DEMONETIZING high-value banknotes to stave off corrupt practices would do more harm than good by inconveniencing ordinary Filipinos, according to Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Governor Eli M. Remolona Jr.
In a chat with reporters on Monday, Remolona said the proposal to demonetize, or to officially halt the circulation of banknotes, such as the P500 and P1,000 bills, is ‘tantalizing’ but is not so simple.
‘To me, it’s like, you know the saying: ‘you cut off your nose just to spite your face’? You’re doing more damage than [provide benefits],’ Remolona said.
Citing his global experience, particularly working for the New York Federal Reserve, where officials debated removing the $100 bill, Remolona said the idea, while motivated by anti-corruption concerns, would not effectively deter illicit activities.
The central bank governor said while the C-note is the preferred denomination by drug dealers to move money around, it’s also often used by regular citizens.
‘Just to slow down a little bit what drug dealers do, you’re going to make it very difficult for many Americans. So it’s not that easy, the issue [of demonetization],’ Remolona said, adding that the plan was eventually abandoned.
He said that in the Philippines, the P1,000 bill is heavily used in daily transactions.
‘For a small inconvenience for.corrupt contractors, you’re going to make life hard for many people.’
Meanwhile, Remolona noted that the BSP’s latest directive to financial institutions to limit large cash withdrawals to P500,000 per day has been ‘very effective so far.’
According to that directive, withdrawals of more than P500,000 must be made through check payment, fund transfer, direct credit to deposit accounts, and/or other forms using the digital payment platform of a bank or financial institution.
‘There are complaints and we’re listening to those complaints. But for now, I think it’s a good measure,’ Remolona said.
Moreover, the circular mandates banks to submit Covered Transaction Reports (CTRs) for cash or non-cash dealings worth P500,000 or more, and Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) for cases that appear inconsistent with a person’s income or usual activity.
‘It’s easier for us to connect the dots. Essentially, you use that to connect one bank account, many bank accounts to one, or one bank account to many,’ Remolona said.
Banks have welcomed the new withdrawal limit, as it allows them to justify stricter screening measures for clients.
‘They love it,’ the BSP chief told reporters. ‘They’ve always been suspicious of some transactions, but couldn’t refuse them before. Now they can say, ‘BSP yan eh,’ and it makes their life easier.’
Moreover, Remolona said the central bank is working with the Anti-Money Laundering Council to analyze millions of STRs through a combination of human expertise and artificial intelligence (AI).
‘We’re looking for the right AI and data scientists to make full use of the STRs,’ he said noting that the number of suspicious transactions is ‘more overwhelming’ now compared to the ‘Bangladesh bank heist.’
The ‘overwhelming’ challenge tacks on factors that have truncated hopes for the local economy. The BSP now projects the country’s economic growth will likely be at the low end of the government’s targets at 5.5 percent this year and 6 percent next year and in 2027.
Remolona said this growth outlook was affected by governance concerns surrounding public infrastructure spending, which has weighed on business sentiment.
The BSP’s decision to reduce the key policy rate by 25-basis point to 4.75 percent came amid allegations of widespread misuse of flood-control funds that have fueled public anger and rattled markets.
The BSP’s move, which came as a surprise, was seen as an effort to cushion the economy from the potential slowdown in government spending as authorities scrutinize infrastructure projects.
Remolona noted that there were days when both the stock market declined and the peso depreciated at the same time, which signified that investors were leaving.