Category: Cyprus News Agency

Cyprus’ Minister of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Dr. Maria Panayiotou, is in Brussels for the extraordinary meeting of the EU Environment Ministers, which aims to reach an agreement on the new European Climate Law for 2040, in view of the upcoming UN Climate Conference COP30 to be held in Belém, Brazil.

The Minister expressed on Tuesday Cyprus’ support for the compromise text proposed by the Danish Presidency, underlining the need for joint European action in tackling the climate crisis. ‘An extraordinary Environment Council is taking place today, at a very critical moment for Europe and for its citizens,’ Panayiotou stated before attending the Environment Council, adding that the member states are called upon ‘to agree on the compromise text of the general approach submitted by the Presidency, concerning the Climate Law for 2040.’

The Minister stressed that the new Climate Law will define ‘the steps we will take to achieve our goals and to effectively address the impacts of the climate crisis,’ emphasizing that ‘Cyprus is experiencing these impacts to the highest degree, both through prolonged drought and extremely high temperatures.’

Referring to Nicosia’s position, Dr. Panayiotou clarified that ‘Cyprus naturally supports the text. It is a document to which elements we have requested have been added, such as the recognition of the specific characteristics of island states, and the problems caused by wildfires, which we Mediterranean countries experience particularly intensely, as we are situated in a climate hot spot.’

She also made special reference to ‘the need to ensure competitiveness and strengthen food security,’ as key prerequisites for a fair and realistic green transition.

In conclusion, the Minister expressed the hope for a positive outcome of the deliberations. ‘What we hope for, what we look forward to, is to reach a positive conclusion on this text today and to agree on the general approach for the 2040 conclusions’ she said.

In a push toward green development and improved urban living, the Ministry of Finance has announced a pound 55 million investment under the ‘THALEIA 2021-2027’ Cohesion Policy Programme for the creation and enhancement of parks across the island.

According to the General Directorate for Development (GDD), the initiative aims to promote sustainable mobility, environmental awareness, and an improved quality of life for citizens. The parks are envisioned as safe, functional, and eco-friendly public spaces that encourage relaxation, social interaction, and connection with nature.

‘These parks are vital interventions for sustainable development,’ the GDD stated, ‘not only for their environmental benefits but also as community hubs that foster social cohesion and a sense of belonging among citizens and families.’ The parks also serve as recreational areas that help alleviate stress, particularly in urban centers where daily life is fast-paced and demanding.

Ten key projects have or are being implemented with co-funding from the European Union, the national budget, and local authorities. Among the most notable is the revitalisation of the Old GSP Stadium in Nicosia, which was transformed into a green and recreational space with a budget of pound 27.3 million and completed in early 2025. Another significant project is the Environmental Awareness Linear Park along the Yialias River, budgeted at pound 5.6 million.

In Larnaca, several developments are underway, including the redesign of Patticheio Park with a budget of pound 6.6 million, the development of Salina Municipal Park (pound 3.2 million), and the creation of a Multifunctional Park in the Tsiakkilero area (pound 2.3 million). Limassol has also seen progress, with the completion of a park on Goguen Street in August 2024 (pound 2.3 million) and another near Aetos Stadium in May 2025 (pound 1.1 million).

Additional projects include the Urban Multifunctional Park in Ayia Napa (pound 4.3 million), the Sports and Wellness Park in Sotira (pound 0.9 million), and the Linear Park in Acheritou (pound 1 million).

The European Commission calls on Turkey to reaffirm its commitment to the UN-sponsored Cyprus settlement talks, while noting in its annual progress report that unilateral actions that could increase tensions on the island and hinder the resumption of talks should be avoided. It also reiterates that the EU remains fully committed to a comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus issue within the UN framework, on the basis of the relevant Security Council resolutions and EU principles.

The European Commission’s Annual Report on Turkey was published after its approval by the College of Commissioners on Tuesday. The report covers the period from September 2024 to September 2025, depicting a picture of minor improvements in certain economic and technical areas, but it highlights the ongoing backsliding in democracy, rule of law, and human rights.

Commissioner for Enlargement, Márta Kos, stated while presenting the annual reports of the candidate countries to the European Parliament’s Committee on Foreign Affairs in Brussels that “Trkiye is a key partner, sharing the same strategic interest in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea region, where we cooperate within the framework of the cross-regional connectivity agenda. At the same time, the continued deterioration of democratic standards, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, and respect for fundamental rights remains a matter of serious concern. Accession negotiations have been at a standstill since 2018.”

The EU expects Turkey to commit to good neighbourly relations and the peaceful resolution of disputes, including recourse to the International Court of Justice if necessary. “Trkiye must: (i) avoid threats and actions that harm good neighbourly relations; (ii) normalise its relations with the Republic of Cyprus; and (iii) respect the sovereignty of all EU Member States over their territorial waters and airspace, as well as all their sovereign rights, including the right to explore and exploit natural resources in accordance with EU and international law, particularly UNCLOS,” the report states.

On Cyprus issue, the report emphasises that “Trkiye continued to refuse to recognise and cooperate with the Republic of Cyprus. Despite repeated calls by the European Council and the Commission, Trkiye has yet to fulfil its obligations as outlined in the Declaration of the European Community and its Member States of 21 September 2005 and in Council Conclusions, including those of December 2006 and December 2015. Trkiye did not fulfil its obligation to ensure the full and non-discriminatory implementation of the Additional Protocol to the Association Agreement and did not remove all obstacles to the free movement of goods, including restrictions on direct transport links with the Republic of Cyprus.”

Additionally, Turkey continued its military exercises in Cyprus’ maritime zones, harassed Cypriot fishing vessels, and violated Cypriot airspace. The report notes that “the military exercises of Trkiye in the maritime zones of Cyprus continued. The flights of Turkish unmanned aerial vehicles in the Flight Information Region (FIR) and the national airspace of the Republic of Cyprus also continued unabated. Trkiye continued to upgrade its military drone base in Lefkoniko and its naval base in Bogazi. The harassment of Cypriot fishing vessels and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities by Trkiye continued to be reported.”

On Cyprus settlement talks, the report highlights that “Trkiye continued to advocate for a two-state solution in Cyprus, contrary to relevant UN Security Council Resolutions, stating that any process seeking a bi-zonal, bi-communal federation would not be successful. The internationally unrecognised ‘trnc’ has participated as an observer in the Organisation of Turkic States since 2022. The European Union recognises only the Republic of Cyprus as a subject of international law in accordance with the relevant UN Security Council Resolutions and has stressed that any action that facilitates or assists in any way the international recognition of the Turkish Cypriot secessionist entity seriously undermines efforts to prepare for formal negotiations under the auspices of the UN.”

It is also mentioned that it is crucial for Turkey to reaffirm its commitment to the Cyprus settlement talks under the auspices of the UN, in accordance with the relevant UN Security Council Resolutions, including their external aspects. No unilateral actions that could increase tensions on the island and hinder the resumption of talks should be taken. Regarding Varosha, the report states that “Trkiye must immediately reverse the unilateral actions announced on 20 July 2021 and all steps taken since October 2020 that are contrary to the relevant UN Security Council Resolutions. The EU underlines the importance of the status of Varosha and calls for full respect of the UN Security Council Resolutions (in particular Resolutions 550, 789, and 1251).”

Regarding the situation in Famagusta, it is noted that “despite international condemnations and the inadmissibility of the settlement of any part of Varosha by persons other than its inhabitants, as provided for in UN Security Council Resolution 550 (1984), Trkiye did not reverse its actions to open the entire fenced-off area of Varosha, thereby further entrenching the fait accompli on the ground.” It is also noted that the restrictions imposed on UNFICYP within the fenced-off area of Varosha remain in effect, challenging the peacekeeping force’s ability to carry out its mandate.

The European Union reiterates its call for Turkey to respect international law and cooperate for a fair solution to the Cyprus issue. The report states that “the EU remains fully committed to a comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus issue within the UN framework, in accordance with all relevant UN Security Council Resolutions and in line with the principles on which the EU is founded and its acquis. The EU has expressed, most recently in the conclusions of the European Council of December 2024, its readiness to play an active role in supporting all stages of the UN-led process, with all appropriate means at its disposal.”

The report also addresses broader concerns regarding Turkey’s democratic institutions, rule of law, and human rights situation. In the realm of democracy, it says that the electoral framework, while ensuring free choice among political alternatives, fails to provide a level playing field for all stakeholders. Opposition politicians continue to face significant judicial pressure, which stifles political competition and undermines fundamental democratic principles. The judiciary, it goes on, remains under the influence of the executive branch, leading to selective targeting of opposition figures and a lack of full implementation of European Court of Human Rights judgments.

Civil society in Turkey operates within a restrictive environment, facing persistent judicial and administrative pressures that hinder its ability to function effectively, as per the report. Freedom of expression has experienced backsliding due to increased censorship, the introduction of disinformation laws, and mounting pressure on independent media outlets. Minority groups, including Kurds, LGBTIQ+ individuals, and religious minorities, continue to face discrimination and hate crimes, while gender equality policies have weakened, particularly following Turkey’s withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention in 2021, it is added.

On economical terms, Turkey maintains an advanced market economy but grapples with challenges such as high inflation, currency instability, and reliance on external borrowing. Although unemployment has seen a slight decline, gender inequality in the labor market persists, and the informal economy remains a significant issue. Corruption and a lack of transparency in public contracts further undermine economic stability.

On migration and refugees, it is noted that Turkey hosts one of the world’s largest refugee populations, with 2.5 million Syrians under temporary protection. However, access to healthcare and education for refugees remains limited. Despite EU calls, the return of irregular migrants from the Greek islands has not resumed, highlighting ongoing challenges in migration management.

In a fusion of culture and technology, the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation has unveiled Tefkros, the nation’s first interactive museum guide powered by artificial intelligence. This pioneering innovation marks a significant leap forward in how visitors engage with cultural heritage, offering personalized, immersive, and educational tours.

Tefkros is more than just a robot-it’s a symbol of how tradition and innovation can harmoniously coexist. Initially guiding visitors through the Numismatic Museum, Tefkros is set to expand its presence to other permanent and temporary exhibitions hosted by the Foundation.

‘With Tefkros, we place culture at the heart of technological progress,’ said Dr. Yiannis Toumazis, Director of the Foundation, who first envisioned the project.

Tefkros originated from a simple sketch, which was transformed into a 2D image using AI, developed into a 3D model, and ultimately constructed using advanced 3D printing techniques. Standing 75 cm tall and weighing under 7 kg, the robot is made from durable polymer materials.

Its design is inspired by ancient Cyprus, featuring reddish-brown tones and geometric patterns reminiscent of traditional Cypriot artifacts. The result is a guide that resembles a museum piece more than a machine.

Tefkros’ head features a digital screen capable of displaying human-like expressions-smiles, curiosity, and wonder-creating a natural and engaging experience for visitors of all ages.

Powered by artificial intelligence and machine learning, Tefkros continuously updates its content, answers questions, and tailors its guidance to each visitor’s interests, transforming a museum visit into a dynamic dialogue with history.

The launch of Tefkros positions Cyprus as a global leader in merging cultural preservation with technological innovation. Tefkros is not just a guide-it’s a storyteller, a conversationalist, and a bridge between the past and the digital age.

Named after the mythical founder of Salamis, Cyprus, Tefkros symbolizes the creation of new worlds-just as this modern incarnation ushers in a new era of museum experiences.

Tefkros will be available to the public at the Numismatic Museum on specific dates and times, which will be announced soon. The robot was created by Elpidoforos Anastasiou, PhD candidate at the Cyprus University of Technology, as part of the STEAM Space and AI research at the Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence.

For more information, contact the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation at 22 128175 or visit them at 86-90 Faneromenis, 1011 Nicosia.

CYPRUS DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY

FORECAST FOR THE SEA AREA OF CYPRUS (C)

FOR THE PERIOD FROM 1800 04/11/2025 UNTIL 1800 05/11/2025

Area covered is 8 kilometers seawards.

Winds are in BEAUFORT scale. Times are local times.

Atmospheric pressure at the time of issue: 1016hPa (hectopascal)

Weak low pressure is starting to affect the area. The weather over the coastal areas will be mainly fine with locally increased cloud coverage.

Visibility: Good

Sea surface temperature: 24°C

Warnings: NIL

AREA PERIOD WIND STATE OF SEA

West Coast

Night Northwest to Northeast 3, at times offshore Northwest to North 3 to 4 Smooth to Slight

Morning Southwest to Northwest 3 Smooth to Slight

Afternoon West to Northwest 3 to 4 Smooth to Slight

South Coast

Night Northwest to Northeast 3, gradually North to Northeast 3 to 4 Smooth to Slight

Morning North to Northeast 3 to 4, locally 4 Slight

Afternoon Northeast to East 4, locally 4 to 5 Slight

East Coast

Night North to Northeast 3 to 4 Smooth to Slight

Morning Northeast 3 to 4, locally 4 Slight

Afternoon Northeast to East 4, at times offshore 4 to 5 Slight

North Coast

Night North to Northeast 3 to 4, near the coast Southeast to Southwest 3 Smooth to Slight

Morning Northeast 3 to 4, locally 4 Slight

Afternoon Northeast 4, locally 4 to 5 Slight

Cyprus has evolved into one of Europe’s fastest-growing fund jurisdictions, with over 330 registered investment funds and sub-funds and Assets Under Management exceeding pound 10.7 billion, Maria Panayiotou, President of the Cyprus Investment Funds Association (CIFA) has said.

According to a press release, she was speaking on Monday at the 11th Cyprus International Funds Summit and Expo, co-organised by the Cyprus Investment Funds Association (CIFA) and Invest Cyprus, that brought together a global audience of fund managers, institutional investors, policymakers, and service providers to examine the future of the alternative investment landscape.

? significant number of delegates from various countries joined the event, reaffirming Cyprus’ growing stature as an international hub for fund structuring, administration, and capital flows, it says.

In her opening remarks, Panayiotou highlighted the sector’s rapid development saying that ‘Cyprus has evolved into one of Europe’s fastest-growing fund jurisdictions, with over 330 registered investment funds and sub-funds and Assets Under Management exceeding pound 10.7 billion. Almost pound 3 billion is invested into the real economy ?of the country-proof of the sector’s real and growing contribution.’

She also underlined the importance of outward-looking partnerships noting that ‘we are building new pathways for cooperation with Greece, India, and the broader Gulf region. Cyprus can serve as a reliable, well-regulated, EU-based partner for emerging and mature markets alike.’

Dr. George Theocharides, Chairman, Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) reaffirmed CySEC’s commitment to the responsible and sustainable growth of the collective investment sector.

‘Our goal is to further strengthen Cyprus’ position as a trusted, dynamic, and forward-looking jurisdiction within the European and global investment landscape. Through continuous engagement in national, European, and international forums, we ensure Cyprus maintains a strong and respected voice, actively contributing to shaping the future of financial supervision and the investment funds industry,’ he said.

Meanwhile, Michael Fekkas, First Vice-Chair of the Hellenic Capital Market Commission, explained the actions being undertaken at the European level to make collective investments more accessible, simpler, and safer for retail investors. He noted that while an initial adjustment period may be required, in the medium term the benefits will be significant-both for investors and for collective investment organisations.

In his address, Marios Tannousis, CEO, Invest Cyprus, pointed out that the funds sector continues to play a pivotal role in Cyprus’ strategy to position itself as a competitive and forward-looking investment destination. The country’s stable regulatory environment, robust professional services ecosystem, and strategic access to Europe, the Middle East and Asia, make it an ideal gateway for international fund managers and institutional investors. ‘At Invest Cyprus, we remain committed to supporting initiatives that attract high-quality investments and further enhance the credibility and depth of the local funds industry.’

The Summit’s programme focused on the evolution of Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs), covering the 2026 market outlooks from global names like BlackRock, Hamilton Lane, and Apollo, capital raising and cross-border distribution in an increasingly digitalised and decentralised environment, the expanding footprint of private equity, venture capital, and impact investing and the rise of India’s AIF ecosystem and Cyprus’ role as an entry point into the E.

Discussions also touched on the need for Cyprus to maintain a competitive tax and regulatory framework, while remaining aligned with international standards. The role of platforms, fintech solutions, and ESG integration was highlighted as central to the next phase of growth for the funds sector.

Petros Mavrommatis, Vice President of CIFA, closed the Summit by highlighting that the industry needs its representatives to maintain the collective effort undertaken in recent years to grow the market and to allow it to mature as a reputable Alternative Investment Fund jurisdiction.

A new shipment of 940 tons of humanitarian aid sent from Cyprus arrived at the port of Ashdod and is to be delivered to the civilians in Gaza via UNOPS, the Foreign Ministry said in a post on X on Tuesday.

According to Cyprus’ Foreign Ministry, these humanitarian supplies consist of food items and shelter equipment, and are added to the 27,000 tons of aid that have already been distributed in Gaza through the Cyprus Maritime Corridor.

It is added that the implementation of the Amalthea Plan continues, in cooperation with the United Arab Emirates and in coordination with UNOPS and international partners, including other EU Member States.

‘Cyprus will continue to actively contribute in the humanitarian field in coordination with its partners, always under the auspices of the United Nations’, the Ministry concludes.

2025 Enlargement Package shows progress towards EU membership for key enlargement partners

Today, the European Commission adopted its annual Enlargement Package, presenting a comprehensive assessment of the progress made by the enlargement partners over the past twelve months. This year’s package reaffirms that the momentum for enlargement stands high on the priority agenda of the EU. It also confirms that the accession of new Member States is increasingly within reach.

Staying consistent and following a merit-based approach is key to successful EU accession. Montenegro, Albania, Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Trkiye and Georgia continue their respective paths towards the EU. The pace of their reforms, in particular in the areas of democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights, directly impacts the speed of accession. These advancements benefit both aspiring Member States and current EU Member States, fostering prosperity, democracy, security and stability while unlocking new opportunities for citizens and businesses, such as strategic investments and opening of the Single Market.

Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission said: ‘We are more committed than ever to turning EU enlargement into a reality. Because a larger Union means a stronger and more influential Europe on the global stage. But enlargement is a merit-based process. Our package provides specific recommendations to all our partners. And to all of them we say: EU accession is a unique offer. A promise of peace, prosperity and solidarity. With the right reforms and a strong political will, our partners can seize this opportunity.’

The assessments, accompanied by recommendations and guidance on the reform priorities, provide a roadmap for enlargement partners toward EU membership. The Commission remains fully committed to supporting future Member States in this journey. Gradual integration of the aspiring Members into the Single Market strengthens ties with the Union already before their accession. Significant progress has been achieved over the past year. With enlargement as a clear policy goal in this mandate, the Commission is committed to ensuring both the readiness of aspiring members as well as the EU’s preparedness to welcome them. To this end, a Communication on in-depth policy reviews and reforms will be presented soon.

To ensure that new Member States continue to safeguard and maintain their track-record on the rule of law, democracy and fundamental rights, future Accession Treaties should contain stronger safeguards against backsliding on commitments made during the accession negotiations.

Effective communication, as well as countering foreign information manipulation and interference, including disinformation is a strategic imperative.

The Commission also stands ready to support Member States’ effort to further anchor public trust in the process and help enlargement move forward with the legitimacy it needs.

Main conclusions

Montenegro has marked significant progress toward EU accession, closing four negotiation chapters over the last year. Montenegro’s commitment to provisionally closing further chapters by the end of 2025 reflects its dedication to European integration. Maintaining steady progress on reforms and seeking continuous broad political consensus are crucial for achieving the country’s target to close accession negotiations by the end of 2026. Subject to maintaining the pace of reforms, Montenegro is on track to meet this ambitious objective.

Albania has made significant progress, with four clusters opened over the last year. Preparations for the opening of the last cluster this year are well advanced. Progress has been achieved on the fundamentals, particularly on justice reform and in the fight against organised crime and corruption. Continued efforts are now needed to meet the interim benchmarks under the fundamentals, which will pave the way to start closing negotiating chapters once the necessary sector reforms have been made. Achieving Albania’s goal of concluding negotiations by 2027 depends on maintaining reform momentum and fostering inclusive political dialogue. Subject to maintaining the pace of reforms, Albania is on track to meet this ambitious objective.

Despite Russia’s unrelenting war of aggression, Ukraine remains strongly committed to its EU accession path, having successfully completed the screening process and advanced on key reforms. Ukraine has adopted roadmaps on the rule of law, public administration, and the functioning of democratic institutions, as well as an action plan on national minorities, which the Commission assessed positively. Ukraine has met the conditions required to open clusters: one (fundamentals), six (external relations), and two (internal market). The Commission expects Ukraine to meet the conditions to open the remaining three clusters and works to ensure that the Council is in a position to take forward the opening of all clusters before the end of the year. The Ukrainian government has signalled its objective to provisionally close accession negotiations by the end of 2028. The Commission is committed to support this ambitious objective but considers that, to meet it an acceleration of the pace of reforms is required, notably with regards to the fundamentals, in particular rule of law.

In the face of continuous hybrid threats and attempts to destabilise the country, Moldova has significantly advanced on its accession path, successfully completing the screening process. The first EU-Moldova summit in July 2025 marked a new stage of cooperation and integration. Moldova has adopted roadmaps on the rule of law, public administration, and the functioning of democratic institutions, which the Commission assessed positively. The Commission’s assessment is that Moldova has met the conditions required to open clusters: one (fundamentals), six (external relations), and two (internal market). The Commission expects Moldova to also meet the conditions to open the remaining three clusters and works to ensure that the Council is in a position to take forward the opening of all clusters before the end of the year. The government of Moldova has signalled its objective to provisionally close accession negotiations by early 2028. The Commission is committed to supporting this objective, which is ambitious but achievable, provided Moldova accelerates the current pace of reforms. Sustaining reform momentum is crucial, reinforced by strong parliamentary support for the country’s European path following elections in September.

The polarisation in Serbian society has deepened against the background of mass protests taking place across Serbia since November 2024, reflecting disappointment of citizens over inter alia corruption and the perceived lack of accountability and transparency coupled with instances of excessive use of force against protestors and pressure on civil society. This has led to an increasingly difficult environment where divisive rhetoric has led to a serious erosion of trust amongst the stakeholders which, in turn, impacts the accession process. Reforms have significantly slowed down. While acknowledging some recent developments, such as the relaunch of the procedure of selection of the new Council of the regulatory body for electronic media (REM) and progress in the legislative process on the Law on a unified voter register, which now need to be completed and implemented, as well as a recent increase in alignment with the EU’s common foreign and security policy, which needs to be pursued, more needs to be done. Serbia is expected to overcome the standstill in the area of judiciary and fundamental rights overall and urgently reverse the backsliding on freedom of expression and the erosion of academic freedom. The Commission assessment from 2021 that Serbia had fulfilled the opening benchmarks for cluster 3 (competitiveness and inclusive growth) remains valid.

North Macedonia continued its work on the roadmaps for the rule of law, public administration reform, and the functioning of democratic institutions, as well as on the action plan on the protection of minorities. Further swift and decisive action is needed on the opening benchmarks, in line with the negotiating framework, with a view to opening the first cluster as soon as possible and when relevant conditions are met. North Macedonia should intensify efforts to uphold the rule of law, by safeguarding judicial independence and integrity, and strengthening the fight against corruption. The Country also needs to adopt the necessary constitutional changes with a view to including in the Constitution citizens who live within the borders of the state and who are part of other people, such as Bulgarians, as outlined in the Council Conclusions of July 2022, which the country committed to launch and achieve.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the political crisis in the Republika Srpska entity and the end of the ruling coalition have undermined EU accession progress, resulting in limited reforms, namely on data protection and border control, as well as the signature of the Frontex status agreement. On a positive note, Bosnia and Herzegovina submitted in September 2025 its Reform Agenda to the European Commission. Following recent institutional changes in the Republika Srpska entity, Bosnia and Herzegovina has the opportunity to deliver on reforms on the EU path. To effectively start accession negotiations, authorities must in the first place finalise and adopt judicial reform laws, in full alignment with European standards, and appoint a chief negotiator.

Kosovo has remained committed to its European path, with a high level of public support. The delay in forming the institutions following the February general elections slowed down EU-related reform progress. Forging cross-party cooperation and re-prioritising these reforms is necessary for Kosovo to get back on track of its EU path. Normalisation of relations with Serbia and implementation of Dialogue commitments remain an integral part of Kosovo’s European perspective. The Commission stands ready to prepare an Opinion on Kosovo’s membership application, if requested by the Council. The Commission has taken the first steps to gradually lift measures against Kosovo in place from May 2025. The next steps remain conditional on sustained de-escalation in the north. The Commission intends to further lift these measures provided an orderly transfer of local governance in the north is achieved following the second round of the local elections and de-escalation is sustained.

Trkiye remains a candidate country and key partner for the EU. In line with the European Council conclusions of April 2024, the EU has advanced relations with Trkiye in a phased, proportionate and reversible manner, engaging on shared priorities. The resumption of Cyprus settlement talks is a key element of cooperation. At the same time, the increasing legal actions against opposition figures and parties, alongside multiple other arrests, raise serious concerns about Trkiye’s adherence to democratic values. While dialogue on the rule of law remains central to EU-Trkiye relations, the deterioration of democratic standards, judicial independence, and fundamental rights has yet to be addressed. Accession negotiations with Trkiye remain at a standstill since 2018.

In 2024, the European Council concluded that Georgia’s EU accession process was de facto halted. Since then, the situation has sharply deteriorated, with serious democratic backsliding marked by a rapid erosion of the rule of law and severe restrictions on fundamental rights. This includes legislation severely limiting civic space, undermining freedom of expression and assembly, and violating the principle of non-discrimination. Georgian authorities need to urgently reverse their democratic backsliding and undertake comprehensive and tangible efforts to address outstanding concerns and key reforms supported by cross-party cooperation and civic engagement, in line with EU values. Following the December 2024 European Council Conclusions and in light of Georgia’s continued backsliding, the Commission considers Georgia a candidate country in name only. The Georgian authorities must demonstrate resolute commitment to reverse course and return to the EU accession path.

Next steps

It is now for the Council to consider today’s recommendations of the Commission and take decisions on the steps ahead in the enlargement process.

Background

Enlargement is a strict, fair and merit-based process, based on the objective progress of each enlargement country. The EU supports the strengthening of institutions, democratic governance and public administration reforms across these countries.

By fostering gradual integration, the EU brings benefits even before the accession. Initiatives such as the pound 6 billion Growth Plan for the Western Balkans, the pound 1.9 billion Moldova Growth Plan, and the pound 50 billion Ukraine Facility allow countries advance in their reforms, as well establish stronger connection with the EU, such as through gradual integration and the participation in SEPA and “Roam Like at Home”.

Each enlargement has made our Union stronger. When ten countries joined the EU in 2004, it marked the Union’s largest ever expansion. In the two decades since, newcomers have seen living standards double, unemployment fall by nearly half, life expectancy rise from 75 to 79 years, poverty and social exclusion drop sharply, and 6 million new jobs created. For the existing members, trade has multiplied more than fivefold ever since, while 20 million jobs have also been created. For the EU as a whole, the Single Market gained 74 million new consumers at the time and the EU economy has expanded by 27% despite global crises.

For more information

2025 Communication on EU Enlargement Policy – Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood

Factsheet on the EU accession process

Factsheet on the accession negotiations state of play

For detailed findings and recommendations, see:

Montenegro: Report; Factsheet

Albania: Report; Factsheet

Ukraine: Report; Factsheet

Moldova: Report; Factsheet

Serbia: Report; Factsheet

North Macedonia: Report; Factsheet

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Report; Factsheet

Kosovo: Report; Factsheet

Trkiye: Report; Factsheet

Georgia: Report; Factsheet

Quote(s)

We are more committed than ever to turning EU enlargement into a reality. Because a larger Union means a stronger and more influential Europe on the global stage. But enlargement is a merit-based process. Our package provides specific recommendations to all our partners. And to all of them we say: EU accession is a unique offer. A promise of peace, prosperity and solidarity. With the right reforms and a strong political will, our partners can seize this opportunity.

Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission

The enlargement process is moving faster today than in the last 15 years. But we cannot afford to lose momentum. The global order is shifting, and Europe’s security is increasingly at risk. Enlargement is an investment in a stable Europe and the majority of our citizens recognise this. There are no shortcuts for aspiring countries, but whatever the EU can do to support the process we must do. The window for enlargement is wide open and we have to seize the opportunity now. New countries joining the EU by 2030 is a realistic goal.

Kaja Kallas, High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission

Overall, 2025 was a year of significant progress for EU enlargement. Montenegro, Albania, Ukraine and Moldova stand out. They advanced most on reforms in the past year. At the current pace and quality of reforms, we may be able to conclude accession negotiations in the coming years. If done right, a larger Union will make Europe stronger. The Commission will insist the highest quality of reforms, especially on the rule of law, democratic institutions, and fundamental freedoms. There will be no shortcuts. A unified continent is the strongest response to those who seek to divide and destabilize Europe.

Turkey’s violations of international law and human rights in Cyprus and the illegal arrest of five Greek Cypriots were discussed by House President Annita Demetriou, in a meeting she had on Tuesday with the President of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Koen Lenaerts and Members of the Court, who are paying Cyprus a visit.

A press release by the House of Representatives says that Demetriou referred to the illegal arrest and continued detention by the Turkish-occupation regime of five Greek Cypriot refugees on the basis of unfounded charges, noting that this is a political act of retaliation for the prosecution by the Republic of Cyprus of foreign usurpers of Greek Cypriot properties in the island’s occupied territories.

The President of the House expressed her gratitude for the Court’s work as the guardian of the Treaties and the principles and values of the European Union, for the benefit of all European citizens.

She noted that the Court offers an additional shield of protection against the challenges that Europe is faced with in today’s geopolitical situation.

The President of the House referred to the Cypriot political system and the clear separation of powers, highlighting the challenges that arise due to the inability to amend the fundamental articles of the Constitution and the unresolved Cyprus problem.

She also referred to the parliamentary dimension of the Cypriot Presidency of the Council of the EU and the upcoming parliamentary elections in Cyprus to take place next May.

Demetriou reaffirmed the commitment of the House of Representatives to continuous the close cooperation with the European institutions for the benefit of citizens, emphasizing that third countries, which wish to cooperate with the EU, must embrace European principles and values.

CJEU President Koen Lenaerts said that visits to member states that are about to assume the Presidency of the Council of the EU are a practice of the Court with the aim of better informing its members about the specificities of each member state.

He also underlined that the accession of a state to the EU presupposes its compliance with the Union’s criteria in the areas of democracy and the rule of law.

The President of the Court also noted that European law is applicable in all member states, while also creating obligations. He stressed that trust between member states is a basic condition for its implementation, in order to protect democracy.

At the meeting, both sides underlined the importance of better informing citizens about the functioning of the EU and European law.

The Eurozone economy remains weak and risks falling behind global competitors unless it moves decisively to deepen financial integration and competitiveness, Cyprus Central Bank Governor Christodoulos Patsalides said in a live interview during the 21st Annual Economist Cyprus Summit.

While acknowledging that the Cypriot economy remains remarkably resilient, he stressed that the euro area as a whole is expanding at only around 1%, a rate he described as ‘low.’

‘It is evident that the Eurozone and the European Union in general need to ascertain themselves and become more competitive,’ Patsalides said. He added that there have been many studies – referring to the Draghi report and others – that make recommendations as to how this can be achieved.

He pointed out key areas for progress, including the completion of the Banking Union, the creation of a Capital Markets Union, enhancement of the single market, and the development of a proper venture capital ecosystem to boost innovation and startups. ‘These are important initiatives,’ he said, ‘and the European Union needs to move on if it wants to play internationally.’

Call for progress on Capital Markets Union

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Patsalides said there is now concrete momentum behind efforts to advance the Capital Markets Union, long viewed as essential to strengthening Europe’s financial base. ‘I do see progress,’ he said. ‘I can vouch for the ECB – it is an active matter continuously on our agenda. The will is there and there is planning on behalf of the European Commission.’

He pointed to specific proposals such as the Single Market for Investments and the so-called ’28th regime’, an additional European legal framework designed to overcome national fragmentation in financial regulation. ‘Fragmentation is a real issue in Europe,’ he warned. ‘We have 20 different legislations. It is important that we come up with initiatives that overcome this fragmentation with the view to enlarging capital markets in Europe.’

The Governor also noted the gap between Europe and the U.S. in financial depth.

Patsalides added that Cyprus’ upcoming Presidency of the Council of the EU in 2026 could help drive this agenda forward, including further work on capital market integration.

Cypriot economy shows strength amid uncertainty

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On Cyprus, Patsalides said the domestic economy continues to perform strongly. He said that the growth rate today is around 2%, unemployment is at historically low levels, public finances are recording fiscal surpluses for numerous years now, and debt-to-GDP is very near the Maastricht criteria. Inflation, he added, has come down to almost zero percent.

He attributed this resilience to diversification, with new sectors such as technology and professional services playing an increasing role, and to a robust banking system with very strong capital and liquidity ratios, among the highest in the Eurozone.

However, he cautioned that Cyprus remains vulnerable to external shocks, given its openness and dependence on external demand. ‘There is uncertainty, primarily because of geopolitical uncertainty, trade tensions, and other developments in the financial sector,’ he said. ‘The economy needs to focus and remain vigilant,’ the Central Bank Governor noted.

Market risks and high valuations

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On global financial markets, Patsalides acknowledged concerns about high asset valuations, especially in the US. ‘Valuations are quite rich,’ he said. ‘To some extent it is justified by the evolution of technology and recent developments in AI. But if you look historically, they are quite high.’

He talked about a risk of a market correction at some point, adding that ‘the question is whether this correction will be small or large.’

Patsalides warned that high public debt levels across advanced economies pose another long-term risk. ‘The European Union’s public debt-to-GDP is 88%, supposed to be less than 60%,’ he said, adding that the same applies in the US.

‘This is a risk. I think there are risks on both sides of the Atlantic,’ he said.

Digital euro moving into operational phase

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The Governor also confirmed significant progress in developing the digital euro, which he called a very important project.

He said that last Wednesday, the Governing Council of the ECB approved entering into the second phase of preparations, which entails the operating part of the creation of the digital euro, systems, piloting and planning.

He said the legislative framework could be completed by the end of the Danish EU Presidency, with some elements likely to continue under Cyprus’ term.

Describing the digital euro as ‘a safe asset, a central bank currency in digital form,’ Patsalides said it could also provide a foundation for the creation of other safe currencies and eventually other types of safe digital assets.