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Today marks the 65th anniversary of our great nation’s Independence. As we reflect on the significance of this day and our journey of nationhood since October 1, 1960, when our founding fathers accepted the instruments of self-government from colonial rule, let us remember their sacrifice, devotion, and grand dream of a strong, prosperous, and united Nigeria that will lead Africa and be the beacon of light to the rest of the world.

Our founding heroes and heroines-Herbert Macaulay, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Margaret Ekpo, Anthony Enahoro, Ladoke Akintola, Michael Okpara, Aminu Kano, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, and other nationalists-believed it was Nigeria’s manifest destiny to lead the entire black race as the largest black nation on earth.

For decades, the promise of our Independence has been tested by profound social, economic, and political challenges, and we have survived. While we may not have achieved all the lofty dreams of our forebearers, we have not strayed too far from them. In 65 years since our Independence, we have made tremendous progress in economic growth, social cohesion, and physical development. Our economy has experienced significant growth since 1960.

Although, it is much easier for those whose vocation is to focus solely on what ought to be, we must recognise and celebrate our significant progress. Nigerians today have access to better education and healthcare than in 1960. At Independence, Nigeria had 120 secondary schools with a student population of about 130,000. Available data indicate that, as of year 2024, there were more than 23,000 secondary schools in our country. At Independence, we had only the University of Ibadan and Yaba College of Technology as the two tertiary institutions in Nigeria. By the end of last year, there were 274 universities, 183 Polytechnics, and 236 Colleges of Education in Nigeria, comprising Federal, State, and private institutions. We have experienced a significant surge in growth across every sector of our national life since Independence – in healthcare, infrastructure, financial services, manufacturing, telecommunications, information technology, aviation and defence, among others.

Our country has experienced both the good and the bad times in its 65 years of nationhood, as is normal for every nation and its people. We fought a bitter and avoidable civil war, experienced military dictatorships, and lived through major political crises. In all these, we weathered every storm and overcame every challenge with courage, grit, and uncommon determination. While our system and ties that bind us are sometimes stretched by insidious forces opposed to our values and ways of life, we continue to strive to build a more perfect union where every Nigerian can find better accommodation and find purpose and fulfilment.

Fellow Compatriots, this is the third time I will address you on our independence anniversary since I assumed office as your President on May 29, 2023. In the last 28 months of my administration, like our founding fathers and leaders who came before me, I have committed myself irrevocably to the unfinished nation-building business.

Upon assuming office, our administration inherited a near-collapsed economy caused by decades of fiscal policy distortions and misalignment that had impaired real growth. As a new administration, we faced a simple choice: continue business as usual and watch our nation drift, or embark on a courageous, fundamental reform path. We chose the path of reform. We chose the path of tomorrow over the comfort of today. Less than three years later, the seeds of those difficult but necessary decisions are bearing fruit.

In resetting our country for sustainable growth, we ended the corrupt fuel subsidies and multiple foreign exchange rates that created massive incentives for a rentier economy, benefiting only a tiny minority. At the same time, the masses received little or nothing from our Commonwealth. Our administration has redirected the economy towards a more inclusive path, channelling money to fund education, healthcare, national security, agriculture, and critical economic infrastructure, such as roads, power, broadband, and social investment programmes. These initiatives will generally improve Nigerians’ quality of life. As a result of the tough decisions we made, the Federal and State governments, including Local Governments, now have more resources to take care of the people at the lower level of the ladder, to address our development challenges.

Fellow Nigerians, we are racing against time. We must build the roads we need, repair the ones that have become decrepit, and construct the schools our children will attend and the hospitals that will care for our people. We have to plan for the generations that will come after us. We do not have enough electricity to power our industries and homes today, or the resources to repair our deteriorating roads, build seaports, railroads, and international airports comparable to the best in the world, because we failed to make the necessary investments decades ago. Our administration is setting things right.

I am pleased to report that we have finally turned the corner. The worst is over, I say. Yesterday’s pains are giving way to relief. I salute your endurance, support, and understanding. I will continue to work for you and justify the confidence you reposed in me to steer the ship of our nation to a safe harbour.

Under our leadership, our economy is recovering fast, and the reforms we started over two years ago are delivering tangible results. The second quarter 2025 Gross Domestic Product grew by 4.23%-Nigeria’s fastest pace in four years-and outpaced the 3.4 per cent projected by the International Monetary Fund. Inflation declined to 20.12% in August 2025, the lowest level in three years. The administration is working diligently to boost agricultural production and ensure food security, reducing food costs.

In the last two years of our administration, we have achieved 12 remarkable economic milestones as a result of the implementation of our sound fiscal and monetary policies:

We have attained a record-breaking increase in non-oil revenue, achieving the 2025 target by August with over N20 trillion. In September 2025 alone, we raised N3.65 trillion, 411% higher than the amount raised in May 2023.

We have restored Fiscal Health: Our debt service-to-revenue ratio has been significantly reduced from 97% to below 50%. We have paid down the infamous ‘Ways and Means’ advances that threatened our economic stability and triggered inflation. Following the removal of the corrupt petroleum subsidy, we have freed up trillions of Naira for targeted investment in the real economy and social programmes for the most vulnerable, as well as all tiers of government.

We have a stronger foreign Reserve position than three years ago. Our external reserves increased to $42.03 billion this September-the highest since 2019.

Our tax-to-GDP ratio has risen to 13.5 per cent from less than 10 per cent. The ratio is expected to increase further when the new tax law takes effect in January. The tax law is not about increasing the burden on existing taxpayers but about expanding the base to build the Nigeria we deserve and providing tax relief to low-income earners.

We are now a Net Exporter: Nigeria has recorded a trade surplus for five consecutive quarters. We are now selling more to the world than we are buying, a fundamental shift that strengthens our currency and creates jobs at home. Nigeria’s trade surplus increased by 44.3% in Q2 2025 to ?7.46 trillion ($4.74 billion), the largest in about three years. Goods manufactured in Nigeria and exported jumped by 173%. Non-oil exports, as a component of our export trade, now represent 48 per cent, compared to oil exports, which account for 52 per cent. This signals that we are diversifying our economy and foreign exchange sources outside oil and gas.

Oil production rebounded to 1.68 million barrels per day from barely one million in May 2023. The increase occurred due to improved security, new investments, and better stakeholder management in the Niger Delta. Furthermore, the country has made notable advancements by refining PMS domestically for the first time in four decades. It has also established itself as the continent’s leading exporter of aviation fuel.

The Naira has stabilised from the turbulence and volatility witnessed in 2023 and 2024. The gap between the official rate and the unofficial market has reduced substantially, following FX reforms and fresh capital and remittance inflows. The multiple exchange rates, which fostered corruption and arbitrage, are now part of history. Additionally, our currency rate against the dollar is no longer determined by fluctuations in crude oil prices.

Under the social investment programme to support poor households and vulnerable Nigerians, N330 billion has been disbursed to eight million households, many of whom have received either one or two out of the three tranches of the N25,000 each.

Coal mining recovered dramatically from a 22% decline in Q1 to 57.5% growth in Q2, becoming one of Nigeria’s fastest-growing sectors. The solid mineral sector is now pivotal in our economy, encouraging value-added production of minerals extracted from our soil.

The administration is expanding transport infrastructure across the country, covering rail, roads, airports, and seaports. Rail and water transport grew by over 40% and 27%, respectively. The 284-kilometre Kano-Kastina-Maradi Standard Gauge rail project and the Kaduna-Kano rail line are nearing completion. Work is progressing well on the legacy Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway and Sokoto-Badagry Highway. The Federal Executive Council recently approved $3 billion to complete the Eastern Rail Project.

The world is taking notice of our efforts. Sovereign credit rating agencies have upgraded their outlook for Nigeria, recognising our improved economic fundamentals. Our stock market is experiencing an unprecedented boom, rising from an all-share index of 55,000 points in May 2003 to 142,000 points as of September 26, 2025.

At its last MPC meeting, the Central Bank slashed interest rates for the first time in five years, expressing confidence in our country’s macroeconomic stability.

SECURITY:

We are working diligently to enhance national security, ensuring our economy experiences improved growth and performance. The officers and men of our armed forces and other security agencies are working tirelessly and making significant sacrifices to keep us safe. They are winning the war against terrorism, banditry and other violent crimes. We see their victories in their blood and sweat to stamp out Boko Haram Terror in North-East, IPOB/ESN terror in South East and banditry and kidnapping. We must continue to celebrate their gallantry and salute their courage on behalf of a grateful nation. Peace has returned to hundreds of our liberated communities in North-West and North-East, and thousands of our people have returned safely to their homes.

YOUTH:

I have a message for our young people. You are the future and the greatest assets of this blessed country. You must continue to dream big, innovate, and conquer more territories in your various fields of science, technology, sports, and the art and creative sector. Our administration, through policies and funding, will continue to give you wings to fly sky-high. We created NELFUND to support students with loans for their educational pursuits. Approximately 510,000 students across 36 states and the FCT have benefited from this initiative, covering 228 higher institutions. As of September 10, the total loan disbursed was N99.5 billion, while the upkeep allowance stood at N44.7 billion.

Credicorp, another initiative of our administration, has granted 153,000 Nigerians N30 billion affordable loans for vehicles, solar energy, home upgrades, digital devices, and more.

YouthCred, which I promised last June, is a reality, with tens of thousands of NYSC members now active beneficiaries of consumer credit for resettlement.

Under our Renewed Hope Agenda, we promised to build a Nigeria where every young person, regardless of background, has an equitable opportunity to access a better future-thus, the Investment in Digital and Creative Enterprises (iDICE) programme. The Bank of Industry is driving the programme, in collaboration with the African Development Bank, the French Development Agency, and the Islamic Development Bank. This initiative is at the cusp of implementation. Over the last two years, we have collaborated with our partners to launch the programme, supporting our young builders and dreamers in the technology and creative sectors.

A MESSAGE OF HOPE

Fellow Nigerians, I have always candidly acknowledged that these reforms have come with some temporary pains. The biting effects of inflation and the rising cost of living remain a significant concern to our government. However, the alternative of allowing our country to descend into economic chaos or bankruptcy was not an option. Our macro-economic progress has proven that our sacrifices have not been in vain. Together, we are laying a new foundation cast in concrete, not on quicksand.

The accurate measure of our success will not be limited to economic statistics alone, but rather in the food on our families’ tables, the quality of education our children receive, the electricity in our homes, and the security in our communities. Let me assure you of our administration’s determination to ensure that the resources we have saved and the stability we have built are channelled into these critical areas. Today, the governors at the state level, and the local government autonomy are yielding more developments.

Therefore, on this 65th Anniversary of Our Independence, my message is hope and a call to action. The federal government will continue to do its part to fix the plumbing in our economy. Now, we must all turn on the taps of productivity, innovation, and enterprise, just like the Ministry of Interior has done with our travel passports, by quickening the processing. In this regard, I urge the sub-national entities to join us in nation-building. Let us be a nation of producers, not just consumers. Let us farm our land and build factories to process our produce. Let us patronise ‘Made-in-Nigeria’ goods. I say Nigeria first. Let us pay our taxes.

Finally, let all hands be on deck. Let us believe, once more, in the boundless potential of our great nation.

With Almighty God on our side, I can assure you that the dawn of a new, prosperous, self-reliant Nigeria is here.

Happy 65th Independence Anniversary, and may God continue to bless the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Amen.

Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR

President and Commander-In-Chief of the Armed Forces

of the Federal Republic of Nigeria,

Presidential Villa,

Abuja.

Uba Sani, the executive Governor of Kaduna state has called all Nigerians to work together, across communities, faiths, and backgrounds so as to confront the challengesand unlock the collective potentials, describing the 65th Democracy Day celebration as a history day. Adding that, It is in unity that Nigerians will continue to give life to the dream of a peaceful, just, and prosperous Nigeria.

Governor Uba Sani who made the call today Wednesday, /1/10/2025 while addressing the good people of kaduna state stated that, in Kaduna State, they are translating vision into action as the administration is pursuing inclusive development and renewal through strategic and peoples centred investments especially in the areas of Infrastructure and Economic Connectivity, Rural Transformation Agricultural Revival, Human Capital Development and Health Care, Agriculture as well as Food Security, Peace Building, with Justice, Equity and inclusion.

The Governor stressed that his administration prioritised infrastructure as the engine of development haven launched 85 urban and rural road projects, covering 785 kilometres across the state, nearly half of them completed, facilitating trade, reducing travel time, and improving access to markets for farmers and entrepreneurs alike with rebuilding urban roads, bridges, and essential public utilities to stimulate investment and elevate living conditions.

Uba Sani emphasized that Rural Revitalisation Agenda is reawakening the economic potential of previously marginalised communities with reopening of key markets such as the Birnin Gwari Livestock Market and the Kidandan Market in Giwa, a resurgence of local commerce and a renewed sense of community confidence, more than 500,000 hectares of abandoned farmland have been reclaimed, equipping the farmers to produce more while enhancing food security across the state.

‘ Education and health are not luxuries – they are the pillars of our future. We are executing a comprehensive reform of our educational system to ensure that every child, regardless of background, has access to quality learning. This includes infrastructure upgrades, teacher training, and the integration of digital tools. Through the Reaching Out-of-School Children Project, we have successfully returned over 10,728 children to the classroom. Moreover, we have reopened 535 schools previously shut due to insecurity, reaffirming our belief that education is a right, not a privilege’. He added He added that, ‘ In healthcare, we have turned promises into action. We have upgraded 255 Primary Health Care Centres across the state, bringing vital services closer to rural communities. These efforts are supported by our investments in three world-class vocational institutes, which are empowering our youth and women with marketable skills to thrive in an evolving economy. Agriculture and Food Security: Recognising the strategic importance of agriculture, we have allocated over 10% of the 2025 budget to the sector – the highest in recent years. This demonstrates our commitment to empowering smallholder farmers, promoting climate-smart practices, and strengthening the agricultural value chain to ensure long-term food security and economic growth’ ‘.

He said, ‘ We understand that meaningful development is impossible without peace. This is why we have deepened our investment in community security, reconciliation, and dialogue. We are expanding community policing initiatives, strengthening collaboration with security agencies, and supporting victims of conflict. Through these efforts, we are rebuilding trust across diverse communities and reaffirming our collective commitment to peaceful coexistence. Justice, equity, and inclusion are the cornerstones of our governance approach. We are building a Kaduna State where policy is driven by fairness, leadership is guided by empathy, and every community, no matter how remote, has a voice in shaping our shared future ‘.

Sani who expressed determination to build a Kaduna that is safe, strong, and inclusive detailed that the path ahead requires greater cooperation between government and the people. Adding that Development is a shared responsibility as such every citizen should contribute through acts of peace, through civic participation, and through unwavering belief in the promise of our state and nation. ‘Nigeria’s future remains bright, and Kaduna’s role in that future is significant. Under His Excellency,

President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s Renewed Hope Agenda, the nation is undergoing bold reforms to secure peace, restore prosperity, and strengthen democratic governance. Kaduna stands fully in support of this vision. As we celebrate today, let us renew our commitment to building a nation where hope thrives and unity endures. With God’s guidance and our collective resolve, we will overcome our challenges and realise the full potential of our state and country ‘ he stated.

Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals has unveiled a business-to-business e-commerce platform and supply chain tool aimed at cutting costs and reducing inefficiencies in Nigeria’s healthcare sector, as the company bets on digital transformation to improve access to medicines across Africa.

Launched on the country’s 65th Independence anniversary, the Arrowhead B2B e-commerce platform moves pharmaceutical procurement online, enabling hospitals, pharmacies, and health organizations to browse contract-specific catalogs, monitor real-time inventory, and place secure bulk orders.

The company says digitising these processes will help providers lower administrative costs and focus more on patient care.

‘Nigeria’s Independence Day is not only a celebration of our history, but a reminder of our ability to shape the future,’ Gerald Damasus, Arrowhead’s co-founder and chief operating officer, said at the launch in Lagos.

‘We are building a healthcare system that is independent of inefficiency, fragmentation, and barriers to access.’

The company also introduced Scepter360 Pharma, a logistics and data-driven platform designed to improve drug availability. Arrowhead projects it could deliver up to 50% savings in procurement costs while cutting medicine stockouts by 80%, helping health providers avoid shortages that frequently disrupt treatment.

The rollout marks the first phase of the broader Scepter360 Suite, which will eventually integrate patient records, telemedicine, pharmacy inventory, workforce management, and public health reporting.

Unlike conventional systems built for developed markets, Arrowhead says its solutions are tailored to Africa’s realities, including patchy internet connectivity, constrained budgets, and rising demand for care.

Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, struggles with uneven access to medicines and a fragmented supply chain that drives up costs for hospitals and patients.

Digital health adoption has been slow, but rising investment in e-health platforms suggests growing recognition of their role in addressing systemic gaps.

Arrowhead said its platforms are now open for healthcare providers across the country, with plans to scale regionally as it targets Africa’s $50 billion pharmaceutical market.

ýTo mark Nigeria’s 65th Independence anniversary, Ademola Adeleke the governor of Osun State has granted amnesty to 36 convicts currently serving sentences at the Nigerian Correctional Service facilities in Ilesa and Ile-Ife.

ýThe gesture, according to a statement by Mallam Olawale Rasheed, the governor’s spokesperson, was made in line with the powers conferred on the Governor under Section 212 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999 as amended), follows the recommendations of the State Advisory Council on Prerogative of Mercy.

ýAdeleke, in a proclamation issued under his hand and the Public Seal of Osun State, dated September 24, 2025, declared that: ý’WHEREAS, the Governor of Osun State of Nigeria has granted amnesty to the convicted persons listed and attached hereto, who are subject to the jurisdiction of Osun State; NOW KNOW YE THAT I, Senator (Dr.) Ademola Jackson Nurudeen Adeleke, the Governor of Osun State of Nigeria, in exercise of the powers conferred upon me by Paragraph (a) Subsection (1) of Section 212 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), and acting in accordance with the Advisory Council of State designated under Subsection (2) of the said Section, am graciously pleased to extend my mercy to the said thirty-six (36) convicts.

ýý’By this act, I remit and release unto them all pains, penalties, and punishments whatsoever that may have accrued from their convictions, and I hereby require all to whom it may concern to take due notice thereof. AND FOR SO DOING, this shall be a sufficient warrant. Given under my hand and the Public Seal of Osun State, Nigeria, this 24th day of September, 2025.’

ýOlawale further revealed that the beneficiaries include men and women convicted mostly of minor offences such as stealing and conspiracy, many of whom had served substantial portions of their sentences. ýFrom the Ilesa facility, those pardoned include Kehinde Ganiyu, Isiaka Mohammed, Oluwatosin Femi, Adebisi Adeniyi, Rotimi Paul, Oyewole Sunday, Ojo Adewale, Tajudeen Ridwan, and Jokotola Quadri, Akinola Taofeek, Onibukun Adebisi, Azeez Afeez, Abdulgafar Quadri, Udoh Monday O., Babawale Saheed, Olasunkanmi Wasiu, Adetoro Toheeb, Mudashiru Lawal, and Ismaila Wahab, as well as Yinka Oyeniyi, Olaniyan Taofeek, Sheu Mumini, Ololade Bashit, Musibau Abdulkareem, Jamiu Sulaeeb, Jeremiah Ayuba, Abimbola Samad, Oladeji Tosin, and Mathew Samuel.

ýFrom the Ile-Ife centre, the amnesty covers Yusuf Ola, Oyedeji Sunday, Ojo Olaoluwa, Ogunola Rafiu, Ayomide Amos, Usman Adefisan, and Adedigba Abiodun.

ýThe governor emphasised that the decision reflects the spirit of compassion, justice, and renewal which Nigeria’s Independence Day represents.ý

ýHe added, ‘As a government of the people, we remain committed to upholding justice while extending mercy to deserving citizens. This amnesty is not only a gesture of freedom but also a call for true rehabilitation, reintegration, and a fresh start for these individuals.’

Social media has become deeply involved in debates and disagreements surrounding the imbroglio between PENGASSAN and the Dangote Refinery. While some support PENGASSAN, citing the right to free association and assembly, others argue for the refinery’s economic contributions.

Until PENGASSAN’s threat and directive to its members in seven firms to withhold essential feedstock from the refinery.

People now reference Abacha’s proscription of PENGASSAN on 18 August 1994. They also mention laws they suggest the president utilise to resolve the conflict.

The Nigerian Trade Disputes (Essential Services) Act of 1976 grants the President power to proscribe trade unions or associations in essential services that engage in disruptive activities or fail to follow dispute settlement procedures. Key provisions include the power to refer disputes to an Industrial Arbitration Panel, penalties for disrupting the economy, restrictions on forming new unions after a proscription, and the forfeiture of property and cancellation of registration for proscribed unions. Officials of proscribed unions face permanent barring from leadership positions.

Key Provisions:

Power to Proscribe Unions: The President can order the proscription (dissolution) of any trade union or association whose members work in an essential service if they are involved in industrial unrest or actions that disrupt such services.

Referral to Industrial Arbitration Panel: The Act permits the special referral of trade disputes in essential services to an Industrial Arbitration Panel for resolution.

Penalties for Disruptive Acts: There are penalties for acts calculated to disrupt the economy or the smooth functioning of essential services.

Restrictions on Proscribed Organisations:

Property Forfeiture: Proscribed unions forfeit their property to the Federal Government.

Loss of Legal Status: The proscribed organisation ceases to exist.

Formation Restrictions: Members are prohibited from forming or joining another union for a period of at least six months.

Official Disqualification: Officials of a proscribed union are barred from holding leadership positions in any other union in an essential service.

Property Registration: The Act includes provisions for the registration of property and indemnity related to these disputes.

Detention: Individuals involved in acts prejudicial to industrial peace after a union’s proscription may face indefinite detention.

Comrade Festus Osifo, national president of PENGASSAN

Ramifications and implications of the PENGASSAN versus Dangote Refinery conflict

The dispute between the Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (PENGASSAN) and the Dangote Petroleum Refinery has escalated into a major crisis with immediate nationwide consequences. The federal government has stepped in to mediate, aiming to prevent severe economic disruption and energy shortages.

PENGASSAN’s Position

a. Dismissal of over 800 workers for joining the union, violating constitutional rights to freedom of association.

b. Accuses the refinery of replacing Nigerian workers with foreigners and providing poor working conditions.

c. Nationwide strike; directive to cut off crude oil and gas supplies to the refinery.

Dangote Refinery’s Position

a. A ‘minimal number’ of staff were let go during an internal reorganisation to improve safety and efficiency, denying that it was due to union membership.

b. Union’s actions are ‘lawless,’ ‘economic sabotage,’ and ‘terror tactics’.

c. Accuses PENGASSAN of a history of sabotaging national projects and serving the interests of its leaders over Nigerian workers.

Immediate National Implications

The strike actions have moved beyond the refinery’s gates and are now affecting the broader Nigerian economy and populace.

Operational Shutdown: The Dangote Refinery has reportedly been ‘100 per cent shut down,’ and operations at its fertiliser plant have also been significantly halted. The union has also directed its members across all oil and gas installations to go on strike.

Threats to Fuel and Power Supply:

Fuel Crisis: The disruption risks a return of fuel scarcity. The refinery has been supplying an estimated 17 million litres of fuel daily to the Nigerian market; cutting this supply could spark a 32% shortage and drive up prices.

Electricity Instability: The Nigerian Independent System Operator (NISO) has warned that the dispute poses a serious risk to the national grid. As the grid relies heavily on gas-fired power plants, any sustained disruption to gas supply could lead to widespread blackouts.

Severe Economic Loss: Nigeria risks a daily loss of $110.8 million in crude oil export revenue and an estimated N14.7 billion in domestic losses, exacerbating existing economic pressures.

Alhaji Aliko Dangote, founder and CEO, Dangote Refinery

Government Intervention and Legal Context

The federal government is taking urgent action to mediate the dispute and prevent a national emergency.

High-Level Mediation: The Minister of Finance, Wale Edun, chaired a meeting of a steering committee to address the issue, reaffirming the government’s commitment to the naira-for-crude policy and energy security. Separately, the Minister of Labour, Muhammad Dingyadi, has appealed to PENGASSAN to suspend the strike and has called for a conciliation meeting with both parties.

Broader Labour Movement Stance: The Trade Union Congress (TUC), an apex labour centre to which PENGASSAN is affiliated, has condemned the refinery’s actions. The TUC has demanded the immediate reinstatement of the workers and has placed its affiliates on ‘red alert,’ signalling readiness for a wider industrial action if its demands are ignored.

Legal Perspectives: A public interest lawyer analysed that while the dismissal of workers for joining a union ‘falls short of the provided constitutional safeguards,’ PENGASSAN’s directive to cut off supplies might itself be unlawful as it affects ‘essential services,’ which requires a 15-day notice for industrial action.

What to Watch For

The situation remains fluid. The key developments that will determine the outcome are:

The result of the conciliation meeting called by the Minister of Labour.

Whether PENGASSAN will heed the government’s appeal to suspend the strike to allow for dialogue.

Whether Dangote Refinery shows flexibility regarding the reinstatement of the dismissed workers.

Deeper Dive: The Legal and Constitutional Tension

The conflict lies at the intersection of constitutional rights, labour laws, and national economic security, creating a complex legal landscape.

The Core Legal Violation: PENGASSAN’s main argument is that dismissing workers for unionising violates Section 40 of the Nigerian Constitution (1999, as amended), which guarantees the right to freedom of association and assembly. Additionally, it breaches Sections 9(1) and 12(1) of the Trade Unions Act, which safeguard workers from victimisation for joining a union.

PENGASSAN’s ‘Nuclear Option’ – A Legal Grey Area: While Dangote Refinery labels the directive to cut off crude supply as ‘economic sabotage,’

PENGASSAN’s action is a classic, if extreme, form of sympathy or solidarity strike. The legality of this is murky:

Against PENGASSAN: The refinery could be classified as an ‘essential service,’ and the Trade Disputes Act requires a 15-day notice before industrial action in such sectors. By acting immediately, PENGASSAN may have technically acted outside the strict letter of the law.

For PENGASSAN: Unions argue that the right to strike is a fundamental corollary to the right to associate. By allegedly engaging in mass anti-union dismissals, Dangote Refinery is perceived as having provoked an unprecedented situation that demands an equally unprecedented response, justifying immediate and widespread action to protect the very existence of union representation within the critical refinery.

The legal battle, if it proceeds to the National Industrial Court, will likely centre on balancing the company’s operational prerogatives against the fundamental rights of workers to organise.

A Pivotal Moment for Nigerian Industry

The PENGASSAN vs. Dangote dispute is more than just a labour disagreement. It serves as a crucial test case for Nigeria’s goal to shift from a crude oil exporter to a refined products powerhouse.

The resolution will set a critical precedent on several fronts:

1. The Power of Labour: It will define the limits of union influence in the ‘new’ Nigerian oil industry, which is controlled by private entities such as Dangote.

2. Investor Confidence: The balance between protecting workers and ensuring operational stability will be a key factor for future investments, both foreign and domestic.

3. Governance: It assesses the government’s capacity to mediate complex disputes without resorting to heavy-handed force that might escalate tensions.

The central conflict is between the ‘right to manage’ claimed by a private enterprise and the ‘right to organise’ claimed by labour. How this conflict is resolved will influence every major industrial project in Nigeria for years to come.

As the nation celebrates 65 years of independence, Umaru Fintiri, the governor of Adamawa State, has announced the state’s economic turnaround, saying its Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) rose from ?6.2 billion in 2019 to ?16.2 billion in 2025, giving credit to fiscal discipline, digital reforms, and improved transparency.

The governor pointed out that independence becomes tangible when good governance is translated into real development.

Delivering his address, he urged citizens to reflect on the nation’s journey while recommitting to the ideals of justice, unity, and development.

He further reminded citizens that while Nigeria has endured decades of challenges from civil war to dictatorship, poverty, and insecurity the true measure of independence lies not in survival, but in progress.

‘Survival is not success,’ the Governor said. ‘Independence without progress is only a symbol. Real freedom is measured by how it transforms everyday lives.’

He emphasised that in Adamawa State, his administration has sought to translate that belief into tangible action. From educational reforms to healthcare revitalisation, from improved infrastructure to job creation, Fintiri detailed a range of initiatives aimed at improving quality of life for residents across the state.

Fintri announced the ongoing recruitment of 12,000 qualified candidates into the Adamawa State Civil Service, including 5,000 in MDAs, 5,000 in Post-Primary Education, and 2,000 in the Health Sector as part of dividends of democracy. ‘This is not just a job drive it is an investment in efficiency, public service, and the future of our youth,’ he stated.

In a direct appeal to the youth, the governor encouraged them to take ownership of the country’s future, declaring, ‘Your time is not coming your time is here.’ He urged young people to channel their energy into building bridges rather than walls, and to let their actions speak louder than their posts on social media.

Fintiri also underscored the importance of unity, especially in a diverse state like Adamawa, where multiple cultures, languages, and faiths coexist.

‘That diversity must never be our weakness it must be our strength,’ he affirmed. ‘A divided Adamawa like a divided Nigeria cannot stand.’

He called for every Nigerian to contribute to building a nation where ‘no one is left behind and nothing is left untouched,’ affirming that true independence must be seen and felt in the lives of everyday people

Earlier,James Iliya, Commissioner of information in his speech states that with the theme of this year’s independence celebration ‘ All Hands-on Deck for a Greater Nation’, is both a reminder and a call to action.

Iliya further pointed out that building a great nation is not the work of one person or one group but a collective effort, stressing that patience and teamwork solve even the hardest problems.

He also commended the government for ensuring that information flows freely, citizens are heard and development reaches every community, investing in education to prepare youths for the future.

Nigeria is facing a silent but significant workplace crisis: employee disengagement. Recent data compiled from 2022 to 2024 reveals that only 17 percent of Nigerian workers are truly committed to their jobs. The remaining 83 percent are either not engaged, putting in time but lacking energy and passion, or actively disengaged, working in ways that may even undermine their organisations.

This troubling trend mirrors a global pattern. According to Gallup’s latest workplace report, global employee engagement dropped to 21 percent, while the United States, often considered a benchmark, recorded just 31 percent engagement, with 17 percent actively disengaged. These figures highlight a widespread leadership and cultural challenge that transcends borders and industries.

In Nigeria, the implications are particularly stark. In most offices, only about one in six employees genuinely cares about their work outcomes. The rest are either going through the motions or, worse, actively resisting organisational goals. This disengagement is not just a morale issue; it’s a productivity crisis. When employees are psychologically detached, mediocrity becomes the norm, innovation stalls, and performance suffers.

The cost of disengagement

The economic impact of disengagement is staggering. Gallup estimates that disengaged employees cost the global economy $8.8 trillion annually, equivalent to 9 percent of global GDP. For Nigerian businesses, this translates into missed opportunities, reduced competitiveness, and a growing talent drain as top performers seek more fulfilling work environments elsewhere.

Disengaged employees are not just unmotivated; they are often resentful, feeling that their needs are unmet and their contributions unrecognised. This can lead to toxic workplace behaviours, increased absenteeism, and higher turnover rates. In contrast, engaged employees act as psychological ‘owners’ of their work, driving performance, innovation, and customer satisfaction.

Leadership at the core of the problem

Gallup’s research points to a clear culprit: leadership. Their article, Anaemic Employee Engagement Points to Leadership Challenges, emphasises that 70 percent of the variance in team engagement is directly linked to the manager. Yet many managers are not equipped to lead in today’s dynamic, purpose-driven work environment. Traditional top-down management styles are failing to inspire, connect, or retain talent.

In Nigeria, decades of HR initiatives, team-building retreats, and management training have yielded limited results. The problem isn’t just about skills-it’s about connection. Employees want to feel seen, valued, and aligned with a greater purpose. They want leaders who coach, not command, and who listen, not lecture.

A new approach: Everyone has

Organisational development expert Kemi Buluro, a frequent speaker at global conferences hosted by the International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA) and the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI), believes it’s time for a new approach. Her platform, every1has, is designed to tackle disengagement by focusing not on fixing managers but on strengthening team camaraderie.

‘Disengagement is so widespread that in most Nigerian offices, only about one in six employees truly cares about their work outcomes,’ Buluro explains. ‘We need to stop treating engagement as a management problem and start treating it as a team dynamic issue.’

Everyone has offered a fresh perspective by providing insightful data on the unique talents, values, and interpersonal dynamics within teams. It helps organisations understand who works best with whom and how to build trust and collaboration from the ground up. Rather than relying on generic training, it empowers teams to self-organise around shared strengths and mutual respect.

The platform also encourages peer recognition, a powerful yet often overlooked driver of engagement. When employees feel appreciated by their colleagues, not just their supervisors, they are more likely to stay motivated and committed.

The way forward

The disengagement epidemic is not just a Nigerian issue; it’s a global leadership challenge. But it also presents a unique opportunity. By embracing human-centred, team-first solutions, Nigerian companies can leapfrog outdated models and build workplaces where people thrive.

To move forward, organisations must:

-Invest in leadership development that prioritizes emotional intelligence, coaching, and communication.

-Create feedback-rich cultures where employees feel heard and valued.

-Recognise and reward contributions in meaningful ways.

-Foster psychological safety, allowing employees to take risks and speak up without fear.

-Leverage technology like everyone else to build stronger, more connected teams.

As Gallup notes, ‘Flattening engagement reflects a shift in how leaders must manage performance.’ For Nigeria’s future-focused organisations, the message is clear: engagement isn’t a perk-it’s a strategy. And the time to act is now.

Kemi Buluro is an Organisational Development Consultant who helps global companies, from Fortune 500s to startups, simplify processes, strengthen collaboration, and drive innovation. She designs simulation-based learning experiences, including one used by Air France-KLM to train teams in consultative selling. Kemi is also the author of Sales Start with the Customer, a narrative-style business book that teaches customer-centric thinking through reflection and storytelling.

The Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) partnered with the Society of Women Accountants of Nigeria (SWAN), Port Harcourt and District to train 180 female entrepreneurs in the Niger Delta.

The training took almost all of one-week last week and ended with a colourful graduation ceremony at the impressive Horlinks Event Centre in the Marine Base area of the Garden City.

Amaka Ekaba, a fellow of ICAN, who is the Rapporteur-General of SWAN, produced a report that was read and adopted at the closing ceremony with huge applause. The report recognized Chiedu Ebie, Chairman, NDDC Governing Board; Samuel Ogbuju, Managing Director/CEO, NDDC; Boma Iyaye, Executive Director, Finance and Administration of the NDDC; Victor Antai, NDDC Executive Director, Projects; Ifedayo Agbegunde, Executive Director, Corporate Services, the entire NDDC management team; captains of industry; ICAN Chairmen; members of SWAN; and the distinguished lady entrepreneurs. Ekaba’s report said the workshop, held at the NDDC Event Centre, Port Harcourt from 22nd-25th September 2025, was attended by 180 Niger Delta Women Entrepreneurs, 20 SWAN members (including facilitators and organizers), NDDC Directors and 11 CID staff daily for quality assurance. ‘It was declared open by Ogbuku, (MD, NDDC), represented by Antai (ED Projects).

‘In their opening addresses, Ogbuku, Ehiorobo Friday (Director, CID), and Isioma Onwo (Chairperson, SWAN) emphasized the importance of financial literacy and capacity building for women entrepreneurs, affirming that empowering women translates to empowering families and the wider nation. Participants were urged to take the training seriously for business growth and sustainability.’

On the technical papers, Ekaba reported thus: ‘Seven technical sessions were held during the training. Paper one was: Introduction to Bank and Social Media Account Opening by Franca Ikhinwmin. Bank and social media accounts are vital for SME growth, providing credibility and market access. Participants were introduced to Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, and X, and guided on leveraging these platforms to promote their businesses.

‘Paper two was on Introduction to Bookkeeping by the 29th Chairman of ICAN Port Harcourt and District, Helen Irobuisi. Bookkeeping involves systematic daily recording of financial transactions, including tracking income, expenses, and filing source documents. Participants were advised to open key books of accounts (Cash Book, Sales Book, Purchase Book, Stock Register, etc), pay themselves salaries, and separate personal finances from business finances.

‘Paper three was on Tax Awareness. Anchored by the Pioneer Chairman of ICAN Obio Akpor and District, Chioma Ojukwu.

Nigeria’s tax system and the 2025 Tax Act reforms were explained, highlighting new exemptions, levies, VAT changes, and mandatory e-invoicing. Participants were urged to record all business expenses for tax deductions, seek professional tax advice, and consider upgrading from enterprise to limited liability company.’

The report went on to state how Paper four reviewed Record Keeping and Filing by Eme Akpa. ‘Effective record keeping requires tools such as cloud storage, scanning apps, backups, and organized physical files. Participants were cautioned against poor practices such as reliance on memory, scattered files, and lack of proper backups.

‘Paper 5 – Introducing Accounting Applications: Excel and Quick Books by Victoria Adele. Participants were introduced to Excel and QuickBooks for bookkeeping, financial reporting, and preparation of statements. Both tools were emphasized as critical for improving speed, accuracy, and automation, while reducing manual errors.’

On Paper six, ‘Internal Controls was by Peace Wills. Internal controls, including segregation of duties, reconciliations, and safeguarding assets, are crucial for protecting resources, preventing fraud, and building trust. Participants were urged to adopt tools such as vouchers, approval limits, and receipts, and to avoid mixing personal and business finances, with the reminder: What you don’t control will control you.”

Her report said Paper seven dealt with Financial Literacy by Olabisi Bamisile. ‘Financial planning emphasized budgeting, saving, building emergency funds, avoiding debt traps, and teaching financial values. Participants were introduced to a few investment platforms, cooperative savings, and insurance for wealth creation and long-term resilience.

‘Finally, Fidelity Bank Plc also encouraged the women entrepreneurs to take advantage of various packages geared towards supporting their businesses such as the ‘FUNDHER’ package.’

Giving insight into the essence of the training, Onwo, the SWAN chairperson, said: ‘Through our research, we found out that a lot of small and medium sized businesses fail just because of lack of proper record keeping. SWAN PH thought it wise that women entrepreneurs be trained so they can do business more professionally and profitably. For instance, a lot of the participants told us they did not even know they were supposed to keep their personal finances separate from their business finances.’

How do you feel to be named the Cuppy Africa Steinhardt Scholar for a second year in a row?

Honestly, I was shocked, in a good way, though. Being the first recipient last year was already such a huge honour, but winning it again feels like a reminder that the work I’m doing truly matters.

It’s also an encouragement to keep going. For me, this is bigger than an award. It’s about keeping the door open for more Africans who want to explore creative approaches to healing and social impact.

What does this award represent for you personally?

It represents validation of the path I’ve chosen. Drama therapy is not a very common field, especially among Nigerians.

To have my work in this space recognised twice tells me that arts have a rightful place in conversations about health, resilience, and community transformation.

How does it feel to be a trailblazer in drama therapy, being only the second Nigerian to pursue credentialing as a Licensed Drama Therapist in the US?

It feels both exciting and humbling. On one hand, I feel a great sense of pride to be among the very few Nigerians in this field, especially as drama therapy is still emerging globally.

On the other hand, it comes with the responsibility to represent my community well, to pave the way for others, and show that Africans can and should have a place in shaping how creative arts therapies grow worldwide.

I hope my journey helps make this path more visible for future Nigerians who want to combine mental health with the arts.

You’ve often spoken about Arts as a tool for social change. Can you share some examples of your work?

In Nigeria, I directed community theatre projects that addressed societal issues such as gender-based violence and lack of quality education.

Here in the U.S., I’ve worked on performances that talk about gun violence, immigration, and race. The goal has always been the same: to use theatre as a mirror, a voice, and sometimes, a form of healing.

You’ve also had opportunities on the global stage. What stands out for you?

Representing Nigeria at the World Bank Youth Summit in Washington, D.C. was a highlight. I was presenting my research on drama therapy and dementia care at an international medical humanities conference in Qatar. These platforms reminded me that our local stories have global relevance.

What do you envision for the future of your work in Nigeria?

I hope to continue building bridges between Nigeria and the global community in the areas of mental health, creative arts, and social change.

I want my work to inspire conversations about how the arts can serve as a therapeutic tool, not just in Nigeria but worldwide. Whether through collaborations, research, training programs, or advocacy, I aim to spotlight Nigerian voices on international platforms and create opportunities for others to engage with creative arts therapies.

For me, it’s about expanding access and recognition so that more communities, including those in Nigeria, can benefit from the healing potential of the arts.

Telecommunications giant Globacom has reaffirmed its commitment to Nigeria’s cultural heritage by renewing its sponsorship of the 2025 Ofala Festival, a vibrant celebration led by Igwe Nnaemeka Achebe, the Obi of Onitsha.

The announcement, made during a press briefing at the Obi’s Palace in Onitsha, underscores the festival’s pivotal role in driving Nigeria’s projected N11.2 trillion tourism sector contribution to GDP in 2025.The Ofala Festival, scheduled for October 17-18, 2025, will feature the Iru Ofala and Azu Ofala, alongside events like the Oreze Art Exhibition, a youth carnival, a medical outreach, and a royal banquet.

Globacom, the festival’s principal sponsor since 2011, emphasized that its support is rooted in the belief that cultural celebrations like Ofala are vital to Nigeria’s economy, identity, and global presence. ‘Nigeria’s tourism sector is expected to contribute N11.2 trillion to GDP in 2025, up from N10.9 trillion in 2024, with domestic tourism expenditure reaching N6.1 trillion and international visitor spending at N803.2 billion. These figures highlight the economic power of culture and tourism. Our investment in Ofala is about building communities, creating jobs, and fostering pride,’ Globacom stated.