Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition in which you have frequent unwanted thoughts and sensations (obsessions) that cause you to perform repetitive behaviors (compulsions). The repetitive behaviors can significantly interfere with social interactions and daily activities.
Everyone experiences obsessions and compulsions at a certain point in time. We occasionally double-check if the gas cylinder or stove is off, we check if our doors are locked over and over, and we keep cleaning the surfaces of chairs, tables, and so on.
But if all these become extreme, then it’s no longer considered to be normal but a sign of OCD.
Symptoms of OCD
Fear of making mistakes
Need for neatness and perfection
Fear of gems, dirt, or contamination
Need for constant reassurance
Arranging things in a specific way
Bathing, cleaning, and washing your hands over and over.
Repeatedly checking things, such as locks, doors.
Fear of losing control or making mistakes.
Causes
The exact cause of OCD is not fully known, but some factors are believed to contribute to its development, including:
1. Genetics
People who have relatives with OCD are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
2. Environment
Stressful life events or trauma can trigger OCD
3. Biological factors
Hypersensitivity in certain brain areas and neurotransmitter imbalances.
Treatment
Patients with OCD who receive appropriate treatment usually experience improvement in OCD symptoms as well as increased quality of life and improved functioning.
1. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
A type of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) known as exposure and response (ritual) prevention (ERP) is the first-line therapy for OCD.
2. Medication
A class of medications known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is the other first-line treatment for OCD. Examples are fluoxetine, sertraline, etc.
3. Combination Therapy
The use of Cognitive behaviour therapy and medication.