State plans own calls network to cut airtime costs

The government plans to deploy an internal communication platform, JamboTel, to ease information flow among its agencies and departments and reduce costs, potentially cutting an important revenue stream for telecommunication firms in the country.

The National Treasury has disclosed that the rollout will happen once the State completes laying its backbone fibre optic cable, which is expected to link every public institution and office to the internet.

JamboTel will be a voice-over-internet (VoIP) platform, allowing State officers to communicate freely without incurring airtime costs, a move that could save the government billions of shillings annually in communication expenses.

VoIP is a technology that allows users to make voice calls using a broadband internet connection instead of a regular (or analogue) phone line.

‘The JamboTel secure communication system will be deployed to all government institutions, enhancing coordination and reducing communication costs,’ the National Treasury revealed in a recently published budget policy plan for 2026.

It is not clear how much the government spends each year on internal communication, but the figure is estimated to run into billions of shillings. The State Department for Broadcasting and Telecommunications, which is responsible for coordinating intra-government communication, receives at least Sh4 billion every year for this function.

Individual State agencies, corporations and departments also maintain their own communication budgets, which are not usually explicitly disclosed as covering airtime or internal communications.

The government has, in the past, acknowledged challenges with internal communication and information coordination between different State organs, prompting the push to invest in improved channels.

Among the key communication challenges identified by the Ministry of ICT in a recent strategy document is ‘weak internal communications mechanisms leading to uncoordinated messaging hierarchy, conflicting messaging, and public engagement.’

The ministry said it plans to procure an internal communication tracker portal by June 2028, although no specifics were provided on how the portal will function or what exactly it will do.

Three senior officers at the ICT ministry, responsible for infrastructure, systems and innovation, told Business Daily that while they are aware of plans to implement an internal communication platform for the government, they are not aware of any progress made so far, nor of the JamboTel brand name.

While the system is expected to lower costs and streamline processes for the government, it is also likely to cut into voice revenue streams for telcos Safaricom, Airtel, Telkom and Faiba, given that the State is the largest spender in the economy across most sectors.

Kenya, however, is not alone in this shift. Globally, governments are moving away from siloed, analogue communication processes within State organs towards unified and secure internal communication platforms.

India, for instance, rolled out Sandes last year, an instant messaging system designed to be secure and serve as a sovereign alternative to commercial messaging platforms. Nigeria and Ireland have also recently introduced similar systems.

In Kenya’s case, the rollout hinges heavily on connecting State institutions and offices to internet access through last-mile fibre optic cable. The project targets 100,000 kilometres by the end of next year.

So far, the State has laid 80,633 kilometres of fibre optic cable across the country, connecting at least 82 hospitals and 1,114 public schools to the internet.

Kenya Power staff forge payslips to borrow loans

At least 384 employees at Kenya Power forged payslips to secure loans, a new audit has revealed, exposing weaknesses in the utility’s human resource systems.

The fraud was uncovered through an internal audit, the findings of which have now been published by Auditor-General Nancy Gathungu.

The audit shows that the scheme left 361 employees with payslips reflecting deductions of more than two-thirds of their salaries, breaching labour laws and highlighting gaps in payroll controls. ‘An internal investigation during the year on alleged use of forged documents by employees to obtain loans from financial institutions revealed that 384 employees acquired loans using forged payslips and Human Resource (HR) approval letters,’ Ms Gathungu said in her report on Kenya Power for the 2024/25 financial year.

The report questions the reliability of Kenya Power’s payroll and HR processes, noting that financial institutions were misled into issuing loans that should not have been approved.

Legal breaches

Section 19 of the Employment Act, 2007, prohibits employers from deducting more than two-thirds of an employee’s salary.

The audit found that staff exploited weaknesses in Kenya Power’s systems to generate fake payslips and HR approval letters, with 94 percent of affected employees left earning less than one-third of their basic pay.

‘Out of those, 361 employees were in breach of the statutory one-third basic salary rule. The practice highlights weaknesses in the company’s payroll and human resource approval processes, which may have facilitated deductions beyond the statutory thresholds,’ the report states.

The audit does not disclose the value of loans obtained using forged documents, nor does it name the financial institutions that issued them.

Wider fraud

The forged payslips were among 33 fraudulent incidents recorded at the utility during the year. The Auditor-General noted that the cases were detected through internal audit reviews and voluntary reporting by employees and customers.

In the year ending June 2024, Kenya Power’s internal audit unit also uncovered collusion involving staff, guards at off-grid power stations and fuel transporters, leading to the theft of 1.16 million litres of fuel.

The company said rogue employees manipulated records of fuel deliveries while diverting supplies, a scheme that ran for more than two years.

An official at the utility said at least 20 employees were dismissed during the year ending June 2025 over irregularities, including fuel theft, corruption-related offences and illegal electricity connections.

Governance gaps

The Auditor-General faulted Kenya Power for lacking a tracking and monitoring mechanism to ensure implementation of recommendations arising from fraud investigations.

‘There was no tracking and monitoring mechanism to follow up on the implementation status of recommendations arising from fraud investigations. In the absence of such a mechanism, management was unable to effectively assess progress, enforce accountability, or ensure closure of fraud-related control weaknesses,’ Ms Gathungu said.

The report also raises concerns over board oversight, noting that it was unclear whether Kenya Power’s board regularly discussed fraud investigation reports from the security and internal audit departments. This, the Auditor-General said, limited the effectiveness of governance and oversight.’

Why men over 40 need Pilates exercises more than ever

In the last few years, Pilates has quietly stretched its way into Kenya’s fitness scene, with sleek studios popping up across Nairobi.

Step into any of these spaces and one thing quickly stands out: most of the mats, the reformer, and the Wunda chair are occupied by women.

A BDLife tour of several Pilates studios around the city confirmed this trend, but it also uncovered a lingering misconception. To many Kenyan men, Pilate exercises, which are low-impact movements that emphasise core strength, flexibility and body alignment, are is still dismissed as a women’s workout.

Men ignore them, thinking they are too light, too gentle, not manly enough or simply not serious enough.

However, fitness experts insist this narrative could not be more off balance.

Pilates, they say, is a full-body workout that builds strength, improves posture, protects joints, and sharpens core stability.

In fact, experts argue that Pilates may be one of the best workouts men can embrace, especially those in their 40s and beyond who want to stay active without waging war on their knees and back.

‘Many men shy away from Pilates, and what I find both funny and interesting is that when you look at its history, Pilates was actually designed by a man, for men. Joseph Pilates designed the exercises to rehabilitate injured soldiers during World War I. These were men recovering from different war injuries,’ says Jacqui Wangari, a certified Pilates instructor and founder of Zuberi Pilates.

So why, then, do Kenyan men run away from Pilates classes?

Wangari says there are two ways to look at it. The first is perception.

‘Social media has painted Pilates as a women’s workout simply because women have picked it up and embraced it so visibly. Then there’s the studio environment itself. Many Pilates studios in Kenya have a very feminine feel -pink walls, floral designs, soft aesthetics. For a lot of Kenyan men, that setting is not welcoming,’ she explains.

The second reason, Wangari believes, has to do with how Pilate workouts are conducted.

‘In my experience, men tend to struggle more in group settings when it comes to following detailed instructions. You might find a man who has been doing Pilates longer than some women in the class, yet he still struggles [to get the posture right and complete all the repetitions. But put that same man in a one-on-one private session, and he does just fine.’

The result is a quiet withdrawal.

‘Because of how Pilates classes are conducted in Kenya, they are not always welcoming or conducive for men, so naturally, many stay away. I guess that explains why only about 15 percent of my clientele are men.’

Anuja Chehar, co-founder of BASI Pilates Academy, also in Nairobi, agrees.

‘Most of our clients are women, and among the men who do come, almost all prefer private sessions rather than group classes.’

Like Ms Wangari, Ms Chehar notes that the majority of their male clientele did not simply walk into the studios and enrol in classes.

‘I think all of our male clients have been referred to us because of injuries they sustained or picked up. We have rehabilitated a number, especially those who sustained those injuries from playing golf.’

Despite this trend, the experts insist that Kenyan men, particularly those past 40, need to look beyond the noise and rethink Pilates, not as a trend, but as a long-term investment in their bodies.

‘Whether as a primary workout or a complement to weight training, Pilates offers something many ageing bodies desperately need. The truth, however uncomfortable, is that muscle loss and declining energy begin quietly, often just after the high-octane years of your 20s. By the time you hit your 30s, many people start wishing they could borrow some of that old vigour to stay strong and build muscle. But nature, as always, keeps its own timetable,’ Chehar notes.

By the 40s, the body undergoes even more changes. Weight gain can feel sudden, almost as if a switch has been flipped. Staying sharp, strong and mobile now demands far more effort than it once did.

Experts point out that even if you have been active all along, energy decline with age is unavoidable.

This is why, for many men, even lifting weights begins to feel less empowering and more punishing. Pilates, they argue, offers a gentler but deeply effective alternative, one that works with the body rather than against it, and might just be the quiet game-changer men did not know they needed.

‘I always say Pilates is for all abilities, all ages and all conditions. It’s one of the very few exercises that works the mind, the muscles and even the soul. It’s a very holistic fitness system,’ Wangari says.

Men who do it

Elite athletes with some of the well-toned bodies have long embraced Pilates – from David Beckham, Andy Murray, LeBron James and Tiger Woods. Pilates is also incorporated into their training regimens.

For Kenyan men in their 40s, Wangari says Pilates is especially effective because of its low impact on the ageing body and declining energy levels, while still strengthening the body.

‘For anyone in their 40s, it improves flexibility and mobility, because as you age, the body stiffens. As a secondary workout, especially for men who lift weights or do high-impact exercises, it becomes extremely important for injury management and body alignment.’

Wangari observes similar benefits for women entering menopause, which typically begins from the age of 45, although some women experience it earlier.

‘When women enter menopause, their bodies undergo changes due to hormonal shifts. A good number of research studies suggest that high-impact exercises aren’t very good for women in menopause, and that’s where Pilates becomes a strong alternative.’

Read: Jacqui Wangari: How Pilates helped my postpartum recovery

Less time, more fitness gains

Chehar notes that Pilates is also ideal because even a 30-minute session can be effective, unlike many other exercises that require longer durations to maximise results.

‘Unlike trendy workouts promising quick fixes, Pilates delivers sustainable results through gradual progression. With over 600 exercises, the Pilates method balances strength with flexibility while respecting your current capabilities. Whether you are going through hormonal shifts, experiencing changes in energy levels or simply want to build lasting fitness habits, Pilates provides a foundation that adapts and grows with you at every stage,’ she notes.

According to Wangari, the Pilates movement system emphasises controlled, precise movements that build strength from the inside out.

‘In your 40s, the true value of Pilates comes from its focus on functional movement patterns that transfer directly to daily activities like carrying groceries, sitting on the toilet, maintaining good posture at your desk or bending to pick something up safely. Pilate movements target common issues you may already be facing as you age, including weakened core muscles, reduced flexibility and shifting weight distribution,’ she says.

She adds that, as a low-Impact workout, Pilates offers particular benefits to the ageing body.

‘The controlled, flowing movements of Pilates minimise pressure on the knees, hips and spine while building strength and endurance. A typical session works the muscles to fatigue through resistance and bodyweight challenges rather than through jarring movements common in the gym or with weight-lifting.

‘Pilates is not about shocking the muscles, but rather, attempting resistance with your body muscles. The exercises also generally distribute effort across your entire body rather than targeting a specific part of your body or muscle. That way, it helps create balanced muscular development that prevents you from overexercising the more vulnerable areas,’ Wangari explains.

While you might experience soreness after an intense lifting session, this is rarely the case with Pilates.

‘It isn’t unusual to feel worked out but not worn out after Pilates, which is a good indication that you exercised and experienced muscle fatigue without the exhaustion that often accompanies more physically demanding workouts,’ Chehar adds.

Co-op Bank boss Gideon Muriuki buys extra Sh148m shares

Co-operative Bank of Kenya’s chief executive officer, Gideon Muriuki, bought an additional 5.5 million shares in the company, with a current market value of Sh148.2 million, in the seven months to December 2025, lifting his ownership to a new high of 2.3 percent.

Regulatory filings show that he held 135 million shares in December 2025, up from 129.5 million shares in May last year, when his stake stood at 2.21 percent.

Mr Muriuki had maintained a two percent interest in the bank for years until early 2025, when he embarked on a fresh accumulation of the lender’s shares.

The expansion of his stake has cemented his position as the top individual investor in the Nairobi Securities Exchange-listed firm.

Share purchases by executives are seen as a signal of confidence in a firm’s future prospects, given that they are better placed to understand the opportunities, risks and competitive dynamics facing their companies and the industry more broadly.

Businessman Baloobhai Patel had also accumulated Co-op Bank shares over several years and stopped buying after reaching 100 million shares, equivalent to a 1.7 percent stake, ranking him second.

Co-op Bank’s share price has staged one of the sharpest rallies over the past 12 months as investors responded to its earnings performance and the company’s first interim dividend of Sh1 per share, which is seen as a precursor to a higher total dividend payout for the year ended December 2025.

The bank’s share price hit a new 52-week high of Sh27.95 on Friday, closing at an average of Sh26.95. The stock is up 71.65 percent over the past 12 months, according to market data.

Co-op Bank signalled a higher payout for the year ended December 2025 after distributing its first interim dividend of Sh1 per share last month.

The bank had previously maintained a dividend of Sh1.5 per share, paid once at the end of each financial year. Retaining the final dividend at Sh1.5 per share would lift the total dividend to Sh2.5 per share, representing a 66.6 percent increase in cash returns.

Co-op Bank posted a 12.3 percent increase in net profit to Sh21.56 billion in the nine months to September, driven by higher interest income.

Net interest income grew by 22.8 percent to Sh45.27 billion during the period, from Sh36.87 billion a year earlier, on the back of increased lending to customers.

The bank has doubled down on its Kenya expansion strategy, limiting its presence outside the country. It has said there remains significant opportunity in the local market, which it is pursuing through branch expansion in strategic locations and the scaling up of digital banking services.

Co-op Bank serves the Kenyan market through its namesake brand as well as its subsidiary, Kingdom Bank (previously trading as Jamii Bora Bank), which it acquired in 2020 in a rescue deal shepherded by the Central Bank of Kenya.

Its only foreign operation is Co-operative Bank of South Sudan, in which it owns a controlling 51 percent stake, with the remaining 49 percent held by the Government of South Sudan in trust for the co-operative movement in that country.

H Young returns to big road works with Sh3.4bn Thika-Magumu project

The three-year project, which is officially scheduled to start this month, is expected to significantly upgrade a key transport corridor linking Kiambu and Nyandarua counties, according to KeNHA.

The rehabilitation and improvement of the 67.7-kilometre road are scheduled for completion after 36 months.

‘The project is located in Kiambu and Nyandarua counties. The project starts at Magumu town, takes an easterly direction through Kirasha, Kieni Forest, Gakoe, Ndiko, Kanyoni, Kanjuku, Kamwangi, Nyamathumbi, Karure, Igegania, Mang’u, and Gatukuyu centres, and terminates at Thika (A2 junction),’ KeNHA said in the tender document.

The award marks a strong return to State-funded infrastructure projects for H Young, a local firm founded in 1951 before independence. In recent years, many local contractors have been edged out of large road projects by the dominance of Chinese firms.

H Young, which has operated under every administration since that of Jomo Kenyatta, has remained active while several older construction companies have fallen away amid intense competition from Chinese contractors and newer entrants.

Disclosures published by the Public Procurement Authority also show that the other director of H Young is Robert Mwangi Ndung’u.

Starting on April 27, 2023, the firm was also awarded a tender to construct three pedestrian overpasses along the Athi River-Museum Hill-James Gichuru Junction (A8) Road, according to procurement disclosures.

Among other notable contracts won by H Young is a one-year tender for the connection of additional wells to the Menengai 105 MW Steam Gathering System (EPC) at a cost of Sh1,366,598,074.08. That project began on April 25 last year.

The company is also reconstructing the Mamboleo-Miwani-Chemelil-Muhoroni-Kipsitet Road to bitumen standard. Works on that project were scheduled to start on May 12, 2021, and end on July 11 this year.

In addition, H Young holds a Sh1.04 billion contract to upgrade roads at the Meru County headquarters.

For a construction firm once accustomed to winning mega contracts, the Thika-Magumu Road project signals a return to big-ticket assignments.

All construction activities will take place within the existing road reserve and other areas designated under the contract, meaning no new land acquisition is required.

Road works

Before major works begin, the contractor will set up resident engineer offices, laboratories and staff housing to support supervision and quality control.

Temporary deviation roads will be constructed and maintained to keep traffic flowing during the construction period.

The main works involve site clearance and removal of topsoil, followed by extensive earthworks to reshape the road to a Type I pavement standard suitable for heavy traffic.

On the first 6.8 kilometres from Magumu, works include laying regulation layers, lime-improved gravel sub-base, cement-gravel base layers and an asphalt binder course.

On the next stretch of about 31 kilometres, the road will be widened by filling and benching the shoulders to achieve the required width. The existing pavement will be milled and replaced with cement- and lime-stabilised gravel layers across the full width.

On a short section of just over two kilometres, construction will be carried out on one side of the road at a time to allow traffic to continue using the other side.

Across the entire road-from Magumu to Thika-a surface dressing layer will be applied as the final wearing course, covering the main carriageway, bus bays, junctions and access roads.

Drainage and safety works form a major component of the project. Old and defective culverts will be removed and replaced, while new cross and access culverts will be constructed where required.

Concrete outfall channels will be installed to improve water flow and protect the road structure. Road signs, markings and flex-beam guardrails will be added, particularly in high-fill sections and near road approaches.

The project also includes junction improvements, protection of existing utility services, landscaping and environmental works. These will involve planting grass on embankments, trees and flowering bushes, as well as stone pitching and gabions where necessary.

Throughout construction, the existing road will be regularly maintained to ensure safe passage of traffic, with diversion routes provided where required under regulations.

After completion, the contractor will remain responsible for the road during a 24-month Defects Liability Period, during which any defects must be corrected at no additional cost.

Once finished, the upgraded Thika-Magumu Road is expected to provide a smoother, safer and more durable route for road users across the two counties.

Kenya Power staff forge payslips to borrow loans

At least 384 employees at Kenya Power forged payslips to secure loans, a new audit has revealed, exposing weaknesses in the utility’s human resource systems.

The fraud was uncovered through an internal audit, the findings of which have now been published by Auditor-General Nancy Gathungu.

The audit shows that the scheme left 361 employees with payslips reflecting deductions of more than two-thirds of their salaries, breaching labour laws and highlighting gaps in payroll controls.

‘An internal investigation during the year on alleged use of forged documents by employees to obtain loans from financial institutions revealed that 384 employees acquired loans using forged payslips and Human Resource (HR) approval letters,’ Ms Gathungu said in her report on Kenya Power for the 2024/25 financial year.

The report questions the reliability of Kenya Power’s payroll and HR processes, noting that financial institutions were misled into issuing loans that should not have been approved.

Legal breaches

Section 19 of the Employment Act, 2007, prohibits employers from deducting more than two-thirds of an employee’s salary.

The audit found that staff exploited weaknesses in Kenya Power’s systems to generate fake payslips and HR approval letters, with 94 percent of affected employees left earning less than one-third of their basic pay.

‘Out of those, 361 employees were in breach of the statutory one-third basic salary rule. The practice highlights weaknesses in the company’s payroll and human resource approval processes, which may have facilitated deductions beyond the statutory thresholds,’ the report states.

The audit does not disclose the value of loans obtained using forged documents, nor does it name the financial institutions that issued them.

Wider fraud

The forged payslips were among 33 fraudulent incidents recorded at the utility during the year. The Auditor-General noted that the cases were detected through internal audit reviews and voluntary reporting by employees and customers.

In the year ending June 2024, Kenya Power’s internal audit unit also uncovered collusion involving staff, guards at off-grid power stations and fuel transporters, leading to the theft of 1.16 million litres of fuel.

The company said rogue employees manipulated records of fuel deliveries while diverting supplies, a scheme that ran for more than two years.

An official at the utility said at least 20 employees were dismissed during the year ending June 2025 over irregularities, including fuel theft, corruption-related offences and illegal electricity connections.

Governance gaps

The Auditor-General faulted Kenya Power for lacking a tracking and monitoring mechanism to ensure implementation of recommendations arising from fraud investigations.

‘There was no tracking and monitoring mechanism to follow up on the implementation status of recommendations arising from fraud investigations. In the absence of such a mechanism, management was unable to effectively assess progress, enforce accountability, or ensure closure of fraud-related control weaknesses,’ Ms Gathungu said.

The report also raises concerns over board oversight, noting that it was unclear whether Kenya Power’s board regularly discussed fraud investigation reports from the security and internal audit departments. This, the Auditor-General said, limited the effectiveness of governance and oversight.’

How Kenyan content creators earn millions as YouTube gets crowded

The number of Kenyan content creators earning seven-figure monthly paycheques directly from YouTube has jumped 60 percent since 2022, according to Alex Okosi, the managing director for Africa at Google and YouTube Emerging Markets.

The surge has been greatly fuelled by a habit where Kenyans are watching Kenyan content, with the country ranking as Africa’s leading consumer of its own homegrown content on YouTube. This, in turn, has been translating into revenue for the creators.

Last September, YouTube revealed it had paid creators over $100 million (nearly Sh13 billion) since 2021.

One beneficiary of this boom is James Mutembei, the man behind the popular Mutembei TV, a YouTube channel focused on local news and politics. He launched the channel in August 2019.

At least Sh300,000 monthly

His first earnings from the channel, which has amassed 906,000 subscribers, were Sh157,000, and since then, he has never made anything below Sh300,000 a month. Along the way, the channel has grown into a small newsroom, employing seven people to help produce content consistently.

‘My reason to start a news channel was to fight poverty. Poverty can make you do things that you never thought of. When I was employed, the salary was not enough, and that challenged me to think outside the box. That is how I got here,’ he says.

With more Kenyan creators flooding YouTube, many borrowing from each other’s formats, a familiar debate has emerged of how easy or hard it is to make money on YouTube.

For Mutembei, the answer is obvious. ‘The hack is understanding your viewer’s interest and matching it. If you have the right content, people will come. If you check YouTube, I almost always have a video in the top 10 trending in the country. I just produce the right content, at the right time, consistently. Stick to that, and people will join you and the money follows,’ he adds.

But online comedian Andrew Duncan Oduor, alias 2Mbili, sees things differently. 2Mbili runs three active YouTube channels that focus on Lifestyle, Too Personal with 2Mbili, Everything Cars with 2Mbili and 2Mbili TV, and from his seat, the surge of creators has thinned out earnings.

‘YouTube isn’t as lucrative as it was a few years ago. Earnings have dropped drastically. Many people have shifted to YouTube Shorts. Longer videos aren’t as attractive anymore, and there’s a lot of similar content out there. It’s become monotonous,’ he says.

Since YouTube pays largely based on watch time, fewer minutes watched means smaller payouts. ‘I’m making about a quarter less than what I made two or three years ago. Back then, many creators were buying cars and houses with YouTube money. Once the space became saturated with copycats, many legit creators slowed down or stepped back,’ 2Mbili adds.

The comedian also adds that with new content creators popping up and copying the content style of already established creators, the audiences are always chasing novelty.

‘It’s like getting a new cloth, you want to wear it all the time,’ he adds.

Revenue strategy

For filmmaker and scriptwriter Abel Mutua, YouTube is less a cash cow and more of a revenue strategy. His Mkurugenzi channel, a storytelling platform, boasts 891,000 subscribers, with an average of 200,000 views per video.

The 38-year-old, who rose to fame on Tahidi High, says the channel earns him a decent amount, just not enough to leave him with some pocket change.

‘The money I get from YouTube is not bad, but my staff is huge. I have a payroll of 14 guys from YouTube, I don’t remain with anything made from YouTube, but it is enough to ensure that everybody (workforce) has been fed (paid),’ Abel reveals.

The real payoff for him comes indirectly rather than directly from YouTube. With the growing audience he has been able to attract major brands that target his community, and that is where the he makes his money.

‘When a bank or DSTV comes knocking, that’s the money I take to the bank. YouTube is a tool. I invest heavily in quality storytelling because I know it will attract other income sources.’

Streaming of Abel’s content, like many other Kenyan content creators on YouTube has become a little bit of a nuisance, as often pop-up adverts interrupt viewing, which sometimes are unskippable.

Those ads are a major income stream, supplementing what YouTube pays for watch time. Creators can choose which ads run on their content and where they appear, a decision that directly affects earnings.

‘When adverts are embedded on your channel, that means more money coming your way. The power to select Advert categories and at what point they appear is vested in the creator. However, some creators lose out on maximising advert revenues when they opt not to select all, or enough Ad categories to be served on their content. When that happens, the ads left out are redirected to another creator who is more accommodating,’ Addy Awofisayo, YouTube Music Head Sub-Saharan Africa, explains.

Premium subscribers

YouTubers primarily make money through the YouTube Partner Programme, which allows eligible creators to monetise their content in various ways, with the advertising revenue being the most common stream.

There is also YouTube Premium. Premium subscribers watch content without ads, but creators still get paid through a shared pool of subscription revenue, distributed based on watch time.

But that is not the only pot.

There is also YouTube Premium. Premium subscribers watch content without ads, but creators still get paid through a shared pool of subscription revenue, distributed based on watch time. While there is no fixed payout, Premium views often earn more per view for highly engaged audiences.

‘If you’re a YouTube Premium member, you won’t see ads, so we share your monthly membership fee with creators. The more videos you watch from your favourite creators, the more money they make,’ explains YouTube’s Help Centre.

YouTube Premium has grown rapidly, from 18 million subscribers in 2019 to 125 million in 2025.

Creators can also earn directly through channel memberships, where fans pay a monthly fee in exchange for perks like exclusive badges, emojis and members-only content. For creators with loyal communities, this has become a powerful and reliable revenue stream.

Nakuru health-tech firm uses Microsoft AI to reduce waste in pharmacies

Microsoft is working with a little-known Nakuru-based health-technology startup whose artificial intelligence-powered platform is being built on the US tech giant’s enterprise tools to improve efficiency and profitability at independent pharmacies across Kenya.

The collaboration reflects Microsoft’s push to embed its AI products in business applications in emerging markets, particularly in healthcare supply chains dominated by small, owner-run outlets.

The platform is built by Zendawa, a three-year-old venture, on Microsoft’s AI assistant Copilot, its data visualisation tool Power BI and the cloud computing platform Microsoft Azure.

It enables pharmacies to digitise inventory management, track stock in real time and forecast demand, reducing losses linked to expired medicines and poor stock planning.

In Kenya, a significant share of outpatient care begins at community pharmacies or clinics with pharmacies. Yet many independent outlets are small, owner-run businesses that operate on thin margins and still rely on pen-and-paper systems. This exposes them to frequent stock-outs, over-ordering and drug wastage.

Zendawa’s software programme aggregates sales and prescription data to guide ordering decisions, reducing the need to stock multiple versions of the same medicine while improving visibility into fast-moving products.

The software also generates data-based credit profiles that pharmacies can use to access financing from partner lenders without providing traditional collateral.

Wilfred Chege, an IT specialist, co-founded Zendawa with pharmacist Dr Victor Achoka in 2019, before setting up the business in 2023.

Mr Chege says pharmacies using the platform report reductions in expired stock of about two-thirds, as well as longer operating hours after automated stock-taking reduced the need for frequent shop closures.

Zendawa’s software has three modules that can be activated independently. Pharmacies typically begin by digitising their point-of-sale systems, especially those moving from manual record-keeping.

‘After up to three months of transactions, data has been generated, and the platform can unlock an embedded financing module. Sales data is used to assess stock-keeping units (SKUs), turnover and cash flow, which then inform a pharmacy’s credit profile,’ the 26-year-old told the Business Daily in an interview.

The startup also runs a web-, mobile- and SMS-based marketplace that allows consumers to place medicine orders for delivery or in-store collection, similar to large online pharmacy platforms like Kenya’s MyDawa. Access to this module is subject to pharmacies meeting minimum operational thresholds.

Zendawa has partnered with licensed credit providers to extend loans.

‘Our data is the guarantee that a pharmacy has a certain turnover or cash flow and can be given credit,’ Mr Chege said.

‘The liability does not lie with us, but with the pharmacy and the lender. We are just an introducer.’

AI-powered forecasting is another core part of the platform. Using Power BI, Zendawa analyses historical sales and prescription trends to predict consumption patterns for specific medicines over defined periods. Information on stock-outs, slow-moving items and approaching expiries is then made available through a Copilot-powered chatbot, which allows pharmacists to query their data in real-time.

Zendawa was part of the inaugural Microsoft GenAI Accelerator last year, a programme run in partnership with another US tech giant, NVIDIA, to support African startups building and scaling generative AI products. Through the collaboration, Zendawa works with Microsoft engineers and Silicon Valley-based consultants and receives cloud credits to ensure the platform integrates seamlessly with Microsoft’s enterprise tools.

Zendawa has expanded since 2023 to support 820 pharmacies, mainly in Nairobi and Nakuru. There is a rising interest from big tech firms in using AI to strengthen healthcare supply chains and support small businesses in Africa’s urban markets.

Mr Chege said the partnership with Microsoft does not involve direct capital investment; the startup is fundraising separately as it looks to expand its footprint beyond its Nakuru base.

‘So far, we are leveraging each other for acceleration and adoption,’ Mr Chege said. ‘[Microsoft] are looking for wider adoption of their enterprise products, and we get faster scale in the market.’

Governance failures at the heart of building collapses in Nairobi

When a building collapses in Nairobi, the public reaction is immediate and familiar: corruption, greed, or incompetence.

These factors are real, but they are incomplete explanations. If greed alone were the cause, failures would be random. They are not. Building collapses in Nairobi follow a disturbing pattern-and patterns point to systems, not accidents.

The failures are overwhelmingly associated with privately financed developments, client-dominated delivery models, weak construction supervision, and limited independent verification during construction.

This consistency suggests a deeper problem: a governance failure in how buildings are delivered, supervised, and held accountable. Increasingly, this assessment is shared across the built environment professions, which have pointed to systemic breakdowns across approvals, supervision, inspection, and enforcement rather than a single technical lapse.

It is important to clarify what this does-and does not-mean. Buildings do not collapse because of corruption in the abstract. Collapse is a physical event governed by engineering realities: load paths, material strength, foundations, and construction quality.

A structure fails only when its load-resisting capacity is exceeded, due to identifiable causes such as inadequate design, poor materials, uncontrolled changes, or absent supervision.

Engineering systems exist because such failures are foreseeable. Design checks, testing, inspections, and supervision are intended to detect and arrest risk before it becomes catastrophic. When a building collapses, it is evidence that this control system failed to function as intended.

Corruption operates at a different level. It does not create structural failure mechanisms. Rather, it weakens or disables safety barriers, allowing known defects to persist.

In practical terms, corruption extends how long unsafe conditions are tolerated, increasing exposure until failure becomes inevitable. This distinction matters because it shifts attention from moral outrage to system performance.

A critical but often overlooked factor is the governance gap in private developments. Unlike public projects-where formal contracts, defined roles, and audit visibility are standard-many private developments operate under weak or informal arrangements.

Developers often control consultant appointments, payment schedules, scope changes, and site access. In extreme cases, the developer acts as both client and contractor, collapsing the separation between decision-making, construction, and supervision.

This concentration of power undermines professional independence. Technical advice becomes negotiable rather than authoritative, and safety safeguards are treated as costs to be minimised rather than risks to be managed.

How to choose right bank for your growth

It is often said that where you bank is where your money learns to grow or disappear. This is especially true in Kenya’s competitive and fast-evolving banking sector.

Today, lenders are not just offering accounts-they are selling convenience, promising growth, and pushing slick mobile apps and appealing offers. But beyond the flashy marketing strategies the real question is, which bank truly works for you?

Whether you are a professional managing a salary and long-term goals or an entrepreneur juggling payments, savings, and credit, your bank plays a key role in your financial journey.

It influences how easily you access funds, the cost of doing business, and your overall peace of mind. Choosing the right one requires more than following a friend’s recommendation-it means knowing what to look for, and how to confirm that the bank actually delivers.

One of the most important factor is the quality of customer service. A bank is more than a place to keep money; it is a daily service provider. According to the 2024 Banking Customer Satisfaction Survey by the Kenya Bankers Association, 80 percent of respondents said they were satisfied with their banks.

Yet 47.3 percent of customers who left a bank did so due to poor service. Pay attention to how quickly a bank responds to queries, how its staff treat customers, and how well it handles complaints. Good service builds trust.

Next, consider the value you get for the cost. Banking fees-whether for maintaining accounts, withdrawing money, or sending funds-can quietly eat into your finances. The same Banking Customer Satisfaction Survey found that 46 percent of customers quit banks because of high charges.

Ask about monthly fees, transaction costs, and interest on savings. Some banks offer fee waivers for digital transactions or maintaining a minimum balance. Choosing a cost-effective bank can save you money over time.

Security is non-negotiable. The Central Bank of Kenya requires all banks to follow strict guidelines to protect customer funds and information. This includes fraud prevention, internal audits, and KYC processes.

A secure bank will ask for your ID, proof of address, and Kenya Revenue Authority PIN when opening an account. These steps might seem tedious but are essential for protecting your finances.

Accessibility is an important factor to think about when choosing a bank. With the rise of agency banking, more people in rural and remote areas can now access basic financial services.

It is worth considering how easy it is to reach your bank-whether it has branches close by, a reliable network of ATMs, or agent outlets where you can deposit or withdraw money.

Closely linked to accessibility is technology. The 2024 survey showed that 56.49 percent of customers prefer mobile or online banking.

Digital platforms are now a core part of financial management. Test a bank’s app: does it let you pay bills, transfer money, or check balances easily? Can you link your account to mobile money? A good banking app should be secure, functional, and user-friendly.

Stability and reputation also matter. A bank might offer excellent products, but if it lacks financial health or transparency, it may not be a safe long-term choice. Check if it has had regulatory issues or scandals. Look into its ownership, profitability, and what customers are saying online. A strong reputation and clean record suggest consistency and reliability.

You should also think about products offered. Some banks tailor services for salaried employees, small businesses, students, or specific groups such as women or farmers. Whether you need a low-interest loan, trader financier for your business, a flexible savings account, or mobile-friendly services, the right bank will offer solutions aligned to your needs.

Understanding these factors is the first step. Look for patterns rather than isolated complaints. Multiple people citing poor service or technical failures is a red flag.

Visit the bank in person. Observe how the branch operates. Are you served promptly? Do staff take time to explain products? Is the environment orderly? This tells you a lot about the bank’s culture and priorities.

Also, review official reports. CBK publishes data on capital adequacy, liquidity, and compliance for all licensed banks. These documents are freely available and can help you assess a bank’s financial standing and risk exposure.

Lastly, if you need personalised advice, consult financial advisors.