Elephantiasis, medically known as lymphatic filariasis, is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease damages the lymphatic system and can cause severe swelling of the legs, arms, breasts or genitals, leading to permanent disability if left untreated.
Although elephantiasis is preventable, it remains a public health concern in several countries where mosquitoes transmit the parasites responsible for the infection.
In this article, Tribune Online highlights five important things to know about elephantiasis.
It is caused by parasitic worms spread through mosquito bites
Elephantiasis is caused by microscopic parasitic worms that are transmitted from one person to another through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The parasites enter the body’s lymphatic system, where they can live for years and gradually damage the vessels responsible for draining excess fluid.
People living in areas where the disease is common are at greater risk because repeated mosquito bites over time increase the chance of infection.
Symptoms may take years to appear
Many people infected with the parasites do not develop symptoms immediately. In fact, the infection may remain unnoticed for years while quietly damaging the lymphatic system.
When symptoms develop, they may include severe swelling of the legs, arms, breasts or genitals, thickening of the skin and repeated bacterial infections. Men may also develop hydrocele, a condition that causes swelling of the scrotum.
It can lead to lifelong disability
If elephantiasis is not properly managed, the swelling can become permanent. The enlarged limbs and thickened skin can make walking, working and carrying out daily activities difficult.
Beyond the physical effects, many people living with elephantiasis experience social stigma, emotional distress and financial hardship because the condition may affect their ability to earn a living.
The disease is preventable
The best way to prevent elephantiasis is to avoid mosquito bites in areas where the disease occurs. Sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, using insect repellents, wearing long-sleeved clothing at night and eliminating stagnant water around homes can reduce the risk of infection.
Early treatment and proper care can improve quality of life
Medicines can kill the parasites in the early stages of infection and help prevent further transmission. However, once permanent swelling develops, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing repeated infections and improving mobility.
Regular washing of affected limbs with soap and clean water, proper skin care, exercise and prompt treatment of bacterial infections can help reduce complications and improve quality of life.