The Republic of Cyprus remains committed to building a strong, resilient, and reliable Europe in the field of security and defence, Defence Minister Vasilis Palmas, said during a press conference following the informal meeting of EU Defense Ministers in Nicosia. From her part EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, spoke about the bloc’s support to Ukraine, while stressing the need for more pressure on Russia. She also referred to developments in the Middle East and her views on a standing EU army.
According to Palmas, the meeting clearly reaffirmed the solidarity of the government and people of the Republic of Cyprus with Ukraine.
‘Cyprus, as the country holding the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, has made support for Ukraine a central priority, consistently continuing the steadfast European approach,’ he added.
‘Ukraine is defending not only its national sovereignty but also a fundamental principle of the European and international security order: that the use of force cannot lead to the redrawing of borders. As a member state that remains under military occupation, we know the reality of violations of international law, and it is precisely for this reason that our position in support of Ukraine remains firm,’ he noted, adding that Ukraine’s Deputy Minister of Defense also participated in the discussion
According to the Minister, during the second thematic session, the Ministers exchanged views on maritime security, with particular emphasis on ensuring freedom of navigation and the need to counter destabilizing actions at sea.
He added that, in this context, ongoing efforts to counter Russia’s shadow fleet were discussed, as well as the role that Common Security and Defence Policy naval operations can play in strengthening maritime security, the EU’s presence, and its operational readiness in the maritime domain.
He added that during the working lunch that would follow, Ministers would focus on the European security strategy in light of the constantly evolving strategic environment, building on the progress achieved under the Strategic Compass.
He also said that there would be an exchange of views on further strengthening the EU’s defence readiness, its contribution to a stronger European pillar of NATO, as well as the need to strengthen the Union’s ability to decide, respond swiftly, cohesively, and effectively in the face of crises and threats.
‘Our meeting today reaffirms our determination to move forward with unity and strategic vision. In this context, the Council remains committed to building a strong, resilient, and reliable Europe in the field of security and defence,’ he concluded.
For her part, starting from Ukraine, EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, said that time no longer works in Russia’s favour on the battlefield.
‘Putin is losing money, men and momentum. That is precisely why Russia is escalating its attacks on Ukrainian civilians. Ministers’ exchange demonstrated today, once again, strong unity to support Ukraine and also put more pressure on Russia’, she continued.
‘The numbers speak volumes. Western sanctions have already cost Moscow an estimated $1.5 trillion. For next week, Foreign Affairs Council, my services have proposed more than 80 new listings targeting Russia’s military-industrial complex, human rights violators and propagandists. Brick by brick, we are collapsing the foundations of Russia’s war economy’, she further noted.
Regarding practical support to Ukraine, Kallas said that Ministers discussed the future of the European peace facility. ‘As you know, Hungary is lifting its veto on the blockage of $6.6 billion. I proposed to use these funds to reimburse the member states for the past weapons deliveries, to finance new joint procurements and to sustain operations in the EU-Ukraine mission’, she added.
According to the EU HR, Ministers also looked into deepening the defence-industrial cooperation with Ukraine, particularly on air defence, which is the most needed capability right now. ‘This must go hand in hand with facilitating production of Ukrainian systems in the EU and establishing European companies in Ukraine. The EU $90 billion loan for Ukraine is ready to roll out. The first $5.9 billion payout is going to be for drones this month. As we allocate funding, Ukraine needs are the ultimate priority’, she said.
On developments in the Middle East, Kallas said that Israel and Iran exchanged fire overnight. ‘The region is stuck in phases of peace talks and fragile ceasefires. A return to full-scale war would come at tremendous cost to the entire region. All sides must come back to the negotiation table. Freedom of navigation is under heavy pressure globally, as we see most acutely in the Strait of Hormuz. Tehran effectively closed the strait and its drones continue to threaten the maritime traffic’, she continued.
‘Ministers were clear today that Iran’s actions are unacceptable. In response, EU member states in Brussels today approved sanctions against Iranian individuals and entities involved in disrupting the transit through the Strait of Hormuz. This is the first time the EU has applied its new freedom of navigation sanctions regime and, where necessary, will apply it again.
‘Our Operation ASPIDES is making a crucial contribution protecting shipping in the Red Sea. The latest threat by Houthis to target ships also in the Red Sea shows how important this mission is. I have also proposed, once the conditions permit, that ASPIDES could contribute also to the Franco-British coalition in the Strait. Based on the discussions today, we will continue to work on this proposal’, she added.
As regards countering Russia’s shadow fleet, the lesson is that concerted action works, continued Kallas, adding that over the past months, EU measures have made these shady operations harder, riskier and more costly.
She mentioned the example of France and Sweden having recently boarded tankers and the EU naval operation IRINI having begun boarding shadow fleet vessels under updated rules of engagement. ‘Every vessel seized, detained or disrupted means less revenue for Russia to finance this war’, she said, adding that after the press conference Ministers will have also a chance to discuss the European security strategy.
Finally, referring to the elections in Armenia, Kallas said the vote took place under heavy Russian pressure and economic coercion. ‘The Armenian people have made it clear that they have made their democratic commitment to peace and also closer ties with Europe. The EU is preparing an economic support package for Armenia and we will continue to be its partner’, she concluded.
Asked if she is in any way concerned that the EU and especially East European nations might be sidelined from Ukraine-Russia diplomacy, particularly in view of the E3 meeting in London yesterday with President Zelensky, the EU HR expressed the view that Ministers had a very good discussion on the substance of the issue.
‘We really also need to have strategic patience when it comes to really pushing Russia into a situation where they genuinely would negotiate. We feel that it is not there yet. That is why we were also discussing today how to put more pressure, that is why we are coming up with the 21st package of sanctions and actually moving further away to push them really genuinely to negotiate, but we are not there yet, she added.
Asked what options does the EU have to influence the situation, in the Middle East, Kallas said that Ministers discussed today what the EU can do in terms of freedom of navigation.
‘When it comes to the Middle East and the war that is going on, then eventually US and Iran need to really agree on these things. And of course we, together with the regional partners, are also passing these messages that the diplomacy needs to prevail and really have this first phase of agreement or mutual understanding of seizing the hostilities and then opening the Strait of Hormuz and then using this time to negotiate’, she continued.
She added the EU has also offered nuclear experts on the negotiations, as this is another important issue: ‘We have expertise also when it comes to trust-building or confidence-building measures that we can bring to the table, because it is not only the ceasefire that we need, but the long-term peace that also requires the voice of the regional actors to be taken into account.’
Asked to comment on the recent drone threats in Eastern Europe and whether there is some kind of solution, Kallas said these incidents have shown why the EU needs to proceed quickly with all the work that it is doing with the drone wall and actually get these capabilities up.
‘We have a lot to learn from Ukraine regarding this, because they have put it up very, very effectively. We heard today from the Deputy Minister that the interception rate is 97 percent, that they are taking these drones down. And we really need not to create a bicycle, but learn from them. It shows clearly that the threat is also to European soil. We have to take it seriously when it comes to really boosting our own defence and keeping in mind also the way that the wars are conducted today, especially in mind that the drones are a very effective tool, so we need to have also the tools to counter that risk’, she stressed.
Asked about her views on putting together a standing EU army or at least a quick reaction force to counter any threat, as an addendum to NATO on issues that the EU really cares about and needs to respond quickly, the EU HR said that generally defence is a national competence and member states are encouraged to work more jointly together, ‘because also if the member states are strong, also the European pillar in NATO is strong.’
‘Why I don’t support an additional army, it is because every member state has one army. 23 member states are also members of NATO, if you allocate this army to NATO, then you cannot use it elsewhere, you cannot also create another army, just a parallel. That is why it is very important that we do not create structures that could create confusion’, she continued.
‘We, of course, also on the European level have Article 42.7, which is not equal to Article 5 in NATO, to be very clear. But that is why we have also proposed how to operationalise this article if member states also need help. We have many tools when it comes to European Commission, when it comes to the External Action Service, when it comes to also the member states and I think member states need to understand who does what in terms of crisis. We have the crisis response teams when it comes to hybrid attacks that have been quite successful, and we need to develop these even further, but not to create an alternative army to those armies that already exist’, she explained.
Asked about her visit to Ireland tomorrow and how high on her agenda is the question about an Irish aluminium factory’s exports to Russia, Kallas said that every time the media do a good job to actually flag these issues, the Commission is also raising these issues when talking about next sanctions, ‘because our aim is to really deprive Russia of the funding that they get from various resources.’
‘So clearly, we can discuss what kind of impact it has and whether member states are willing to put this forward and agree also on this to, again, put more pressure on Russia. But definitely, I think it will also be a topic that we will discuss tomorrow’, she concluded.