corporate sponsors (banks, telecoms, oil firms).

Venue Capacity: Existing infrastructure in Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, and emerging facilities in Uyo and Owerri.

Talent Base: A large pool of professional event planners, media, and security experts.

These assets are underutilised because they lack a coherent policy and institutional platform to attract international events.

Voices from the Field

‘Nigerians make up 30-40 percent of the delegates at some of these continental energy events, yet we never meet on Nigerian soil. That needs to change.’

– Industry delegate, AEW 2025, Cape Town.

‘Conference tourism is one of the easiest ways to show a nation is open for business. When you host, the world comes to you, not the other way around.’

– African Energy Chamber representative.

‘The infrastructure exists in Lagos; what’s missing is political will and unified coordination.’

– Event management professional, Lagos.

These voices echo what many industry participants feel: Nigeria is ready – but it must organize itself.

Policy Recommendations: Building Nigeria’s Conference Diplomacy

Establish a National Strategic Events and Conferences Office (NSECO)

A dedicated inter-ministerial body should be set up under the Federal Ministry of Information, Culture, and Tourism – coordinating with Trade, Industry, Foreign Affairs, and Aviation – to:

Bid for continental and global events;

Provide financial guarantees or risk-sharing;

Coordinate logistics, visas, and security.

Incentivise Hosting and Sponsorship

Offer tax incentives to Nigerian corporations that sponsor or co-host major Africa-wide events locally.

Develop a Conference Hosting Fund for seed grants and infrastructure subsidies.

Upgrade Key Venues

Fast-track certification and capacity upgrades for:

Eko Convention Centre, Lagos

Abuja International Conference Centre

Oba Akenzua Centre, Benin

Port Harcourt Trade Fair Complex

These can be branded as ‘Conference Ready’ under an international rating system.

Streamline Visa and Customs Protocols

Implement a ‘Conference Visa’ valid for up to 30 days with expedited approval.

Simplify temporary importation of exhibition materials through bonded conference zones.

Create Signature Annual Events

Nigeria should bid to host or create:

Africa Energy Week – Nigeria Edition

Africa Manufacturing and Industrialisation Forum

Pan-African Local Content Summit

Africa Fintech and Creative Economy

Conference

Build Partnerships with Global Organisers

Engage global conference players (DMG Events, Informa, Hyve Group) through PPPs, offering infrastructure and regulatory assurance in exchange for co-branding rights.

Leverage Nigerian Embassies and Diaspora

Empower embassies and trade missions to pitch Nigeria as a host destination during global meetings.

Risks and Mitigation Strategies

The successful implementation of the National Strategic Events and Conference Office (NSECO) will require proactive management of several potential risks. Security incidents pose a high risk and will be addressed through partnerships with professional event security providers, comprehensive insurance coverage, and the establishment of clear emergency response protocols.

Currency volatility, which carries a medium risk, will be mitigated by allowing contracts to be denominated in foreign currencies and by securing foreign exchange protection facilities. Bureaucratic delays-considered a high risk-will be minimised through the creation of a one-stop NSECO fast-track unit to streamline approvals and coordination.

To cushion the impact of possible initial financial losses (a medium risk), the programme will leverage public seed funding and strategic donor partnerships. Reputation management risks, also rated high, will be mitigated through a robust public relations and crisis communication plan designed to uphold confidence and transparency.

Implementation Timeline

The rollout of the NSECO initiative will be executed in three key phases. Phase 1 (0-6 months) will focus on stakeholder consultations, the formal establishment of the NSECO, and the approval of the overarching policy framework, culminating in the publication of the National Events Strategy White Paper. Phase 2 (6-18 months) will involve comprehensive venue audits, strategic marketing activities, and the submission of Nigeria’s initial bids to host two to three major Africa-wide conferences. Phase 3 (18-36 months) will see the hosting of Nigeria’s first flagship event-such as Africa Energy Week Nigeria-followed by an evaluation of its economic and reputational impact and the development of a long-term annual events calendar

Conclusion: From Attendance to Ownership

Nigeria’s absence as host in the continental conference circuit is not a reflection of incapacity, but of coordination failure.

The nation that supplies the brains, sponsors, and delegates of Africa’s major gatherings should not remain a guest in its own continental story.

The next frontier of Nigerian leadership in Africa lies not only in commerce or oil production but in convening power – the ability to gather the world around African issues on Nigerian soil.

Let Nigeria move from participant to platform, from attendance to ownership, from Cape Town halls to Lagos waterfronts and Abuja corridors.

The world is ready to come – if Nigeria invites it confidently.

The federal government has taken a step toward transforming classroom learning with the launch of the Digitalisation of Public Schools Initiative and the nationwide distribution of Interactive Smart Boards to public schools.

According to a statement signed by Boriowo Folasade, director, press and public relations, ministry of education, the initiative was unveiled by Maruf Tunji Alausa, minister of education, at Queen’s College, Lagos.

Speaking at the launch, Alausa, described the initiative as a bold declaration that Nigeria is ready to embrace the future of learning. He emphasised that the project represents more than a technological milestone; it is a transformation of how teaching and learning will be experienced in Nigerian classrooms.

‘The shift from chalkboards to smart boards represents a transition from traditional directional learning to dynamic, interactive, and technology-enabled classrooms.

‘Every child, regardless of background or location, will now have access to modern, quality education that prepares them for the knowledge-driven global economy,’ he stated.

The minister highlighted several federal initiatives that complement this transformation, including the Nigeria Education Data Initiative (NEDI) for evidence-based planning, the Nigeria Education Repository and Databank (NERD) for certificate authentication, and the $40 million Blueprint-ICT-Dev Project with the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) to strengthen ICT infrastructure in 10 universities and expand hybrid learning.

He added that through the Universal Basic Education Commission UBEC, the Ministry is ensuring that the benefits of digital education extend to basic and secondary levels, with broadband connectivity, teacher training, and the distribution of digital tools across all states.

‘Through initiatives such as the National EdTech Strategy, digital literacy training for teachers and learners, and the integration of Artificial Intelligence and robotics into our curriculum, we are building an education system that meets the demands of the digital economy,’ he said.

In her remarks, Aisha Garba, executive secretary of UBEC, reaffirmed the Commission’s commitment to ensuring that technology serves as an enabler of inclusive and equitable education.

She explained that the Commission is leading efforts to digitalize teaching and learning across basic schools nationwide. ‘Interactive Smart Boards will transform the classroom experience by making lessons dynamic, visual, and participatory. Teachers will integrate multimedia content, while students will engage through touch and interaction, making learning a true experience of discovery,’ she noted.

She further outlined UBEC’s ongoing interventions, including the distribution of over 60,000 tablets to teachers under the BESDA-AF project, collaboration with NITDA to develop a Digital Literacy Curriculum, and establishment of Digital Learning Centres across all geopolitical zones.

She also mentioned the creation of a Department for Data and AI in Education and the upgrading of the UBEC Digital Resource Centre in Abuja into a national hub for digital content development and teacher support.

Also speaking, Hakeem Babatunde Shittu, chairman of Lagos State SUBEB commended the Federal Ministry of Education and UBEC for their proactive partnership with state governments, describing the initiative as a landmark step in aligning national and sub-national efforts to bridge the digital divide.

He noted that Lagos State’s existing Innovate Eko STEAM Programme provides a strong foundation for this collaboration, which will further strengthen digital learning infrastructure nationwide.

On her part, Obabori, principal of Queen’s College, Lagos, expressed appreciation to the Federal Government, UBEC, and all partners for their leadership and vision in championing this transformation.

She commended teachers and students for their enthusiasm in embracing the new digital tools and urged continued collaboration to ensure sustainability and impact.

‘The digitalisation of public schools represents the government’s enduring commitment to innovation, data-driven education, and social inclusion not just an initiative but a new era in Nigerian education, one that promises renewed hope for every student, empowered teachers, and stronger institutions ready to drive national development,’ the statement read.

The Yoruba Studies Association of Nigeria (YSAN) has conferred an Honorary Fellowship Award on Olatunde Isaac (Honoris Causa), marking a historic milestone as one of the first-ever Honorary Fellowships to be bestowed in the Association’s over five-decade history.

Another recipient of the Honorary Fellowship Award is Alagba Alao Adedayo, publisher of Alaroye Newspaper, a leading Yoruba-language publication.

The Fellowship Award was also conferred on Emeritus Professor Ayo Bamgbose, a renowned linguist and Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Letters; Professor Oladele Awobuluyi, former Acting Vice-Chancellor of Adekunle Ajasin University; and distinguished scholars including Professor Oluyemisi Adebowale, Professor Adebisi Ogunsina, Professor Duro Adeleke, Professor Jibola Abiodun, and Professor Adedotun Ogundeji.

The historic award, presented during YSAN’s Annual Conference in Ilorin, celebrates Dr. Olatunde’s exceptional contributions to the promotion of Yoruba language, culture, and scholarship.

Founded in 1970, YSAN remains Nigeria’s foremost scholarly body committed to the study, preservation, and advancement of Yoruba language, literature, and culture. This year’s ceremony marked a significant moment in its legacy as it honored individuals who have bridged traditional scholarship with modern innovation.

A respected scholar, community leader, and Wikimedia advocate, Olatunde Isaac was recognized for his pioneering efforts in Yoruba language revitalization through research, digital documentation, and community engagement.

As a leading figure in the Yoruba Wikimedia community, he has spearheaded initiatives expanding access to free knowledge in Yoruba, significantly contributing to the growth and visibility of the Yoruba Wikipedia, one of Africa’s most-read small-language Wikipedias.

In his remarks, YSAN President, Olumuyiwa Temitope, who also serves as Dean, Faculty of Arts, Adekunle Ajasin University, described the recognition as an acknowledgement of Isaac’s trailblazing role in Yoruba language promotion, noting that, ‘Olatunde Isaac stands out for bridging the gap between academia, technology, and cultural heritage.’

While receiving the award, Olatunde expressed heartfelt gratitude, dedicating the honour to volunteers contributing to Yoruba Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. ‘This award is not just a personal achievement but a call to do more for our language, our people, and our shared heritage,’ he stated, reaffirming his commitment to advancing research, partnerships, and mentorship for young Yoruba scholars.

The conference also featured scholarly paper presentations, cultural displays, and panel discussions on strengthening indigenous language education and research in Nigeria.

With this honor, Olatunde Isaac joins the ranks of YSAN’s first-ever Honorary Fellows, a recognition that underscores his exceptional contributions to Yoruba language promotion and cultural advancement.

Chocolate City Group has launched a $1 million Founders Fund targeting Nigeria’s creative startups at its 20th anniversary celebration.

Minister Hannatu Musa Musawa of the Federal Ministry of Arts, Culture, Tourism, and Creative Economy officially launched the fund before 500 creative industry stakeholders, international partners, and media representatives.

The fund will provide equity investment and operational mentorship to early-stage companies across music, film, and creative technology.

The initiative comes as Nigeria’s creative economy is projected to reach $15 billion in value by 2025, yet entrepreneurs continue to struggle accessing traditional financing.

Co-founders Audu Maikori and Paul Okeugo, both celebrating their 50th birthdays, structured the fund to address gaps they experienced building Chocolate City into one of Africa’s few successful independent entertainment companies.

‘The reality on ground is that financial institutions struggle to understand creative businesses. Investors want immediate returns, so young entrepreneurs with genuine potential get stuck,’ said Audu Maikori, Chairman of Chocolate City Group.

‘To solve this, we’re providing patient capital from people who’ve built sustainable creative businesses in this market. The fund targets companies that combine creative vision with business discipline.’

Paul Okeugo, Vice-Chairman, emphasised the operational support model.

‘Capital alone doesn’t build successful companies. We’re offering hands-on mentorship in rights management, contract negotiation, and sustainable business practices. These are the structures that allowed us to remain independent while competing globally.’

Minister Musawa welcomed the initiative. ‘Private sector investment is critical for creative economy development. Nigeria’s creative industries can contribute significantly to economic diversification and youth employment, but entrepreneurs need partners who understand both the creative and business dimensions. This fund demonstrates the leadership we need from successful Nigerian companies.’

Co-Creation Hub (CCHub), Africa’s leading creative ecosystem enabler, will serve as the programme and implementation partner for the fund, managing applications, due diligence, and ongoing portfolio support.

Ojoma Ochai, Managing Director of CCHub, outlined the partnership approach. ‘We understand what creative entrepreneurs need to scale sustainably. This partnership combines Chocolate City’s industry knowledge with our startup development infrastructure to create comprehensive support for creative entrepreneurs.’

Gbenga Hassan, Managing Partner of Argentil Capital Management Limited, described the investment thesis. ‘Nigeria’s creative economy shows strong fundamentals with 63 percent annual growth in music streaming revenue and increasing global market penetration. Nollywood alone produces over 2,500 films annually, making it the world’s second-largest film industry by volume, yet struggles to access structured financing.

‘The Founders Fund addresses this real market inefficiency where viable businesses in both music and film cannot access appropriate financing.’

Chocolate City has developed artists including M.I. Abaga, Ice Prince, CKay, Blaqbonez, and Young Jonn while maintaining operational independence and securing strategic partnerships with Warner Music.

Fund applications open later this month, targeting startups and companies with demonstrated traction, clear business models, and potential for job creation. Selection criteria prioritise sustainability over rapid scale, reflecting the founders’ two-decade experience building profitable creative businesses in emerging markets.

Air Peace has confirmed that its Abuja-Asaba flight scheduled for Friday experienced an aborted take-off during initial departure procedures.

In full accordance with safety protocols, the aircraft safely returned to the ramp, and all passengers disembarked without incident. A replacement aircraft was immediately deployed to continue the flight, ensuring minimal disruption to passenger travel time.

‘Our engineering team commenced a thorough inspection of the initial aircraft as part of our standard safety checks,’ the airline said in a statement.

The airline reassured the public that safety is, and will always remain, the cornerstone of our operations.

‘The swift deployment of an alternate aircraft reflects our commitment to operational excellence and passenger confidence,’ it added.

A recent Travel + Leisure ranking has revealed the top five most beautiful cities in Europe, as voted by nearly 180,000 readers. The survey highlights destinations celebrated for their history, culture, and timeless charm.

From Disney-like castles perched on hilltops to cobbled alleys winding through centuries-old districts, Europe continues to captivate travellers with its architectural splendour and romantic appeal.

The list reflects readers’ admiration for cities that balance heritage and beauty, offering more than just postcard views but immersive experiences steeped in art, cuisine, and tradition. While the full ranking spans the continent, it reaffirms Europe’s status as the ultimate destination for those seeking authentic, old-world elegance.

Here are the top 5 most beautiful cities in Europe, according to travel experts.

Rome, Italy

Rome placed fifth, with a score of 88.91. Often described as an open-air museum, the Italian capital is known for its vast collection of ancient monuments and religious landmarks. Visitors continue to explore the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and numerous Renaissance and Baroque churches. St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, designed in part by Michelangelo, remains a central feature of Rome’s landscape. Santa Maria Maggiore and the Pantheon, first a Roman temple and now a Catholic church, show how centuries of architecture and faith are layered throughout the city.

Beyond its major landmarks, Rome’s narrow cobblestone streets and fountains such as the Fontana di Trevi continue to attract travellers from around the world. For many, the city’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to connect ancient heritage with daily life.

Istanbul, Turkey

Istanbul ranked fourth with a score of 89.47. Spanning both Europe and Asia, the city is a meeting point of cultures. Its architecture reflects Byzantine, Ottoman and modern influences. The Hagia Sophia, once a Byzantine basilica and later a mosque, and the Blue Mosque are among its most visited sites.

The Dolmabahçe Palace, often called the ‘Turkish Versailles’, showcases Ottoman design, while Galata Tower offers panoramic views of the city. The neighbourhoods of Balat and Fener, known for their colourful facades and antique shops, illustrate the mix of old and new that defines Istanbul.

Granada, Spain

Granada came third, scoring 89.48. Located in southern Spain’s Andalusia region, the city retains visible traces of its Moorish past. The Alhambra, an extensive fortress and palace complex built by North African rulers, dominates the skyline. Below it lies the Albaicín district, a maze of narrow streets, whitewashed houses and preserved Moorish baths.

Following the Christian reconquest, Granada became home to several significant churches, including the Basílica de San Juan de Dios and the Granada Cathedral, both examples of post-Renaissance architecture. The city’s layered history continues to shape its identity.

Seville, Spain

Seville, the capital of Andalusia, ranked second with a score of 89.49. The city reflects centuries of Roman, Moorish and Spanish influence. Its historic district, Santa Cruz, is home to Seville Cathedral and the Alcázar, both built on earlier Islamic structures.

Across the Guadalquivir River, the district of Triana is known for flamenco, ceramics and traditional tapas bars. Plaza de España, a semi-circular square surrounded by canals, remains one of the city’s most recognisable landmarks and a gathering place for residents and visitors alike.

Florence, Italy

Topping the list with a score of 90.08, Florence was named Europe’s most beautiful city by Travel + Leisure readers. Widely seen as the birthplace of the Renaissance, it was home to figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei and Machiavelli.

The city’s skyline is defined by Brunelleschi’s dome, part of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, and the historic Ponte Vecchio bridge. Streets lined with ochre-coloured buildings and views from Piazzale Michelangelo continue to draw visitors. For many, Florence’s lasting influence on art, science and architecture makes it a living record of European creativity.

At first glance, A Bee in the Bonnet by Munachimso Jennifer Ezeilo sounds like a children’s book. Only later do you discover that the title actually refers to being consumed by an obsession and in this case, the painful reality of child marriage.

Child marriage may sound like a thing of the past, but unfortunately it is still happening. What makes it even more disturbing is that it is often wealthy and influential men who are at the center of it, just as we see in this book.

The story begins slowly, almost making you wonder where the author is taking you, but with each chapter the themes begin to unfold. Rape, child marriage, violence, abuse, and the struggle for justice. These are heavy themes, but the way they are revealed draws you in and forces you to think more deeply about them.

There are a lot of issues raised in this book. A nine-year-old girl is forced into marriage with a powerful man, with her own father’s support. A man must protect himself while handling a case so sensitive it could cost him his life. The lawyer defending the offender turns out to be the very man a woman is engaged to marry. A judge faces threats to his family’s safety while presiding over a case that should send the guilty to jail. A neighbour’s dangerous obsession becomes impossible to ignore. An employee grows weary of his boss’s corrupt and evil ways and decides to expose him. Ambition collides with morality when a career begins to matter more than values. And in the midst of it all comes the devastating discovery that the child you and your husband have loved and raised is not your husband’s. Plenty wahala indeed.

The dilemmas keep unfolding, one layered over another, creating a web of secrets and struggles that makes it difficult to put the book down. Set mostly in Abuja, with some scenes in Lagos, the story feels alive with tension and conflict. And as in real life, love finds its way into the chaos, sometimes in the form of infatuation, sometimes as something deeper. It almost feels as if no book is complete without love being inserted, and here too it appears, fighting to survive amidst the turmoil.

The further you go, the more engaging the story becomes. At times it feels a little predictable, especially if you are used to movies with similar twists, but there are still surprises tucked in along the way.

Even if you have a sense of how it might end, the journey there keeps you hooked. A Bee in the Bonnet is a sobering and thought-provoking story. It leaves you unsettled, yet it is an interesting and worthwhile read.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has issued a draft guideline on the operations of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), mandating that banks refund customers for failed ATM transactions within a stipulated timeframe.

Specifically, customers must be refunded for failed interbank (not-on-us) ATM transactions within 48 hours, while refunds for failed transactions on the same bank’s ATM (on-us) should be reversed instantly. In the event that an instant reversal is not possible due to technical issues, a manual reversal must be completed within 24 hours.

The directive was contained in a circular entitled, ‘Exposure of the Draft Guidelines on the Operations of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Nigeria,’ which was released to banks, other financial institutions, and payment service providers.

The circular, signed by Musa Jimoh, director of the Payments System Policy Department, is part of CBN’s efforts to strengthen the reliability and safety of the country’s payment systems.

The CBN stated that it is issuing the draft guidelines for public consultation and stakeholder feedback, in line with its mandate to promote a sound financial system and an efficient payments infrastructure. Stakeholders are expected to review and submit feedback within four weeks from the date of the circular’s release.

According to the apex bank, the key objectives of the draft guidelines include establishing minimum standards for ATM deployment, operations, and maintenance; enhancing consumer protection; improving access to ATM services in both urban and rural areas; and aligning ATM operations with global best practices and regulatory expectations.

The guidelines apply to a wide range of stakeholders, including Deposit Money Banks, Independent ATM Deployers, Card Schemes, Payment Service Providers, and the general banking public.

Enhanced Consumer Protection Measures

The draft guidelines lay out detailed operational requirements for ATM deployers, focusing heavily on consumer safety, transparency, fraud prevention, and service availability.

ATM deployers are required to ensure that every ATM is equipped with surveillance cameras that capture and record all activities around the machine. These cameras must capture events such as card insertion, transaction selection, and cash withdrawal, while strictly avoiding the recording of customers’ keystrokes for privacy reasons. Where such cameras are installed, they must be concealed to prevent tampering or removal.

ATMs must be located in areas that guarantee user safety and transaction confidentiality. Those placed outside buildings must be securely bolted and surrounded by protective structures to prevent unauthorised removal. Additionally, ATMs must be equipped with anti-skimming devices to combat fraudulent activities, and network connections used in ATM transactions must ensure data confidentiality and integrity.

Operational Standards and Availability

To ensure continuous service delivery, ATM deployers are required to minimise ATM downtime. Any technical faults must be resolved within 72 consecutive hours, and if not, customers must be adequately informed of the reason for the outage. ATM terminals must also display functional helpdesk contact information, including at least one dedicated and constantly monitored telephone line for reporting faults.

Moreover, the guidelines emphasise the importance of transparency in customer charges. All fees and charges associated with ATM transactions must be fully disclosed, and receipts must be issued upon request for every transaction, excluding balance inquiries. These receipts must clearly show transaction details such as the amount withdrawn or deposited, the terminal ID, and the time and date of the transaction. Screen displays and printed receipts must also be legible.

ATM machines must be regularly monitored and maintained to ensure proper functionality. This includes ensuring that cash is always available, unfit currency notes are not loaded into machines, and the ATM vault is replenished frequently to prevent cash-out situations. The deployers must also maintain online monitoring systems to track cash levels in ATM vaults and to detect the causes of failed transactions.

Security Protocols and Customer Support

The guidelines require ATM keys to be changed at least once a year, and the same keys must not be used across multiple machines. ATM acquirers must also have mechanisms to automatically initiate refunds for failed or partial dispenses without requiring the affected customer or issuing bank to raise a complaint. This measure aims to ensure that customers receive timely redress for service failures.

Furthermore, to prevent the unauthorised use of customer cards and data, ATMs must be configured to issue cash before returning the card. This setup helps reduce the likelihood of customers forgetting their cash. Acquirers are also required to disable the cash-retract function and clearly display this change on the machine or screen.

Additional requirements include the provision of paper disposal bins at ATM sites, the availability of backup power systems (inverters) to ensure uninterrupted service, and the inclusion of PIN change functionality at no cost to customers.

ATM deployers are also mandated to conduct frequent physical inspections of their machines, maintain detailed records of ATM maintenance, and ensure that both the ATMs and the cash they contain are insured. Importantly, deployers must maintain a register of all their ATMs in the country, detailing each unit’s location, identification, and serial number.

Public Participation Invited

The Central Bank has opened the draft guidelines for stakeholder input and encourages all relevant parties including banks, independent deployers, service providers, and the general public to provide comments and suggestions. Feedback should be addressed to the director of the Payments System Policy Department at the Central Bank of Nigeria.

With these guidelines, the CBN aims to improve ATM service delivery across the country, boost consumer confidence in electronic banking services, a1nd reduce the rate of transaction failures and customer complaints.

Let’s be honest, not many people have wardrobes that never runs dry, and wearing the same outfit twice is not the scandal people make it out to be. The real trick lies in disguise: how you rewear what you already own in a way that looks fresh. Changing the context, adding small twists, or shifting the overall presentation can make a familiar outfit feel entirely new.

No matter the event, these tips will help you repeat clothes without anyone noticing.

Play with layering

Layering is fashion’s easiest disguise, it is about reinventing what you already own. Throw a crisp shirt under a sleeveless dress or throw a corset over a shirt you have worn before. Layers create depth, shift proportions, and make even the simplest piece look like something new. If done right, you could wear the same base outfit three times in one week and no one would notice.

Swap accessories

Accessories are the easiest way to transform an outfit’s mood. A neutral dress with gold hoops and heels says ‘evening,’ but the same dress with trainers and a tote bag says ‘weekend.’ Switch your jewellery, bag, or shoes, and suddenly it looks like you have put together something new. The secret is contrast, if you went bold the first time, go minimal the next.

Rework with outerwear

A jacket can change everything. Throw on a structured blazer to sharpen your look or a kimono for something relaxed and easy. Even a simple denim or leather jacket can disguise a repeat outfit instantly. The trick is to let the outerwear become the new talking point, it draws attention while the base outfit quietly does its job underneath.

Tuck, tie, or roll

Sometimes, all an outfit needs is a small tweak. Tie your shirt at the waist instead of tucking it in, roll up your sleeves, or half-tuck a blouse for a looser, lived-in look. These little adjustments shift proportions and make a familiar outfit feel fresh without spending a naira.

Change your hairstyle and makeup

When you repeat clothes, let your hair and makeup tell a new story. A ponytail and red lipstick will make the same outfit look different from when you wore it with curls and nude tones. People notice your overall appearance first, so if your face and hair feel new, they are less likely to notice you have worn that top before.

Mix it up on camera

If your concern is social media, play with angles, lighting, and backgrounds. Take your outfit photo indoors the first time, and outdoors the next. A mirror selfie looks different from a street-style shot.