Coal is regaining importance as an alternative fuel across Asia as countries respond to oil supply disruptions linked to tensions in the Middle East and restrictions on shipping through the Strait of Hormuz.
According to industry executives, China has signifi cantly increased coal stockpiling while also expanding coalto-chemicals production to reduce dependence on imported crude oil.
The shift reflects growing concerns over energy security and volatile oil markets.
Rising demand is also supporting global coal trade and dry bulk shipping activity.
Shipping industry offi cials warn that higher fuel costs and longer shipping routes, driven by security risks in the Red Sea and Gulf region, are pushing up freight rates for coal and other bulk commodities