Demand for loans from Nigerian households and businesses strengthened in the second quarter of 2026 as banks increased credit availability and recorded a decline in loan defaults across major lending categories, according to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
The development was contained in the apex bank’s latest Credit Conditions Survey, which provides an assessment of lending trends across the banking sector, including credit supply, loan demand, approval rates, interest rate spreads and default levels.
According to the report, banks eased lending conditions for corporate, secured and unsecured loans during the quarter, while the performance of existing loans improved as fewer borrowers defaulted.
The survey also indicated that lenders approved a larger proportion of loan applications compared with the previous quarter, suggesting stronger confidence in borrowers and improving expectations about economic conditions.
Credit availability improves across major loan categories
The CBN reported that credit availability increased across all major lending segments in the second quarter.
Secured lending recorded the strongest improvement, with credit availability rising by 25.2 index points. Corporate lending followed with an increase of 20.4 index points, while unsecured lending recorded a more modest rise of 10.5 index points.
The increase in credit supply was accompanied by stronger demand for loans, particularly from households seeking secured financing and businesses requiring corporate credit.
Demand for secured loans increased to 15.1 index points during the quarter, while demand for corporate loans rose to 15.2 index points.
However, demand for unsecured lending remained relatively weak, recording -1.2 index points.
The CBN said loan demand strengthened across virtually all categories, with the exception of borrowing by other financial corporations, where demand remained broadly unchanged.
Banks approve more loan applications
The improvement in lending conditions was also reflected in loan approval rates.
Banks reported higher approval rates for secured, unsecured and corporate loan applications compared with the first quarter of 2026.
The trend suggests that lenders were more willing to extend credit as economic conditions improved and liquidity conditions became more favourable.
For secured lending, the CBN attributed the expansion in credit supply largely to improving economic conditions, banks’ efforts to increase market share and better liquidity conditions.
The combination of stronger demand and increased credit availability could provide additional support for businesses and households that require financing for investment, working capital and consumption.
Loan defaults decline
One of the more positive developments highlighted by the survey was the decline in default rates across the major lending categories.
Banks reported lower default rates on secured and unsecured loans, while defaults also declined among different categories of corporate borrowers.
The improvement covered small businesses, medium-sized private non-financial corporations, large private non-financial corporations and other financial corporations.
The report said, ‘In Q2 2026, the spread on unsecured lending rates relative to the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) narrowed to 7.8 index points. However, the spreads on secured lending rates to households widened with -4.5 index points.
‘For corporate lending, spreads narrowed for Other Financial Corporations (OFCs), medium PNFCs and large PNFCs, and at 14.0, 5.0 and 4.7 index points, respectively. Conversely, the spread for small businesses widened at -3.8 index points.’
The decline in defaults could indicate an improvement in borrowers’ ability to service their obligations, although the broader lending environment remains challenging due to elevated interest rates and persistent inflationary pressures.
Interest rate spreads narrow
The survey also showed changes in the pricing of bank credit during the quarter, with interest rate spreads narrowing across most lending categories.
The spread on unsecured household lending relative to the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) narrowed to 7.8 index points.
For corporate borrowers, lending spreads narrowed to 14.0 index points for other financial corporations, 5.0 index points for medium-sized private non-financial corporations and 4.7 index points for large private non-financial corporations.
However, not all borrowers benefited from lower spreads.
The interest rate spread for small businesses widened to -3.8 index points, while the spread on secured household lending widened by 4.5 index points relative to the MPR.
These variations suggest that lending conditions continued to differ significantly depending on the type of borrower and the nature of the credit being accessed.
Private sector credit continues to grow
The latest survey comes against the backdrop of rising private-sector credit.
According to the CBN’s money and credit statistics, the Credit to Private Sector recorded a 2.73 per cent growth between May and June 2026, rising from N81.04 trillion to N83.2 trillion.
The increase represents growth of approximately 2.74% month-on-month, indicating continued expansion in bank lending to private-sector operators despite the relatively high interest-rate environment.
Positive outlook
The second-quarter Credit Conditions Survey, according to analysts, points to a gradual improvement in Nigeria’s lending environment, with banks extending more credit, approving a greater proportion of applications and recording fewer defaults.
The rise in corporate and secured loan demand could provide additional support for economic activity if businesses are able to access financing at sustainable costs.
However, elevated interest rates and inflation remain significant constraints. With election-related spending expected to increase in the coming quarters, policymakers are likely to remain focused on balancing economic growth with inflation and financial stability.
It would be recalled that the Monetary Policy Committee of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) at its 306th meeting in July retained interest rates at 26.5 per cent as well as other monetary parameters.
The governor of the Central Bank, Mr. Olayemi Cardoso stated that decision to hold the rates was taken as a result of thorough assessment of Nigeria’s economy and renewed tensions in the middle east.
Explaining the committee’s decision, Cardoso said members considered the balance of risks and concluded that maintaining the current policy stance remained the most appropriate option.
‘The committee’s decision to maintain the current policy stance followed a thorough assessment of the balance of risks. Although headline inflation moderated marginally in June 2026, global uncertainties have heightened due mainly to the renewed hostilities in the Middle East. In view of the evolving developments, maintaining a cautious monetary policy stance remains appropriate,’ he said.
He added that the committee carefully assessed the renewed conflict in the Middle East because of its implications for global energy prices and the possible transmission to domestic inflation.
The CBN governor said, ‘In arriving at its decision, the committee noted the recent resurgence of hostilities in the Middle East, with particular attention to its spillover effects on global energy prices and the potential pass-through to domestic inflation.’
According to him, the Nigerian banking system remains resilient. Cardoso disclosed that 33 of Nigeria’s 37 banks had met the new recapitalisation requirements without an extension of the deadline, describing the exercise as a major achievement.
How Nigerian Banks moved swiftly to contain recent cyber attacks
Nigerian banks recently moved swiftly to contain the effects of a sophisticated global cyber campaign sweeping across sectors and continents, with industry sources assuring the public that the nation’s financial system remains strong, resilient and secure.
The campaign, described by analysts as one of the most coordinated waves of attacks in years, is neither peculiar to Nigeria nor limited to finance.
Organisations in telecommunications, healthcare, government, energy, technology and corporate registries across Europe, Asia, the Americas and Africa have been targeted by the same wave of intrusions, underscoring the borderless nature of modern cybercrime.
The data is stark: CheckPoint, a leading international cybersecurity firm, reports a 115 per cent surge in attacks on the global financial sector last year, with organisations worldwide facing thousands of attempted intrusions weekly.
The current campaign has been linked to threat actors that have struck more than 35 organisations across several countries and sectors.
Despite the onslaught, banking services and digital channels across were kept fully operational and customer deposits safe.
Banks activated their incident response protocols as soon as reports emerged, working closely with regulators, law enforcement and international cybersecurity partners to investigate and strengthen their defences.
Nigerian banks operate some of the most advanced cybersecurity infrastructure on the continent, backed by years of sustained investment in protecting customer information and assets. Experts note that resilience in an era of global cyber warfare lies not in immunity from attack, which no organisation can claim, but in the speed and rigour of response, and on that measure the industry has acted decisively and in full compliance with regulatory requirements.
Stakeholders urged the banking public to remain vigilant. Fraudsters often exploit moments of heightened attention with fake calls, text messages and emails.
Advice to customers
Customers should never divulge personal or banking information, including passwords, PINs, One-Time Passwords (OTPs), card details or Bank Verification Numbers (BVNs), to anyone over the telephone, however convincing the caller sounds; no bank will ever ask for these details.
They should also avoid opening suspicious emails, clicking unfamiliar links or downloading attachments from unknown senders. Anyone who suspects foul play or unusual account activity should contact their bank immediately, and only through its dedicated official channels: verified customer care lines, official websites, mobile applications or branches.
As governments and corporations worldwide race to shore up their digital defences, the message from the Nigerian banking industry is one of calm and confidence: the system is safe, deposits are secure, and the institutions entrusted with the nation’s savings remain watchful and prepared.
FirstBank sponsors SPIN 2026 inaugural sustainability conference
FirstBank has announced its sponsorship of the 2026 SPIN Sustainability Conference, reaffirming its longstanding commitment to sustainable finance, responsible business practices, and stakeholder-driven value creation.
Organised by the Sustainability Professionals Institute of Nigeria (SPIN), the maiden edition of the conference is scheduled to hold on Thursday, 20 August 2026, at Eko Hotel and Suites, Lagos, under the theme ‘The Adaptive Enterprise: Sustainability Strategies for Challenging Times.’
The conference will bring together sustainability professionals, business leaders, policymakers, regulators, financial institutions, academics, development partners, and other key stakeholders to discuss practical approaches for building resilient, adaptive, and future-ready organisations amid increasingly complex economic, environmental, and social challenges.
As a demonstration of its leadership in sustainability and corporate responsibility, Olusegun Alebiosu, the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer of FirstBank, will serve as the Guest Speaker at the conference. The keynote address will be delivered by Aminu Umar Sadiq, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority.
Other distinguished speakers include Biyi Olagbami, Executive Director, Risk Directorate, FirstBank; and Ibrahim Shelleng, Senior Special Assistant to the President on Climate Finance and Stakeholder Engagement.
Commenting on FirstBank’s support for the conference, Mr. Olusegun Alebiosu said: ‘Sustainability is central to our vision of building a resilient institution that creates enduring value for all stakeholders, it underpins long-term economic growth, institutional resilience, and shared prosperity. In an increasingly complex and interconnected world, organisations must create value not only for shareholders but also for society and the environment. We are therefore proud to support SPIN’s inaugural Sustainability Conference as part of our commitment to advancing responsible business practices and fostering meaningful dialogue on sustainable development. Through collaborations such as this, we aim to contribute to shaping a future where innovation, inclusion, and environmental stewardship drive sustainable progress for businesses, communities, and the nation at large.’
As an institutional member of SPIN, FirstBank’s sponsorship of the conference aligns with its broader sustainability agenda, which champions financial inclusion, economic empowerment, and strong corporate governance. The Bank has consistently demonstrated its commitment to sustainability through initiatives that support businesses, communities, and institutions in creating lasting positive impact.
Also speaking on the conference, President of the Sustainability Professionals Institute of Nigeria, Professor Kenneth Amaeshi, said the inaugural conference reflects the institute’s commitment to advancing sustainability beyond compliance and positioning it as a core element of organisational leadership.