Category: Sunday Standard

Botswana’s rail freight business generated stronger returns in the first quarter of 2026, with revenue growing faster than cargo volumes as a surge in transit traffic reshaped the mix of goods moving through the network.

According to a report compiled by Statistics Botswana, during the first quarter of 2026, Rail freight volumes increased 4.9 percent to 171,715 tonnes from 163,681 tonnes in the previous quarter, while revenue rose 7.5 percent to P42.9 million from P39.9 million.

The performance was driven largely by transit traffic, which more than doubled, rising 108.8 percent. Transit cargo nevertheless represented only 18.8 percent of total freight, behind exports at 31 percent, local traffic at 25.5 percent and imports at 24.7 percent.

The stronger revenue growth highlights the value of the traffic mix. Transit freight generated average revenue of P395 a tonne, considerably above local traffic at P275.72. Imports generated P29.37 a tonne, while exports brought in only P13.22.

That disparity gives Botswana’s rail network a potentially important commercial incentive to attract more transit cargo, even if such traffic remains smaller in volume terms.

The figures also show the limits of relying on traditional freight categories. Exports and imports together accounted for more than half of volumes, but produced substantially lower revenue per tonne than transit traffic.

For a railway operating in a regional market, the opportunity may therefore lie less in simply increasing tonnage and more in capturing cargo that can command higher yields. The first-quarter figures offer an early indication of that shift, although it remains to be seen whether the sharp increase in transit traffic can be sustained.

Botswana Power Corporation (BPC) could face greater pressure on electricity procurement costs as South Africa reforms its power market, potentially changing how electricity is priced and traded across the region.

South Africa’s Cabinet has approved for public comment a revised electricity pricing policy that seeks to make tariffs more cost-reflective and separate charges for generation, transmission, distribution and retail.

The reforms are intended to move South Africa towards a more competitive electricity market, with greater participation by independent generators and traders.

For Botswana, the changes matter because BPC remains exposed to South African electricity prices despite growing domestic generation.

BPC chief executive David Kgoboko recently told a government assurance committee that the corporation buys electricity from South Africa, Namibia, Mozambique and Zambia at prevailing industry rates, while domestic tariffs do not fully recover supply costs.

BPC’s 2024 integrated report showed power-import expenditure more than doubled to P3.676 billion from P1.641 billion, contributing to a post-tax loss of P1.842 billion.

Botswana has reduced its reliance on imports, with electricity imports falling 61.8 percent year-on-year to 220,305 MWh in the first quarter of 2026. Eskom nevertheless supplied 80.9 percent of those imports.

The reforms could eventually benefit Botswana if greater competition and investment increase regional electricity availability. But the transition could also introduce greater price volatility as South Africa moves towards a more market-based system.

The pressure comes as BPC remains reliant on government support. Minerals and Energy Minister Bogolo Kenewendo said government provided about P2.5 billion to BPC during 2025/26 period.

South Africa has also approved an 8.76 percent increase for Eskom direct customers for 2026/27, while municipal tariffs will rise by 9.01 percent.

Botswana Tennis Association (BTA) is reaping the benefits of hosting international tournaments for its upcoming young aces.

This is demonstrated by the improvement in world rankings for the country’s young tennis players from the first ITF J30 Gaborone alone. More improvements in rankings are expected when new rankings are published early this coming week.

Speaking in an interview with this publication, BTA vice president technical Nonofo Othusitse said the return on investment is visible. During the recent ITF J30 Gaborone, Botswana had eight (8) boys and seven (7) girls in the main draw. Most of the players were under the age of 14 years.

‘Two of our players emerged as World Tennis Tour Juniors doubles champions. That is Martin Seetso (boys) and Angel Chakanyuka (girls). Two other players, 13-year-old Reene Sebego and 14-year-old Rerotlhe Kgannyeng gained their first ever international rankings.’

Of greater importance, a number of our players are improving their rankings. Martin Seetso jumped 440 places to move to a world ranking of 2222 while Angel jumped 206 places to 1691 ranking.

‘We are happy with the performances. We have two Champions and a number of players improving their rankings. If you look at the round robins some of our players won 2 matches out of 3.’

‘We are expecting to see an improvement in terms of players performances in both singles and doubles. We are expecting more players to improve their rankings. The ROI is definitely there.’

This was all achieved while at the same time reducing expenses for parents who pay from the pocket to take their young players to compete in international tournaments.

‘When we host, we offset international travel cost for our players. This can be a limiting factor for most players. So, with six tournaments hosted, we ensure that at minimum our players get to play 6 tournaments a year.’

Due to the improvement in the rankings for young local players, Botswana has maintained her position in the CAT Nations Trophy. Botswana is currently ranked 8th in Africa in the 2026 African Tennis (CAT) Nations Rankings. In the Southern African region, the country is ranked third, just behind neighbours South Africa and Zimbabwe.

The rankings are compiled from the results of players in the African Junior Championships across the U14, U16 and U18 age groups. The rankings take into account both singles and doubles performances.

Nonofo says the improvement in rankings for the players and the country points to a good investment made to help sports stars. He pointed out that the rankings also show ‘the country’s consistency in terms of participation and competing in the Continental championships.’

Away from the players, the BTA vice president technical says hosting helps the BTA to build capacity. From hosting, ‘administrators and officials are gaining necessary skills and experience.’

‘When hosting, we give our officials an opportunity to organise and run these events. We are therefore building capacity in terms of administrative and technical officials.’

He elaborated that as Botswana tennis, they dream of hosting ATP and WTA events in the future. As such, having as many administratively and technically capable officials will ease the processes of hosting.

Botswana’s vehicle market started 2026 on a weaker footing, with first-time registrations falling sharply and the composition of purchases pointing to a market still heavily reliant on imported used cars.

A total of 8,119 vehicles were registered for the first time in the first quarter, down 18.3 percent from 9,942 in the final quarter of 2025, according to Statistics Botswana. The decline was recorded across most vehicle categories, with the exception of trucks.

The latest figures extend a downward trend from the high levels recorded in 2024 and early 2025. First-time registrations stood at 11,583 in the first quarter of 2025, meaning the latest quarterly total was substantially lower year on year.

Passenger cars continued to dominate the market, accounting for 74.7 percent of registrations. Vans represented 7.7 percent and trucks 5.5 percent. The composition of imports is equally notable. Used vehicles accounted for 79.6 percent of all first-time registrations, while new vehicles represented just 20.3 percent.

Japan remained the dominant source, supplying 70.3 percent of all first-time registrations. Almost all Japanese vehicles – 99.4 percent – were used. South Africa, meanwhile, accounted for 18.8 percent, with new vehicles making up 76.1 percent of its registrations.

The figures underline the continued importance of the second-hand vehicle trade to Botswana’s automotive market.

For dealers and other businesses exposed to vehicle demand, the latest decline raises questions over whether the slowdown is temporary or indicative of a more sustained cooling in household and business demand.

The Government Investment Account (GIA) has staged a sharp recovery in the first half of 2026, rising nearly 88 percent to P3.13 billion by June, although the account remained highly volatile amid persistent pressure on government finances.

The GIA, held with the Bank of Botswana, increased from P1.66 billion in January after plunging to a record low of just P106.5 million in February – its lowest level in more than two decades. It subsequently surged to about P8.7 billion in March following the central bank’s P7.3 billion dividend payment, before falling to P6.1 billion in April and P3.13 billion by June.

The recovery coincided with a broader strengthening of Botswana’s foreign exchange reserves. Total foreign assets increased 10.4 percent to P59.12 billion at the end of June from P53.56 billion in January. In US dollar terms, reserves rose 6.1 percent to $4.16 billion.

Over the year to June, foreign assets climbed 31.5 percent from P44.96 billion, although the stronger Pula also supported the Pula-denominated increase. The Transactions Balances Tranche, representing the more liquid portion of reserves, rose to P12.70 billion from P9.67 billion, while the Pula Fund increased to P30.82 billion.

Another key improvement was the full repayment of the government’s temporary advance from the central bank. The facility stood at P3.20 billion in January but had been cleared by June, removing a significant sign of immediate fiscal cash-flow stress.

However, the improvement comes as Botswana continues to grapple with weak diamond revenues. Government remains reliant on borrowing and SACU transfers, meaning the stronger reserves and GIA provide relief but do not yet signal a durable turnaround in the country’s fiscal position.

A considerable number of children are feared to have been exposed to a food safety risk after dead rodents were reportedly found inside packaged Tsabana products.

Tsabana is a government-supplied food product manufactured by Sefalana Holding Company Limited’s subsidiary, Foods Botswana (Pty) Ltd.

The discovery has triggered an urgent food safety alert and raised serious questions about food safety controls at the Serowe-based manufacturer.

Foods Botswana is wholly owned by Sefalana Holding Company Limited, a company listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange.

The company produces Tsabana and Malutu exclusively for the government feeding scheme.

The affected product is 2.5kg Tsabana with batch number A16326 which was manufactured on 12 June 2026 and due to expire on 12 October 2026.

A savingram issued by the Kweneng District Council on 3 August 2026 described the matter as an ‘urgent food safety alert.’

The document states that dead rodents were identified in a packaged Tsabana product manufactured by Foods Botswana at Newtown Ward, Serowe.

‘This savingram serves as an urgent notification of a suspected food safety alert requiring coordinated multi urgency action,’ the council states.

Sources at the government enclave have expressed concern because Tsabana is produced for the government feeding programme. The product is distributed to children through public feeding schemes.

The Kweneng District Council called for immediate action to determine whether the affected batch had already reached other districts.

‘As a precautionary action, your esteemed office is requested to engage with all District Councils to establish availability of the food product in their jurisdiction,’ the savingram states.

Kweneng District Council also indicated that it was engaging Foods Botswana to obtain information on the distribution and traceability of the affected batch.

Reports also indicate that the incident has raised questions about how a dead rodent could allegedly end up inside sealed food packaging. It also raises questions about the effectiveness of hygiene, pest control, inspection and quality assurance systems at the manufacturing plant.The savingram calls for a coordinated response and immediate tracing of the affected product.

Contacted for comment, the Ministry of Health referred questions to the Ministry of Local Government and Traditional Affairs.

Ministry of Health spokesperson Christopher Nyanga told Sunday Standard that the matter was already being handled by the latter ministry.

‘We have noted your enquiry; however we advise that you engage the Ministry of Local Government and Traditional Affairs, which is currently seized with the matter at hand and is best placed to provide the relevant information and clarification,’ Nyanga said.

He said the Ministry of Health would only act after receiving a report from the responsible ministry.

‘The Ministry of Health will, at a later stage, receive a report from the Ministry of Local Government and Traditional Affairs whereupon any action or advice as to the way forward, could be made,’ he said.

Despite repeated attempts by Sunday Standard to obtain the company’s response, Sefalana had not responded by press time. The company was asked to explain how the alleged contamination occurred, whether the affected batch had been recalled, how much of the batch was produced and distributed, and whether other products had been affected. It was also asked to clarify what pest-control and quality assurance measures were in place at Foods Botswana’s Serowe facility.

The Ministry of Local Government and Rural affairs also had not responded by press time.

The first lesson for many reception class pupils in Boteti West is not reading or counting – it is learning to use toilets never designed for children their age. This is atleast according to a question tabled in Parliament last week by area Member of Parliament – Sam Digwa.

In his response, the Minister of Local Government and Traditional Affairs Ketlhalefile Motshegwa revealed that only three of Boteti West’s 15 primary schools have purpose-built junior toilets, leaving reception class pupils in the remaining 12 schools sharing ablution facilities with older learners despite government policy requiring age-appropriate sanitation.

Digwa also questioned the ministry about the deteriorating state of school toilets and whether young children were being forced to use the same facilities as mainstream pupils.

Government admitted that only Motopi, Etsile and Mokoboxane have fully fledged junior toilets. The other schools continue to rely on facilities intended for older children, a situation the ministry described as a temporary measure caused by years of inadequate funding.

The irony is that government policy expressly states that reception learners should use dedicated junior toilets and should not share with older pupils. However, the ministry acknowledged that when the pre-primary programme was introduced, councils converted old kitchens and other existing structures into classrooms because funding was insufficient to build new facilities, leaving junior toilets out of the plans.

To address the problem, government has allocated P2.4 million for minor maintenance of school infrastructure in Boteti West. Repairs have been completed at several schools, including Baipidi, Moreomato, Khumaga, Etsile, Mmadikola, Xhumo and Motopi, while construction and rehabilitation work continues at others.

But the figures show the scale of the challenge. Eighty percent of primary schools in the constituency still lack dedicated junior toilets, forcing Botswana’s youngest learners to use facilities that government itself says are inappropriate.

For parents, the issue goes beyond infrastructure. It is about dignity, safety and whether children taking their first steps into education are being given an environment worthy of their age and potential.

The African Development Bank (AfDB) has raised questions about Botswana’s ability to translate improvements in budget transparency into credible and reliable fiscal management. It warns that persistent gaps between approved budgets and actual outcomes are weakening public investment, increasing fiscal risks and potentially raising borrowing costs.

This comes at a time when Botswana is negotiating a multi-billion Pula loan from the continental bank. AfDB. Unlike traditional development loans where money is released upfront, the proposed funding adopts the AfDB’s results-based financing model, meaning Botswana would have to demonstrate measurable progress before portions of the loan are disbursed.

The query against Botswana’s budget credibility is contained in the AfDB’s country focus report, ‘Mobilising Botswana’s Development Financing at Scale in a Fragmented World.’ The Bank acknowledges that Botswana has relatively strong fiscal institutions but says weaknesses in forecasting, budget execution, cash management and administrative capacity continue to undermine the effectiveness of public finances.

The report asks: ‘Has Budget Transparency Translated into Credibility?’ Its answer points to a significant gap between transparency on paper and the actual reliability of government budgeting.

‘Despite relatively strong fiscal institutions, low budget credibility and administrative capacity challenges in compliance monitoring and enforcement undermine collection efficiency in Botswana,’ the AfDB says.

The bank notes that deviations between approved budgets and actual outcomes remain persistent. It attributes some of these deviations to the volatility of mineral revenues, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) transfers and difficulties in accurately forecasting revenue and planning expenditure.

The problem, according to the AfDB, is compounded by external shocks.

‘External shocks, such as commodity price fluctuations and geopolitical crises can further widen these gaps, and disrupt fiscal discipline,’ the report warns.

The AfDB warns that weak budget credibility is not simply an accounting problem.

‘Weak budget credibility reduces the efficiency of public investment, raises fiscal risks, undermines investor confidence and increases borrowing costs,’ it says.

The bank recommends that Botswana strengthen its forecasting capacity, commitment controls, treasury operations and cash management systems.

‘These will be essential to enhance budget reliability, support fiscal sustainability, and mobilize capital more effectively,’ the AfDB says.

Despite its concerns, the AfDB recognises that Botswana has made progress in fiscal transparency and accountability.

The report says improvements in budget reporting, disclosure and public access to information have strengthened fiscal transparency.

Parliament and the Auditor General are identified as important institutions in overseeing the use of public resources, while internal audit systems have increasingly adopted risk-based approaches.

However, the bank says Botswana still has work to do in ensuring transparency across the entire budget cycle.

‘Challenges remain in ensuring full transparency across the budget cycle, including timely reporting and broader public participation,’ the report says.

The AfDB also warns that Botswana’s relatively strong oversight institutions do not automatically guarantee effective accountability.

‘While Botswana has relatively robust institutions, gaps remain in timely audits, follow-up on findings, and oversight of SOEs,’ the report says.

State-owned enterprises remain a particular area of concern because weak oversight can expose government to financial risks and undermine the effectiveness of public spending.

The bank calls for stronger transparency, improved digital reporting and greater public participation in the budget process.

It says resilient public financial management systems will be crucial for Botswana as the country attempts to absorb economic shocks while maintaining fiscal discipline.

The AfDB’s assessment goes beyond revenue collection and focuses on how effectively government converts approved budgets into actual development.

It says Botswana’s public financial management system has strengthened over time, particularly in fiscal planning, transparency and audit practices.

These improvements have supported macroeconomic stability and policy credibility. But significant institutional gaps remain.

‘Gaps persist in budget execution, cash management, procurement discipline, and project implementation,’ the report says.

The AfDB points to deviations between planned and actual spending, forecasting weaknesses and inadequate commitment controls as factors that can reduce efficiency.

Fragmented reporting systems and capacity constraints also affect coordination and oversight.

The bank identifies weaknesses in public investment management as a source of delays and cost overruns in infrastructure projects.

‘Weaknesses in public investment management (PIM) contribute to delays and cost overruns in infrastructure projects, limiting growth impact,’ it says.

The recommendation is for Botswana to strengthen digital integration, treasury systems and procurement practices while improving the preparation of public projects before they enter the budget.

The AfDB argues that Botswana does not necessarily have to borrow more to achieve better development outcomes.

Instead, the country could create additional fiscal space by improving the efficiency of existing public spending.

‘Improving efficiency would generate significant fiscal savings, expand fiscal space, and support growth without increasing debt,’ the report says.

Botswana’s population is on course to approach 3 million by 2038, with a rapidly expanding working-age population and accelerating urbanisation set to reshape the country’s economy while putting pressure on jobs, housing and infrastructure.

The population is projected to rise from 2.40 million people in 2023 to 2.95 million by 2038, an increase of about 558,000 people, according to the latest population projections from Statistics Botswana. The medium-variant scenario, which the report identifies as the country’s primary planning baseline, puts average annual population growth at 1.4% over the period.

The demographic expansion comes with a potentially valuable economic shift. The proportion of Botswana’s population aged 15 to 64 is projected to rise from 63.26% in 2023 to 67.59% in 2038. But the report makes clear that a larger workforce will not automatically translate into stronger economic growth.

‘This expansion enhances Botswana’s potential to harness the demographic dividend, provided that adequate investments are made in employment creation, skills development and productivity,’ the report says. That creates a high-stakes policy challenge for a country seeking to diversify its economy and reduce its dependence on traditional sources of growth.

Statistics Botswana says the expanding working-age population creates an opportunity to increase productivity and economic competitiveness, but warns that without strategic investment, the larger labour force could face unemployment and underemployment. ‘Without strategic investment, the expanding labour force could face unemployment and underemployment, undermining economic gains,’ the report says.

The projections point to a country becoming significantly more urban over the next 12 years. The share of people living in urban areas is expected to increase from 70.4% in 2023 to 76% by 2038, with growth concentrated around Gaborone and fast-expanding centres including Mogoditshane, Kweneng, Kgatleng, Tlokweng, Palapye, Mahalapye, Serowe, Tonota, Tutume and Francistown.

That shift is likely to intensify demand for housing, transport, water, sanitation and other public services. The report says the 5.6-percentage-point increase in urbanisation will require ‘substantial investments’ in housing, transport infrastructure, water and sanitation, waste management, environmental protection, schools and health facilities.

The population growth will also be unevenly distributed.

Mogoditshane is projected to record the largest absolute increase, adding 57,762 people between 2023 and 2038. Gaborone is expected to add 44,393, while North West and Okavango are projected to gain 40,741 and 34,279 people respectively.

Okavango is projected to be the fastest-growing district, expanding by about 44% over the period. North West and Boteti are each projected to grow by about 33%, while Tonota, Tutume, Letlhakeng, Mabutsane, Goodhope and Mogoditshane are expected to record increases of between 28% and 32%.

The growth is reinforcing what the report calls Botswana’s ‘eastern and northern growth corridor’, stretching from Gaborone through Mogoditshane, Kweneng, Kgatleng, Mahalapye, Palapye, Serowe, Tonota, Tutume and Francistown. These areas are expected to absorb much of the country’s internal migration and natural population increase.

At the same time, Botswana is beginning to age. The share of people aged 65 and above is projected to increase from 5.48% in 2023 to 6.61% in 2038, while the median age is expected to rise from 26 to 29 years. The report says the shift will have implications for healthcare, pensions, social protection and long-term care.

Fertility is also expected to continue falling, with the total fertility rate declining from 2.86 births per woman in 2023 to 2.20 by 2038. Annual births are projected to fall from 55,850 to 49,415 over the same period, an 11.5% decline.

The report calls for job creation, stronger technical and tertiary education, greater emphasis on STEM, green technologies and digital skills, as well as policies supporting entrepreneurship and small businesses. ‘These shifts present both opportunities and challenges that require coordinated, evidence-based policy responses,’ Statistics Botswana says.

The agency cautions that the figures should be treated as planning tools rather than exact predictions and updated regularly as new data become available.

Businessman Bakang Seretse who is fighting a P42m judgement has now turned his fire on the judge who delivered it, accusing one of Africa’s most respected jurists of prejudging him.

Seretse has lodged a complaint with the Judicial Services Commission(JSC), demanding an investigation into whether Justice Edwin Cameron’s conduct created an appearance of prejudgment, compromised judicial impartiality and resulted in him being treated unequally before the Court of Appeal.

Seretse has not only put Justice Cameron on the JSC’s examination table, he is also challenging the independence of the process that will examine Cameron.

He is also demanding that two key members of the JCS, Judge President Tau and Attorney General Dick Bayford should stay out of the process that will decide his complaint

The complaint filed under the JSC (Code of Conduct and Enforcement Procedures) Regulations, centers on two Court of Appeal judgments delivered by Cameron in separate cases arising from the National Petroleum Fund controversy.

The challenge puts the conduct of a judge with an exceptional international reputation under scrutiny. Cameron, a former justice of South Africa’s Constitutional Court and Supreme Court of Appeal, spent 25 years on the South African bench and built a reputation as a leading jurist and human-rights advocate. Nelson Mandela famously described him as one of South Africa’s ‘ new heroes’.

Seretse, however argues that Cameron’s language in the two NPF-related judgments went beyond judicial findings and revealed a recurring pattern of prejudgment against him.

The first was delivered in February 2024 when a panel comprising Justices Singh Walia, Johan Froneman and Edwin Cameron dismissed an appeal by Seretse against a High Court decision that granted the Directorate of Public Prosecutions and Bank Gaborone civil forfeiture of 26 assets, including luxury vehicles and properties.

The second judgment was handed down on 31 July 2026 when Cameron, sitting with Justices Tebogo Tau and Isaac Lesetedi, overturned a High Court ruling and granted summary judgment against Seretse and Khulaco (Pty) Ltd, ordering repayment of P42 million to government together with interest.

While the two matters concerned different legal disputes, Seretse argues that they reveal a recurring pattern in the language used by Cameron.

In the 2024 forfeiture appeal, Cameron described the movement of NPF funds through a network of companies as occurring through an apparent ‘honeypot’ from which a ‘near frenzy of looting’ depleted public funds. The judgment further referred to recipients becoming ‘fabulously enriched’ from transactions linked to the fund.

In his complaint, Seretse contends that these descriptions did not originate from the High Court judgment delivered by Justice Omphemetse Motumise and instead reflected Cameron’s own characterisation of the evidence.

‘Cameron JA did not simply adopt or accurately summarise Motumise J’s findings. He repeatedly intensified and personalised them,’ Seretse states in the complaint.

The complaint identifies a series of expressions used in the judgment, including references to a ‘monstrous fraud’, a consultancy agreement described as ‘equally bogus, a tawdry copycat’, ‘phoney names’ and documentation characterised as ‘all equally fake’.

Seretse argues that the language transformed findings relating to disputed transactions into conclusions about his personal honesty and character.

Particular emphasis is placed on a passage in which Cameron questioned how Seretse accumulated luxury assets and suggested that he had advanced a purported consultancy contract as an explanation for his wealth. According to the complaint, the judgment attributed motive and intention to him despite the fact that no oral evidence had been heard and no witness had been cross-examined.

The complaint further challenges Cameron’s use of language in the 2026 Khulaco judgment.

That matter arose after government appealed a High Court refusal to grant summary judgment in proceedings seeking recovery of approximately P42 million. Government argued that Khulaco and Kgori Capital were effectively Seretse’s alter egos and that fiduciary duties owed to the state had been breached. Cameron agreed with the state’s position, finding that the companies operated under Seretse’s control and that significant conflicts of interest had not been disclosed.

In challenging the judgment, however, Seretse focuses on several phrases used by the court.

The complaint cites a passage in which Cameron wrote that a reader of Seretse’s correspondence could infer that he had ‘a sticky finger in the deal (indeed, many sticky fingers).’ It also points to references to ‘a monstrous heist’ and ‘the whiff of fraud that strongly lingers’.

According to the complaint, such language amounted to ‘exceptional personalised condemnation’ of a litigant whose alleged misconduct had not been tested through a full trial.

Seretse argues that the issue is particularly significant because the Khulaco matter concerned summary judgment proceedings. He notes in the complaint that there was no oral evidence, discovery process or cross-examination of allegations relating to fraud, collusion, fiduciary breach and corporate alter ego.

Beyond the language used in the judgments, the complaint raises concern about Cameron’s participation in the 2026 appeal. Seretse asks the JSC to investigate the circumstances under which the judge, who ordinarily resides outside Botswana, was assigned to the panel that heard the Khulaco appeal after having authored the earlier 2024 judgment involving him. The complaint requests that the JSC obtain the full records of both Court of Appeal matters, compare the language used by Cameron with that contained in the original High Court judgments and investigate whether a reasonable observer could question the appearance of impartiality arising from the repeated use of similar language across related NPF cases.