The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Federal Government of Nigeria, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other gender stakeholders have called for far-reaching structural reforms to increase women’s representation in politics across West Africa region.
They urged the region to move beyond declarations to concrete action if it is to achieve gender parity in political leadership.
The call was made at the opening of a two-day West Africa Women’s Political Leadership Forum, themed ‘Accelerating Gender Parity in Political Leadership in West Africa: From Commitment to Action.’
The event was attended by regional leaders, ministers, parliamentarians, development partners, and civil society organisations
All the stakeholders were unanimous in their call for translation of existing commitments into measurable reforms that remove barriers to women participation in politics.
The two-day forum is expected to adopt the Abuja Regional Action Plan aimed at increasing women’s political participation and achieving ECOWAS’ gender parity objectives by 2035.
Minister of Women Affairs and Social Development, Imaan Sulaiman-Ibrahim, in her opening remarks the low representation of women in elective positions despite the fact that women make up more than half of West Africa’s population.
She posited that the challenge is institutional rather than a lack of capable women.
‘Africa does not suffer from a shortage of capable women. It suffers from structures that were never built to let them through,’ she stated.
She reeled out a five-point roadmap aimed at removing barriers to women leadership.
Sulaiman-Ibrahim said women’s political leadership is no longer only an issue of equity but one of national development and democratic effectiveness.
Highlighting Nigeria’s experience, the minister said women lead 11 of the country’s 24 commercial banks, occupy about one-third of superior court positions and hold more than 30 per cent of senior roles in the Federal Civil Service, yet account for less than five per cent of elected offices.
‘Where competence is the measure, she rises. Where the cost of entry and structural barriers stand in the way, too many are held back. Our challenge is not the candidate. It is the pathway,’ Sulaiman-Ibrahim explained.
‘To address the gap, she presented a five-point roadmap for advancing women’s political leadership across the ECOWAS region.’
To change the narrative, the minister proposed the establishment of a ‘Women’s Political Leadership Trust Fund’ to ease financial barriers by supporting nomination fees, campaign financing and leadership development for credible female candidates.
The minister also called for transforming the existing 35 per cent affirmative action benchmark into an enforceable commitment through political party compliance and electoral regulations, drawing lessons from Rwanda and Senegal, where legally backed reforms have increased women’s parliamentary representation.
Sulaiman-Ibrahim further advocated the creation of an ‘ECOWAS Women’s Leadership Compact’ to strengthen collaboration between women in elective and appointive positions and civil society organisations, ensuring advocacy translates into legislative and policy outcomes.
Sulaiman-Ibrahim urged women across the region to support qualified female candidates during elections, describing solidarity at the ballot box as a strategic tool for expanding representation.
She also proposed a ‘Regional Women’s Leadership Academy’ to identify, mentor and prepare women from ward and local government levels for elective offices.
The minister said Nigeria is already taking steps through the review of the National Gender Policy, implementation of the Third National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security across 16 states, and expansion of the Nigeria for Women Programme, which targets more than five million beneficiaries to strengthen economic empowerment.
Sulaiman-Ibrahim also highlighted the ‘Power of 10 Million’ movement, through which women across Nigeria’s 774 local government areas and 8,809 wards have mobilised and presented a Nigeria Women’s Charter for National Development.
She urged governments and development partners to move beyond dialogue and institutionalise reforms that will deliver measurable progress.
‘History is not made by those who gather to discuss change. It is made by those who summon the courage to institutionalise it,’ she said.
In her keynote address, Damtien Tchintchibidja, Vice-President of the ECOWAS Commission called for accelerated political, legal, and institutional reforms across member states to increase women’s representation in politics.
Tchintchibidja said the region must move beyond declarations to concrete action if it is to achieve gender parity in political leadership.
‘Strengthening women’s political leadership is not only about correcting a longstanding imbalance. It is also central to the economic and social progress of our region,’ she said.
She also supported the submission of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank which posited that closing the gender gap could increase economic output by 10 to 35 %, depending on national circumstances, while countries lose approximately 14% of their human capital wealth when women are unable to participate fully in economic and public life.
Tchintchibidja said, ‘Behind those figures are real possibilities.
‘These findings reinforce what many of our communities already understand: Institutions become more responsive, economies more productive and development more inclusive when we make full use of our human potential.
‘This conviction lies at the heart of the Presidential Declaration.
‘The Declaration provides a regional framework for action and calls for sustained engagement by Member States, ECOWAS institutions and all sectors of society.’
She noted that the persistent underrepresentation of women in political leadership has continued to undermine ‘our democracies from fully reflecting the people they serve.’
Stressing that, ‘Women constitute more than half of our population and make indispensable contributions across every sphere of society. They lead businesses, sustain families and communities, build peace, drive innovation and contribute immeasurably to economic and social progress. Yet their presence in the institutions and processes where decisions are made remains far below the scale of their contribution to public life.
‘Today, women occupy only 15.5 per cent of parliamentary seats across West Africa, well below both the African average of 25 per cent and the global average of 26.5 per cent.
‘Several ECOWAS Member States have demonstrated commendable leadership through legislative and policy reforms, including gender quotas and parity laws, aimed at opening political space and expanding opportunities for women’s participation and leadership. These reforms mark important progress and offer valuable lessons for the region. However, progress remains uneven.’
While noting that democracy has continued to evolve, ECOWAS Commission vice president highlighted what the Commission have been doing to strengthen institutions, support electoral processes and deepen regional cooperation.
‘These efforts have helped to establish ECOWAS as an important force for peace, stability and democratic governance.’
She called on Member States to strengthen constitutional, legal and policy frameworks that create an enabling environment for women’s political participation and leadership.
Besides, she also encouraged political parties to review their nomination processes, internal structures and leadership practices so that women have genuine opportunities to compete for elected office and participate in decision-making within their parties.
She also called for greater investment in leadership development, mentorship, capacity-building and networks of support for women seeking public office.
The Commission’s Vice president further charged political parties to figure out means for women to access campaign funds.
She also advocated for the need for education, advocacy and constructive engagement with civil society organisations, academia and the media to address restrictive social norms.
United Nations Assistant Secretary-General and UNDP Assistant Administrator, Ahunna Eziakonwa said women continued to face entrenched financial, institutional, cultural and social barriers limiting both their entry into politics and their effectiveness once elected.
She disclosed that women currently hold only 27 percent of parliamentary seats across Africa, nine per cent of political party leadership positions, 13 percent of senior executive positions, and 24 percent of cabinet posts.
‘This exclusion has consequences for society as a whole. Greater representation of women in political leadership is associated with stronger democratic legitimacy, more inclusive policies, improved peace, and better development outcomes,’ she said.
Eziakonwa announced that UNDP, in partnership with the African Women Leaders Network (AWLN) and the African Union, would launch the African Academy for Women’s Political Leadership in Kigali, bringing together 40 women from 28 African countries and the Caribbean.
She also said UNDP would support the African Union Commission in developing continental guidelines to address financial barriers confronting women seeking political office.
‘Our objective is concrete. By the close of this dialogue, we must have an actionable plan to address the financial, institutional, social, cultural, and digital barriers to women’s political participation,’ she said, adding that achieving gender parity also requires men to become active allies in dismantling discrimination.
Director of the UNDP Regional Programme for Africa, Jide Okeke, described West Africa’s 18.5 per cent female parliamentary representation as the lowest on the continent.
‘If you don’t remember anything from this conference, remember this number-18.5 percent. It is the share of parliamentary seats held by women across West Africa, and it is the lowest in Africa,’ he said.
Okeke posited that at the current pace, West Africa was unlikely to attain gender parity before 2131, well beyond the region’s target of 2035.
‘This is not about numbers. When women are represented in politics, states function better and democratic institutions gain greater legitimacy,’ he said.
He disclosed that UNDP had invested $2 million in the African Facility for Women in Political Leadership and would next week launch the African Academy for Women in Politics in Kigali.
He added that UNDP had graduated 140 young women from 31 African countries through its Young Women Leaders Programme and supported more than 200 women-led civil society organizations in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger to strengthen inclusive democratic transitions.
President of the ECOWAS Female Parliamentarians Association (ECOFEPA), Chantal Fanny, described the adoption of the Presidential Declaration on Gender Parity as the beginning of a new chapter for the region.
‘A declaration is never an end in itself. It is a starting point. It is now up to us to translate political commitments into laws, laws into public policies, public policies into concrete actions, and actions into tangible results,’ she said.
Fanny said ECOFEPA would intensify advocacy for legislative reforms while expanding mentorship programs to prepare the next generation of women leaders.
Delivering remarks on behalf of AWLN Global Co-Chair Bineta Diop, former Congolese minister Marie-Louise Mwange said West Africa was at a defining moment as it navigates constitutional reforms, democratic transitions, and elections.
She noted that women continued to face obstacles, including political violence, rising campaign costs, discriminatory party structures and online harassment.
‘The question is no longer whether women should lead. Africa has already answered that question. The real question is whether our political systems are prepared to create the conditions that allow women not only to participate, but to compete, influence and lead,’ she said.
Mwange said deliberations at the forum would culminate in the adoption of an Abuja Regional Action Plan to accelerate implementation of ECOWAS Vision 2035 on gender parity.