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THE Lagos state government has dismissed claims by former Labour Party (LP) presidential candidate, Mr. Peter Obi, that buildings recently demolished at the Trade Fair complex by the state government had valid approvals.

Obi, who visited the complex, had commended traders for their restraint and described the exercise as a test of impunity, justice and compassion.

The former LP presidential candidate also alleged that the affected structures were approved by the authorities.

But while reacting to Obi in a statement, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Gbenga Omotoso, described Obi’s remarks as not only misleading but an attempt to misinform the public.

According to him, investigations revealed that the owners of the demolished structures did not obtain planning permits from the Lagos State Government.

He explained that government had last year declared a general amnesty, giving property owners multiple opportunities to regularise their papers, but the owners failed to comply.

‘When physical planning officials visited the complex, they were attacked, and police had to rescue them. Even when the government invited the owners for dialogue, they refused to show up,’ Omotoso stated.

The Commissioner clarified that while the Trade Fair Complex Management Board, a federal agency, may manage leases and commercial activities within the facility, it has no powers to grant building approvals.

The Commissioner said, ‘Physical planning and building approvals remain the responsibility of the Lagos State Government.’

‘The Supreme Court in 2003 (AG Lagos v. AG Federation) affirmed that states retain authority over development control within their territories, including federal lands, except for exclusive federal enclaves like military formations,’

He maintained that the state government acted within the law, stressing that any construction without Lagos State planning permit is illegal and subject to demolition.

He said the state government will always uphold the rule of law in the interest of safety, order, and sustainable development, saying: ‘We must decide the kind of society we want – one governed by law or one run by emotions, fueled by political interests.’

The Vice Chancellor of the African School of Economics (The Pan-African University of Excellence), Prof. Mahfouz Adedimeji, has urged Nigerians and the world at large to embrace hope despite the chaos that is increasingly becoming the order of the day.

He stressed that, as dark as the horizon may be, human beings cannot afford to lose hope that one day, there will be peace and justice in the world and that good will replace evil on the planet.

Prof. Adedimeji, a Fellow of the Society for Peace Studies and Practice, made this submission in his address, ‘A World Without War’, delivered on the occasion of the Special Lecture organised by the University on Monday as part of the activities marking the 2025 International Day of Peace.

The Vice Chancellor noted that the significance of Peace Day has gained more resonance in today’s world, which is being devastated and divided by war. According to him, ‘We are living witnesses to racism and genocide committed with impunity as the world pretends that human lives only matter on the basis of their skin pigmentation and religious beliefs. And as the United Nations Secretary General, António Gutterres, said in his message to commemorate this year’s edition, ‘We must silence the guns. End suffering. Build bridges. And create stability and prosperity.”

The Fellow of the World Institute for Peace stressed that Nigerians should remain purposeful and peaceful because the entire water in the ocean cannot sink a ship and until the ship allows the water inside it. Accordingly, the prevalence of negativity in the world won’t change individuals who refuse to allow hubris and hatred inside them.

He illustrated his point with the scenario that unfolded during the Cold War when the East Berliners threw trash across the Berlin Wall, but the West Berliners returned their action with sweets and candies thrown across the wall, with a note, ‘Each one gives what they have.’ He encouraged Nigerians to have and keep peace so that they can give it. ‘Let’s have compassion and light so that we can illuminate the world,’ he added.

In his lecture delivered on the occasion, a former Nigerian ambassador to Mozambique, with concurrent accreditation to Swaziland, Madagascar and Mauritius, Albert Omotayo, decried the state of the world, which he said is full of complexities, paradoxes and the unknown saying that the world itself has not really changed much except that man has progressed in evil, increasingly becoming less human and more brutish in his ways.

Ambassador Omotayo described how various philosophers have described the concept of God, citing authorities like Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, St. Augustine, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Immanuel Kant and others, pointing out that the divergence of their views shows how the idea of God has remained central to humanity’s search for meaning, truth and moral grounding.

While advocating forgiveness as a means of coping with the complexities of this world at a personal level, he traced the challenges that confront humanity regarding conflict and war to the beginning of creation, stressing that the world still has a lot of work to do now to achieve world peace in future.

Highlights of the occasion included the presentation of an award to Ambassador Omotayo by the Vice Chancellor of African School of Economics, assisted by the Registrar, Mrs Emilomo Ogunboye, and goodwill messages by guests, including the Assistant Director of Corps, Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), Raymond Yusuf and the Founder, Path to Peace Foundation, Mr Abubakar Akande.

In a ceremony that also marked Nigeria’s 65th Independence Anniversary, the National Arts Theatre in Iganmu was officially recommissioned on 1 October 2025 and renamed the Wole Soyinka Centre for Culture and Creative Arts, following a multi-year public-private restoration.

The restored complex, whose silhouette has been preserved while its interiors were transformed, now houses world-class performance halls, cinema spaces, exhibition galleries, an African literature library, rehearsal rooms, media and medical facilities, landscaped grounds, and direct integration with the Lagos Blue Line rail.

Olayemi Cardoso, Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, said the project was delivered through an extraordinary partnership between the Central Bank, the Bankers’ Committee, the Federal Government, and the Lagos State Government. He noted that the Bankers’ Committee committed approximately ?68 billion to the project, framing the funding as a deliberate investment in the nation’s cultural future rather than a mere act of corporate social responsibility.

‘This is more than a renovation; it is a rebirth,’ Mr Cardoso said, adding that the centre must be protected to prevent a return to years of neglect.

Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu of Lagos State described the reopening as a homecoming for a city that hosted FESTAC ’77. He said the state played a key role by ensuring a dedicated Blue Line stop and contributing additional land to expand the creative hub. ‘Today’s commissioning is only the beginning,’ he said, urging that the complex become a focal point for artistic excellence and urban renewal.

President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, who performed the commissioning, urged Nigerians to speak positively about the country and to ‘lift Nigeria’ by believing in its potential. The President also pledged to contribute to an endowment fund to guarantee maintenance, accessibility, and job creation at the centre.

Professor Wole Soyinka, who expressed mixed feelings about having his name affixed to a public monument, accepted the honour and reflected on the theatre’s storied past, from its 1976 completion and FESTAC ’77 glory to the decades of decline that preceded the restoration. ‘If a group of bankers got together, using some of my money also. in order to honour me, what’s wrong with that?’ he joked, before urging that the centre serve future generations of artists.

Officials and cultural stakeholders lauded the project as a tangible union of culture and commerce, an effort to harness Nigeria’s creative industries for jobs, revenue, and soft power. With renewed facilities and a declared commitment to upkeep, the Wole Soyinka Centre is being positioned as a national landmark intended to keep Nigeria’s creative voice on the global stage.

In a landmark development for global aviation safety, the Banjul Accord Group Accident Investigation Agency (BAGAIA) and the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) have signed a historic Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in Montreal, Canada, during the 42nd ICAO Assembly held on September 25 to October 4, 2025.

The agreement, which is the first of its kind between two Regional Accident Investigation Organizations (RAIOs), underscores a new era of international cooperation in aircraft accidents and incident investigations. It reflects the growing recognition that safety challenges transcend borders and require stronger collaboration to strengthen aviation oversight.

The landmark agreement was signed by Commissioner BAGAIA, Charles Irikefe Erhueh and his counterpart IAC Chairman, Oleg Storchevoy in Montreal, Canada, during the 42nd ICAO Assembly on September 25, 2025.

The importance of this MoU lies in its comprehensive framework for cooperation, which extends far beyond symbolic partnership. It is designed to enhance collaboration between both bodies in areas of investigation and prevention, ensuring that technical expertise and resources are no longer confined by regional boundaries. Through this arrangement, BAGAIA and IAC can exchange technical know-how, specialist equipment, and training opportunities, while also promoting joint research into accident causation and emerging technologies in aviation safety. Such collaboration creates a platform for sharing best practices and safety data, enabling both regions to reduce the risk of accidents and raise safety standards in line with ICAO provisions.

Equally significant is the agreement’s focus on capacity building. By facilitating joint workshops, regional training seminars, and mentorship opportunities for investigators, the MoU seeks to strengthen the pool of safety professionals in both Africa and Eurasia. It further enhances global networking opportunities by linking two regional agencies across continents, thereby fostering a broader web of aviation safety cooperation that includes other civil aviation authorities and organizations. The harmonization of regulations and investigative practices also forms a cornerstone of this MoU, allowing for more efficient cross-border investigations while ensuring consistency in accident reporting and analysis.

The provisions of the MoU are built on clear commitments. Both parties have agreed to collaborate in the improvement of aircraft accident investigation, prevention, and training by exchanging expertise and promoting a harmonized approach to investigations in accordance with ICAO standards. They will also provide counseling during investigations, share technical support and data analysis, and encourage the participation of investigators in each other’s training initiatives. Importantly, the agreement is guided by principles of mutual respect, confidentiality, and independent financial responsibility, with mechanisms in place for contractual arrangements, dispute resolution, and adherence to international data protection practices.

The MoU is open-ended, taking effect immediately upon signing, with provisions for amendment where necessary. Either party may terminate it with one month’s notice, provided existing obligations are honored. This flexibility ensures that the framework remains adaptable to future challenges while sustaining the spirit of cooperation.

This MoU is a historic first for RAIOs worldwide. For the first time, two regional agencies have formally committed to a partnership that cuts across continents, providing a template for future inter-regional cooperation.

By pooling expertise from Africa and Eurasia, the collaboration not only enhances investigative capacity but also accelerates the global push towards harmonized aviation safety oversight under ICAO. Industry watchers say it represents the beginning of a new chapter in international aviation cooperation, one that may inspire similar agreements between other regional safety organizations in the future.

FORMER Health Minister Professor Isaac Folorunso Adewole has been elected as the President of the Nigerian Academy of Medicine (NAMed), a body established to enhance the quality of healthcare through education.

Prof. Adewole was elected to take over from the outgoing President of the Academy, Emeritus Prof. Samuel C. Ohaegbulam, at the NAMed’s annual lecture, Induction Ceremony, and Scientific Conference in Abuja.

Adewole, in his acceptance speech, pledged to lead the Academy to greater heights and ensure that his tenure would consolidate on the achievements and successes of his predecessor.

A guest speaker, Dr Francis Ukwuije, who is a WHO health economist, while speaking on ‘Healthcare Financing in Nigeria: Are We Getting It Right?’ recommended that greater efforts needed to be made in financing healthcare to prevent catastrophic out-of-pocket expenses.

The second scientific session included a panel discussion with Dr Kelechi Ohiri, Director-General of the National Health Insurance Authority; Dr Sir Frank Odafen, a medical entrepreneur; Dr Joyce Barber, an HMO provider; Dr John A. Onyeokoro, a public health physician; and a health insurance expert as panel speakers.

The discussion focused on health insurance in Nigeria, its progress since inception, challenges, and prospects, with emphasis on the way forward.

They suggested that the Academy should intensify advocacy to redirect and expand health insurance, which currently covers only 10 per cent of the population.

Earlier, Emeritus Prof. Samuel C. Ohaegbulam, the immediate past president, said that the academy purposefully selected ‘Emerging and re-emerging diseases’ as the conference’s theme because of the rise in illnesses in the nation.

The induction ceremony had 20 new fellows, among who are eminent physicians, distinguished professors, and medical scientists who hold critical positions, such as chief medical directors of tertiary health institutions and vice-chancellors of universities.

The Managing Director/Chief Executive of the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), Mrs Olubunmi Kuku, has applauded Nigeria’s re-election into the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Council with 163 votes, describing it as a resounding endorsement of the nation’s leadership in global aviation.

In her remarks, the FAAN MD/CE commended the Honourable Minister of Aviation and Aerospace Development, Mr. Festus Keyamo, SAN, for his dynamic stewardship and foresight, which she said played a decisive role in consolidating Nigeria’s international standing.

‘This overwhelming vote of confidence from the international community reaffirms Nigeria’s strategic importance in aviation. Under the Honourable Minister’s leadership, Nigeria has not only safeguarded its seat but also deepened its influence in shaping the future of global aviation,’ she said.

The MD/CE emphasized that Nigeria’s presence on the ICAO Council provides a powerful platform to align domestic reforms with international best practices in safety, security, infrastructure, and environmental responsibility.

‘At FAAN, we see this renewed mandate as a call to action. We are determined to leverage Nigeria’s place on the ICAO Council to fast-track our ambition of making Nigeria the aviation hub of West Africa. By translating this recognition into world-class airport infrastructure, smarter operations, and elevated passenger experience, we will ensure that our airports remain gateways of national pride and regional competitiveness,’ she added.

She also congratulated Egypt and South Africa on their re-election, stressing that Africa’s strengthened representation at ICAO will amplify the continent’s voice in aviation safety, connectivity, and innovation.

The MD/CE concluded by assuring stakeholders and the flying public that FAAN will continue to embody the spirit of excellence that has earned Nigeria the trust of 163 ICAO member states.

Former Minister of State for Defence and Minister of State, Foreign Affairs, Senator Musiliu Obanikoro, has said Nigeria will reclaim its rightful place as giant of Africa under President Bola Tinubu’s administration.

He equally joined millions of Nigerians all over the world to celebrate Nigerian 65th Independence Day Anniversary.

In a statement personally signed and issued to newsmen by Senator Obanikoro, reads in part: ‘As Nigeria marks her 65th Independence Anniversary, I, Senator Musiliu Obanikoro, join millions of compatriots across the globe in celebrating the remarkable journey of our beloved nation a journey defined by sacrifice, resilience, and the indomitable spirit of our people.

‘Sixty-five years ago, our founding fathers, with uncommon courage and conviction, reclaimed our sovereignty and entrusted us with the sacred responsibility of nationhood. Since then, Nigeria has faced trials that would have broken lesser nations.

‘Yet, time and again, Nigerians have demonstrated an unyielding capacity to rise above adversity, to endure, and to hope. It is this resilience that continues to define us as a people.

‘Today, our democracy stands firm after 26 unbroken years, our diversity remains our greatest strength, and our sons and daughters excel across the globe in every field of human endeavor. These are testaments to the enduring greatness of Nigeria.

‘At 65, we must reflect on how far we have come and reaffirm our collective determination to build the Nigeria of our dreams.

‘The task before us is to transform our challenges into stepping stones for national renewal, and to place the prosperity of our people above all else.’

Senator Obanikoro, who also commended President Bola Ahmed Tinubu for his bold reforms, called for a vibrant private sector and as well urged Nigerians to see themselves as stakeholders in building the country.

‘I commend President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, for his bold reforms and unwavering commitment to repositioning our economy, restoring global confidence, and deepening hope for all Nigerians.

‘While the path of renewal is never easy, I am confident that under his leadership, Nigeria is poised to reclaim her rightful place as the giant of Africa and a beacon of black excellence in the world.

‘However, beyond government’s efforts, I urge Nigerians to pursue the coming years with a collective approach.

‘No nation has ever achieved true greatness on the back of government alone; development thrives only where there is synergy between the public and private sectors.

‘A vibrant and stronger private sector, working in harmony with government, will serve our nation best and accelerate our journey to prosperity.

‘Individualism does not pay, and government cannot do it alone.

‘Every Nigerian must see themselves as a stakeholder in the project of building our country. I therefore call on all citizens to remain consistent, resilient, and committed in everything they do, for it is our shared efforts that will shape the Nigeria of tomorrow.

‘As we celebrate, let us remember that nation-building is a shared responsibility. Our unity, resilience, and shared optimism remain the greatest assets in our march to greatness.

‘May the Almighty continue to guide our leaders, bless our people, and preserve our nation for generations to come.

‘Happy 65th Independence Anniversary, Nigeria!’ He stated.

The South-West coordinator of the Gbenga Hashim Solidarity Movement (GHSM), Alhaji Abass Olaniyi, has dismissed Reno Omokri’s recent appeal for the South West and the North to rally behind President Bola Ahmed Tinubu in 2027, saying that the region will not ‘reward monumental failure with another mandate’.

Omokri, in a statement, had urged the two regions to show solidarity with Tinubu, likening the plea to the North’s decision to back former President Muhammadu Buhari in 2019 despite his poor performance in office.

He also claimed that Tinubu had expanded Nigeria’s GDP and launched infrastructure projects in the North.

But reacting in a statement, Olaniyi accused Omokri of political deception and manipulation, stressing that governance is about competence, not ethnic reciprocity or emotional blackmail.

‘Our people are too politically conscious to reward hunger, poverty, and economic collapse with fresh endorsement’, Olaniyi said.

He argued that the economic record of the APC-led government was catastrophic, noting that Nigeria’s GDP, which stood at over $570 billion in 2014, had shrunk to less than $300 billion, representing almost a 50% contraction. He said this went beyond a recession and was more than economic depression, citing soaring inflation, unemployment, and poverty as evidence of Tinubu’s poor performance.

Olaniyi dismissed Tinubu’s claims of GDP growth as ‘a mirage created by currency devaluation that leaves Nigerians poorer than ever’, adding that ‘Nigerians don’t eat GDP statistics; they eat food, and under Tinubu food is unaffordable’.

Positioning Dr. Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim as the South West’s political alternative, Olaniyi described him as a credible leader with the vision, global exposure, and economic acumen to unite the North and South based on fairness and competence.

‘The South West cannot tie its destiny to a sinking ship. Across Lagos, Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Ekiti, the conversation is already tilting towards Gbenga Hashim. He represents the hope and new beginning that Nigeria desperately needs’, Olaniyi said, in contrast to Tinubu’s poor performance.

He also urged Northern leaders to resist divisive appeals and instead align with genuine progressive forces committed to rescuing Nigeria from years of misrule.

‘2027 is a defining year. Nigerians must rise above deception and sentiment to embrace competent leadership. The South West is ready to lead that change, and Gbenga Hashim is the rallying point’, he said.

A landmark gathering of young leaders and stakeholders from across Nigeria convened today at the Nicon Luxury Hotel, Abuja, for the unveiling of Future is Now Project. The gathering, which deliberated on Leadership and Youth Inclusion culminated in a powerful communique demanding decisive action to elevate youth participation in Nigeria’s political and governance landscape.

As Nigeria celebrates its 65th Independence Anniversary, participants unanimously declared that the time for youth to claim their rightful place at the decision-making table is now. Participants emphasize that young Nigerians are not merely the leaders of tomorrow but are the leaders of today, rejecting any form of delay, denial, or exclusion from political leadership.

In a bold vision for the nation’s future, a communique read by its Convener, Mr. Laolu Akande, laid out clear, ambitious targets to be achieved by the next election cycle.

These include, ‘At least 70% of Local Government Chairmanship seats to be held by youths under 35 years; at least 70% of State House of Assembly seats to be occupied by youths under 35 years; ‘at least 70% of House of Representatives seats to be contested for and won by youths under 40 years; and a minimum of 50% of executive appointments at both Federal and State levels reserved for Nigerians under 40 years.’

To realize these goals, a pledge was made to champion political inclusion by lobbying, negotiating, and mobilizing support for credible youth candidates across all political parties. Efforts will also focus on mentorship programmes, capacity building for young leaders, and forming cross-cultural alliances to ensure governance reforms favoring youth representation.

At the unveiling, homage was paid to Nigeria’s elder statesmen and stateswomen, acknowledging their foundational contributions while urging them to graciously yield space for emerging young leaders. The call was for older generations to act as mentors and guides, ensuring a smooth and sustained leadership transition.

The gathering opened with an impassioned address by the Interim Chairman of the project, Rep Abdussamad Dasuki, who described the event not merely as a gathering, but as the ignition of a movement – a national commitment to dramatically increase youth leadership at all levels of governance.

Dasuki said the Future is Now Project is born of sacrifice and demands sacrifice from older generation.

‘Today,’ Rep Dasuki declared, ‘we are not just announcing a project, but igniting a movement, one born of sacrifice, fueled by persuasion and courage, and sustained by the dreams of millions of Nigerian youth. The Future is not tomorrow – the Future is Now.’

In his speech, Dasuki reflected on Nigeria’s political history, noting that while young leaders had once been central to the country’s formation and early development, they have increasingly been sidelined from positions of power, despite the demographic reality that over 70% of Nigeria’s population is under the age of 35.

He cited the signing of the Not Too Young To Run Act in 2018 as a step forward, but stressed that persistent barriers still prevent meaningful youth participation in governance. Rep Dasuki called for a generational shift, where younger leaders not only contest elections but are supported to win and lead.

Drawing lessons from recent youth-led global protests in countries like Nepal, Rep Dasuki warned of the dangers of political exclusion and the potential unrest that can follow when large youth populations feel alienated from their governments.

‘When a large demographic feels excluded from decision-making, frustration festers. We must act now, not only to empower, but to prevent disillusionment that can lead to instability,’ he warned.

Key highlights of the event include the unveiling of the interim governance structure of Future Is Now project – which will undertake the preparation for a more elaborate gathering of Future is Now in the first quarter of 2026 – and the unveiling of the membership registration portal www.futureisnow.ng

Also at the unveiling were former Minister of Youth, Solomon Dalung; Hon Ibrahim Bello Haliru (the youngest member of the National Assembly); Hon. Henry Shield; Hon Salisu Yakassai and Hon David Oloto.

Ms Nicole Nwosu (Convener 1), and Ibrahim Zanna (Convener 2) made presentations at the event while goodwill messages were delivered by development partners, civil society leaders, youth and student leaders, and other partners.

WHAT is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and why is it still important in Nigeria?

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, or PMTCT, is a set of interventions aimed at preventing HIV transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her baby during pregnancy, labour, delivery, and breastfeeding. Once we understand this, the key question becomes: what exactly are we preventing? Without these interventions, a woman has up to a 45 per cent risk of transmitting HIV to her unborn child. However, the good news is that with proper intervention, this risk can be reduced to less than 2 per cent. A significant number of infections can be prevented. It’s important to note that infants who acquire HIV from their mothers have less than a 50 per cent chance of celebrating their second birthday. It’s a killer disease.

It is critically important that the government continues to prioritize PMTCT and focus on it so we can reach a point where mother-to-child transmission of HIV is no longer a public health issue. This is essential if we are to achieve an HIV-free generation by 2030. Nigeria alone contributes 22,000 new infections annually. This is alarming, making Nigeria one of the countries with the highest rates of mother-to-child HIV transmission. To be effective, PMTCT services must be made available across communities so that pregnant women can access care and achieve viral suppression. When HIV-positive pregnant women take their medication, their viral load drops significantly, and once it becomes undetectable, the risk of transmission to the unborn child is almost eliminated. As the saying goes, U = U – Undetectable equals Untransmittable.

What is CDC doing to support Nigeria’s efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and why is this support important?

The U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has been at the forefront of efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission in Nigeria. We provide both technical and financial support to the government to enable an effective response. Our support includes the procurement of ARVs and ensuring they are available in supported hospitals. CDC currently supports 1,204 health facilities across 18 states. Out of the 2,410 total PMTCT centres in Nigeria, CDC supports nearly 50 per cent through our implementing partners.

We offer a range of services, including HIV testing, which is the first step in prevention. We’ve also built the capacity of healthcare workers to provide ethical and safe PMTCT services to women in need. We provide essential supplies and support policy development to ensure services meet international standards. We also offer infrastructural support to health facilities, including basic tools such as weighing scales for adults and children, as well as monitoring tools to track women enrolled in the programme over time. Since women may have repeated pregnancies in the course of their reproductive years, we ensure continuity of care by tracking their progress across visits.

Is CDC’s support making a difference in closing the gaps in Nigeria’s PMTCT programme?

What challenges remain, and how can Through our partners, CDC provides extensive data management support, from field-level data collection to digital documentation. We’ve also introduced electronic platforms to transition from paper-based systems to digital records. We conduct periodic evaluations to assess impact. For example, between September 30, 2023, and October 1, 2024, we screened about 20,000 HIV-exposed infants. Only 19 tested positive, representing less than 1 per cent, compared to the 45 per cent risk without intervention. This means we averted HIV infection in nearly 9,000 infants – a clear indicator of our impact. Those give us feedback on what’s happening in the field and help us to address issues that may impede women from accessing services.

However, challenges remain. One major issue is access to services. According to the NDHS 2024, only 63 per cent of women attend ANC at least once during pregnancy. The remaining 37 per cent seek care elsewhere at traditional birth attendants or faith homes or even deliver at home or in the bush. These women significantly contribute to maternal and infant mortality over time. To address this, we’ve taken services to them in the community. One strategy is the Baby Shower Initiative, which brings HIV services to faith-based gatherings where pregnant women gather to care for their pregnancy and provide HIV services along with it.

How can communities and key stakeholders help women-especially those who are pregnant or planning to have children-access PMTCT services?

Ownership is critical, and it starts at the community level. There are key players within every community, and any public health intervention or program that lacks community context is likely to fail. Our programmes have adopted strategies that prioritise community involvement. We begin with community leaders, engaging them as advocates. They help mobilize and sensitise the community about the benefits of PMTCT and the importance of women taking ownership of their health. These leaders encourage women to attend antenatal clinics rather than deliver at home or in informal settings. Beyond leaders, we also involve local community members in designing programs that are tailored to the specific needs of each community. What is acceptable in one community may not be in another, so we ensure our training curricula and delivery programs are culturally sensitive and context specific.

Pregnant women themselves are vital members of the community and should also serve as advocates. They can share information about PMTCT with other women, whether pregnant or raising children, and guide them on where to seek help. We also identify and train community members who can serve as mobilisers and peer educators, helping women access services.

The government plays a crucial role in policy development and revision, creating an enabling environment for women to access care. In some cases, challenges like security issues or natural disasters, like the flooding in Rivers State, can hinder access. In such instances, government support has enabled us to reach affected communities, even across floodwaters, to continue service delivery.

When should pregnant women living with HIV start antiretroviral treatment, and why is early treatment important?

In the early days of HIV programmes, there were strict criteria for determining who should start medication. Today, science has shown the benefits of early initiation of treatment. This is why we now follow the ‘Test and Start’ approach: as soon as a pregnant woman tests positive for HIV, it is important she starts medication immediately, unless there is a medical contraindication. Starting treatment early helps prevent frequent illness. Without treatment, HIV weakens the immune system over time, leading to opportunistic infections and progression to AIDS.

Early treatment helps prevent complications such as tuberculosis, oral thrush, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and organ damage. It also reduces the risk of transmission to partners and babies, as it leads to viral suppression. When a person’s viral load becomes undetectable, it means the virus is still present but cannot be transmitted. This is the basis of the message: U = U – Undetectable equals Untransmittable. At the community level, early identification and treatment help stop transmission. At the individual level, it ensures people stay healthy and live longer, fuller lives.

What steps can women take to protect themselves and their babies from HIV during pregnancy and childbirth?

Women of reproductive age and especially pregnant women should get tested for HIV during every pregnancy with appropriate counselling. If a woman tests positive, then steps need to be taken; she needs to commence ART – antiretroviral therapy – immediately. Women living with HIV should discuss family planning options with their healthcare provider and partner. Unplanned pregnancies should be avoided to ensure proper care and monitoring. Pregnant women should attend antenatal clinics and avoid delivering at home or in the bush or on the farm. Regular viral load testing is essential to monitor treatment effectiveness. After delivery, babies should be brought in for early infant diagnosis to ensure timely intervention if needed.

After birth, the baby also needs to have some medications, which we call ARVs, to prevent HIV transmission. These medications are essential in ensuring the baby remains HIV-free. We take further steps to ensure the baby is protected until they reach what is called a ‘final outcome’, the point at which the baby can be officially discharged and declared HIV-negative. All 1,204 health facilities we support offer free services from start to finish.

There are specific times when medications should be taken, and it’s important for mothers to adhere to the schedule and attend hospital visits for monitoring, including viral load testing. This helps track progress and detects any issues early. If they experience any side effects-such as rashes or vomiting-they should report to the hospital immediately. Healthcare workers can help them manage these effects and stay on treatment.

What can be done to help pregnant and breastfeeding women stay in care and stick to their HIV treatment?

Healthcare workers need to be very sensitive to the needs of these women, be empathetic with their condition, and non-judgmental in their approach. Once they come into the service, they should ensure that the correct testing is done, which is free. If they are HIV-positive, they should commence medication as early as possible, and they should adhere to their medications. There are times when the medications should be taken; they should stick to it, and they should come into the hospital for monitoring by way of giving their blood for viral load monitoring so that healthcare workers can monitor their progress.

Joining a support group is also highly beneficial. These groups consist of women living with HIV who have gone through pregnancy and PMTCT. Sharing experiences helps reduce stigma, provide emotional support, and encourage consistent clinic attendance and adherence to treatment. After delivery, it’s crucial that the baby receives appropriate follow-up care. Once the baby is discharged, the mother must continue her HIV treatment for life. As of now, HIV treatment is lifelong, even after childbirth. Having a baby does not mean the mother is cured. She must return to the facility where she began treatment to continue receiving care.

Fortunately, treatment has become simpler. Instead of taking multiple pills, most patients now take a single fixed-dose combination tablet that contains three drugs. This makes adherence easier and improves quality of life. These medications are also safe and effective.

How can PMTCT services be better integrated into maternal and child health care to improve outcomes for mothers and babies?

We aim to make the programme as simple and sustainable as possible so that the government can take full ownership. On the policy side, we’ve worked to ensure that HIV services are integrated with maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services. This means that at HIV service points, MNCH services should also be available, and at MNCH service points, HIV services should be provided.

This policy integration already exists within the government framework. Beyond policy, we ensure that healthcare workers are trained and capable of delivering integrated services. We also ensure that commodity supplies are available at all service points. A major achievement has been the integration of HIV services into the Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Week, which takes place twice a year. During this week, mothers and children under five receive a range of healthcare services at the community level. Now, HIV testing is part of this package. As healthcare workers go into communities, they not only provide general health services but also offer HIV testing and linkage to care for those who test positive.

Our approach brings together policy, technical support, and service delivery. We are breaking down silos and building a comprehensive, community-centred system that ensures no woman or child is left behind.