Three years after a devastating ginger blight outbreak crippled production, farmers in parts of Kaduna State are once again battling a fungal disease that is destroying their crops and threatening their livelihoods.
Many farmers are spending heavily on chemicals to save their crops from the latest outbreak, with some resorting to premature harvesting to minimise losses.
The farmers told Daily Trust that the disease had become increasingly severe this farming season, making ginger production more expensive, as some growers now have to spray their farms as frequently as once a week.
In 2023, more than 100,000 farmers suffered severe financial setbacks after the blight destroyed between 80 and 90 per cent of their crops, with losses estimated at N12 billion.
The damage was particularly severe in major ginger-producing local government areas of Kaduna State, including Kachia, Kagarko and Jaba, where crop losses reportedly reached 95 per cent.
Farmers share experiences
For Haruna Kago, the signs appeared when he least expected them.
On August 1, the ginger farmer in Kubacha, Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State, noticed dark spots, yellowing leaves, blight and drying tips on his farm.
At first, the problem appeared limited. But within 14 days, the disease had spread across his entire two-hectare farm.
Kago said he had invested about N12 million in the farm and expected a harvest worth approximately N30 million.
He estimated that one hectare had already been lost, while he had spent about N1.2 million on chemicals to contain the disease.
His experience captures a fresh wave of anxiety among ginger farmers barely three years after a devastating disease outbreak crippled production.
Kago told Daily Trust that the first symptoms he noticed were blight, dark spots, yellowing leaves and the death of plant tips.
‘Within 14 days, all the two hectares of the farm were affected,’ he said, adding that the damage was not limited to what could be seen above the ground.
‘I observed maggots in the ginger seed. It stopped sprouting, leading to decay of the ginger rhizomes,’ he said.
With about half of his farm already affected, Kago said he expected to lose approximately N15 million worth of ginger.
But the financial burden does not end there. He said he had already spent about N1.2 million trying to control the disease.
The farmer rated the effectiveness of the treatment at only three out of 10.
He has not yet resorted to premature harvesting, choosing instead to monitor the effect of the latest treatment.
For Kago, the combined value of the destroyed crop and money spent fighting the disease could put his losses at about N17.5 million.
Another affected farmer, Sani Simon, who farms in Kurumusa, Southern Kaduna, said the cost of producing ginger had become unbearable, particularly for farmers cultivating large areas of land.
He said his five-hectare farm required repeated applications of chemicals to control the disease, warning that the situation could result in huge financial losses if the outbreak persisted.
‘Honestly speaking, it will affect me a lot. Farming ginger is not easy. The one we will farm next year, we are preparing it this year,’ Simon said.
He said the financial burden became even more difficult when the disease attacked the crop, as farmers were forced to buy additional chemicals and spray repeatedly.
Another farmer and agrochemical dealer, Monday Jonah, said the disease had become so serious that normal fungicide applications were often insufficient to completely control it.
Jonah, who manages and works with nearly 300 ginger farmers, said growers were spending huge amounts of money on agrochemicals, with the cost varying according to the size of their farms and frequency of application.
He said some farmers cultivating about two hectares could spend between N222,000 and N250,000 on a single application, while repeated spraying every few days could push the cost significantly higher.
Jonah said some specialised fungicides were particularly expensive, with a litre of one of the products selling for between N135,000 and N150,000. He added that availability had also become a challenge.
He warned that the rising cost of inputs could wipe out farmers’ profits if ginger prices fell or yields declined because of the disease.
‘If the ginger is sold at a low price, there will not be profit. When you calculate how many millions are spent on agrochemicals and the ginger does not yield well, there will not be a good return,’ he said.
The farmers also expressed disappointment over what they described as inadequate access to government intervention.
Simon alleged that although government authorities were previously aware of the challenges facing ginger farmers and assistance had reportedly been provided, many farmers at the grassroots did not benefit.
He appealed to government agencies and other stakeholders to visit farming communities directly, assess the extent of the problem and provide assistance to genuine farmers.
‘We are pleading with the government to come directly to the grassroots and take the records so they can assist us. Without that, honestly speaking, we will be in a mess,’ he said.
He said ginger remained the major source of income for many families, including graduates who had turned to farming because of the difficulty of securing formal employment.
According to him, the impact of the disease went beyond farming, as families dependent on ginger sales were struggling to pay school fees, complete building projects and repay loans.
He disclosed that he personally obtained a N3 million loan to invest in ginger production during an earlier crisis but was only able to repay about N1 million after suffering losses.
Jonah, who also farms in areas including Jaba and Kafanchan, said he had records of hundreds of farmers under his supervision and was willing to provide government authorities with information that could help identify genuine ginger farmers and target assistance appropriately.
The farmers warned that without intervention, continued disease attacks and rising production costs could discourage growers from planting ginger, threaten household incomes and worsen food production challenges in the affected communities.
‘We fear ginger may disappear’
In Jema’a Local Government Area, Alhaji Ibrahim Koli has a similar but more painful story.
Koli told Daily Trust that he lost more than N30 million from his farm despite repeatedly applying chemicals and insecticides.
What troubles him most, he said, was that the problem had continued to reappear on his farms year after year.
‘My fear is that if caution and precautions are not taken, the ginger species will become extinct from Southern Kaduna, the region that produces the largest amount of ginger, both in quality and quantity, in the country,’ he said.
Koli said he had tried recycling ginger seeds from one farm to another and had also purchased different planting materials, but the disease continued to affect his farms.
His losses have also forced him to make difficult decisions.
Between July and August, he said, he harvested some ginger prematurely and sold it for about N100,000 per bag, despite having spent about N600,000 to produce each bag.
‘This is a total loss as you can see,’ he said.
Koli believes changing climatic conditions may be contributing to the problem, although this remains his assessment and not an established scientific finding.
‘I believe this has to do with climate change because I used a very active insecticide, Caprodew, which is sold at N150,000 per litre, but it did not work,’ he said.
He also said he lost more than N33 million to the disease on his farm last year.
‘I wrote to the government and Kaduna SEMA, but nothing yet has happened. We are appealing to the government to come to our aid with different kinds of interventions,’ he said.
With his ginger continuing to die, Koli said he had started planting beans on the farm.
FG’s intervention
The Minister of Agriculture and Food Security, Senator Abubakar Kyari, said the Federal Government had established a four-committee task force to combat the ginger blight crisis.
According to Kyari, the Technical and Research Committee would study the disease and develop control measures to prevent future outbreaks.
The Emergency and Recovery Committee would support farmers affected by the failed season through comprehensive assessments and targeted relief, while the Capacity and Productivity Committee would provide farmers with training, quality seeds and proven methods for combating the fungus and promoting good agronomic practices.
Kyari also said a N1.6 billion recovery programme for affected farmers, using the National Agriculture Development Fund (NADFund), had been launched as part of efforts to address the crisis.
Despite the Federal Government’s intervention, many farmers who spoke with Daily Trust said they were still waiting for assistance, which they said had yet to reach them.